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1 

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( 


THE 


CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


BY 


JOHN   H.  VINCENT. 


WITH    AN     INTRODUCTION 


BY 


PRESIDENT   LEWIS   MILLER. 


BOSTON: 
CHAUTAUQUA    PRESS, 

117   FRANKLIN   STREET. 
1886. 


i^p    LC(^3oi  •  c-s^vrr 


Copyright,  1885, 
By  JOHN   H.  VINCENT. 


PREFACE. 


THIS  book  has  been  prepared  .v.  the  midst  of  arduous  official 
labors,  and  nothing  but  the  writer's  interest  in  the  cause 

addresses  in   .11        '"''^'^f  "J"^"'    =»"d  presented  in  lectures  and 
acdresses  m  all  parts   of  the  country.     To  such  reproductions 

W.1    give   to   many  persons  who    know  little  or  nothing  about 
Chau  auqua,  and  to  those  who  may  have  been  prejudiced  agains 
It,  the  true  v.ew  of  its  aims  and  plans,  and  thus  secure  to  the 
cause  new  and  firm  friends,  and  increase  its  power  for  good. 

It  IS  the  author's  purpose  (or  at  least  his  hope),  at  some  future 
t^e  to  pubhsh  a  volume  of  "Chautauqua  Me'morialsrwih  de- 
tailed  programmes  of  what  was  done  at  every  Assembly,  and  wU h 
the    memoranda  of    things  proposed  from  time  to  t L,  nevfr 

'cL^qTanf '•     '"^^  ^  --^'-''^  -'"  -^^  ^  — irT 
f.  .^"r'"",'"^  *"'  ^"'^'°''''  P''"'^"^^  ^^'^*^o»s  to  the  beginning,  and 

ttle  m  this  volume  content  and  grateful  to  have  been  permitted 
by  a  gracious  Providence,  to  engage  in  the  good  cause  wUh  the 
worthy  workers  who  have   helped  to  found  ^and  to  build    t  up 
Some  kind  words  on  this  subject  by  Mr.  Miller,  in  his  Introduc' 
t.on,  the  author  has  taken  the  liberty  to  suppress.  "     ' 

1  le  book  IS  now  committed  to  the  "hosts  of  Chautauaua"  and 
to  "the  outside  world."  in  the  humble  hope  that  it  may  help  to 
advance  the  noble  cause  which  aims  to  lif?  and  b  oaden  and  n 
manifold  ways  to  bless  humanity.  ^^  '"* 

Plainfield,  N.J.,  March  3,  i8S6.  ^'   ^'  VINCENT. 


302:i'^tj\ 


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INTRODUCTION. 

By  lewis  miller,  Esa 


C™f  W^:^"  Zf  ""''=''  ^-  -  -,„ged  recognition 
the  sky  for  its  fre^ro^rf  ..r        u      '"'"S  fo^  "«  rostrum,  w  th 

cises^hecruXL1,''f:r"tt^:dl'",''  ""™-  ^''"- 
a.  the  start,  made  catholic  as  to  freed"  t^^T"''-  "  "^' 
but  dl  denominational  ,  ,.1  T '  '  ""denominational, 
organi.ation,Tat  r  'rat'fetst"  ^'!^\''»°P-'-n  or 
which  the  particular  order  wourde'tn''  ''''  '°"'""'«™ 
ing  for  magnifying  God's  Z^^^nT^l  :„rT'''i°''"- 
each  .0  bring  its  strongest  1;,|7    T     u  f '   *'"  S^^^''^'^- 

andtheraysLngthreT^dtL   e'd,":^Hi^^^^^^^ 

hoard,  .thHarerrd  I^rrLTi  tX^  ^  l^r 
mysteries  of  the  Book.  ^     ^  niaden 

spheres  oTTZm^L"^""  "t  ''«''^"  °'«'=""^  »  =«" 
which  would  mlTflitTth"  ^'™  ')"  ^""^  *^'  '^^«8"'«»» 
every  citizen  T^o u.  Th  lU'L°  .dl*^  ^"^  ^°  '^^ 
ciaUon  or  the  chuL  and  c^^^^  Ll  ■r'':^^- 


mmmm 


VI 


INTRODUCTION. 


1 '  ( 


visit  of  that  greatest  of  generals  and  statesmen,  U.  S.  Grant, 
while  president  of  the  United  States,  had  a  significance  beyond 
a  mere  general  and  pleasure-seeking  purpose.  When  the  pres- 
entation of  the  Bible,  by  the  chancellor  of  Chautauqua,  was 
made,  the  true  purpose  became  apparent.  The  acceptance  of 
the  Book  by  that  great  man,  in  silence,  had  the  appearance 
of  indifference  in  interest ;  but  that  great  heart  being  too  full 
of  gratitude  for  utterance,  silence  became  a  higher  tribute  than 
words,  and  may  it  ever  stand  as  a  seal  of  humble  and  highest 
recognition. 

It  was  the  purpose  that  the  scientist  and  statesman,  the  arti- 
san and  tradesman,  should  bring  their  latest  and  best  to  this 
altar  of  consecration  and  praise  ;  that  the  tourist  and  pleasure- 
seeker  should  here  stop  and  fir  d  their  best  place  for  reveries ; 
when  thus  strengthened,  to  return  to  their  respective  fields, 
and  there,  through  the  year,  weave  into  the  fibre  of  the  home- 
work the  newly  gathered  inspiration  and  strength. 

My  past  experience  brings  the  conviction  that  the  great  want 
of  humanity  is  recognition.  The  men  of  trade,  factory,  or  field, 
need  the  association  of  the  theorist  and  the  professions  j  the 
theorist  and  the  professions  need  contact  with  the  arts  and 
artisan.  This  thought  has  not  in  it  equality  of  ability,  equality 
of  wealth,  equality  of  social  power,  but  equality  of  consideration, 
of  privileges,  and  of  rights.  The  One  who  gave  us,  and  is,  the 
model  of  our  Christian  religion,  could  dispute  with  the  lawyers 
and  doctors  at  twelve  years  of  age,  but  went  on  strengthening 
until  he  was  thirty,  before  associating  himself  with  the  fisher- 
men of  Galilee ;  and  not  until  the  second  year  of  his  ministry 
was  the  multitude  gathered  on  the  mount  for  the  great  inaugu- 
ral for  common  humanity.  The  national  spirit,  as  it  gathers 
strength  and  greatness,  should  be,  to  come  nearer  and  to  care 
more  for  the  common  citizen. 

As  the  arts  multiply,  and  the  facility  for  producing  with 
rapidity  increases,  the  wants  for  all  become  greater.    There 


INTRODUCTION. 


vn 


must  come  to  the  common  citizen,  if  justice  is  done,  more  leis- 
ure, more  pay,  more  knowledge,  more  pleasure.  The  beloved 
Garfield,  in  his  short,  well-timed  speech  at  Chautauqua,  said, 
"  It  has  been  the  struggle  of  the  world  to  get  more  leisure,  but 
it  was  left  for  Chautauqua  to  show  how  to  use  it." 

Not  the  least  of  Chautauqua's  mission  is  to  develop  and 
make  more  practical  the  teaching  of  the  Book  as  condensed  in 
the  great  second  commandment,  "  Love  thy  neighbor  as  thy- 
self." All  our  schemes  and  steps  of  development  must,  if 
founded  in  a  true  spirit,  have  in  them  a  common  good  for  all. 
Three  thoughts  of  the  Bible  are :  Know  the  Lord ;  Love  the 
Lord;  Love  thy  neighbor  as  thyself.  How  pleasing  now  the 
thought,  as  the  world  is  asked  to  take  a  survey  of  the  foun- 
datirns  of  Chautauqua,  that  the  public  platform  and  private 
tent  were  first  consecrated  by  praise  and  adoration  to  God, 
that  the  first  school  for  increased  knowledge  was  the  church 
school,  and  that  the  gathered  people  sat  and  ate  at  one  common 
table  !  May  that  spirit  ever  remain.  This  principle  is  funda- 
mental in  our  Republic.  The  Declaration  of  Independence 
was  an  inspiration  from  a  heart  that  saw  clearly  this  need  of 
human  recognition.  In  this  spirit  the  right  of  representation 
through  the  ballot  is  given  to  all  our  citizens.  The  right  of 
the  ballot  brings  with  it  the  need  of  general  intelligence  :  our 
national  and  public  schools  are  already  a  model  for  the  Old 
World.  The  church  school  must  mould  and  guide  the  con- 
science and  heart  of  the  ever-rising  generation,  and  keep 
guiding  principles  constantly  impressed. 

We  are  in  the  midst  of  great  problems  and  struggles,  —  the 
right  of  the  people  to  deal  with  the  commonly  accepted  national 
questions,  such  as  temperance,  and  sabbath  observance,  the 
rights  of  property,  the  rights  of  labor,  the  rights  of  trade, 
the  rights  of  money,  the  rights  of  woman.  These  problems  the 
present  and  near  future  must  solve.  Lovers  of  our  common 
religion,  lovers  of  our  great  Republic,  lovers  of  common  human- 


Vlll 


IN  TROD  L/C  T/ ON. 


ity,  must  make  one  common  cause,  must  recognize  the  situation, 
and  raise  themselves  up  to  the  magnitude  of  the  occasion,  and 
carry  all  through  to  the  brightness  beyond. 

Chautauqua  must  perform  her  part.  The  churchman,  the 
statesman,  the  humanitarian,  must  be  brought  on  her  platform, 
and  there,  free  from  caste  and  party  spirit,  discuss  questions,' 
solve  problems,  and  inaugurate  measures  that  will  mould  and 
inspire  for  the  right. 

Those  whose  love  and  self-sacrificing  efforts  helped  so  much 
to  make  Chautauqua,  are  too  numerous  to  receive  special 
mention. 

The  Chautauqua  Camp-meeting  Managers  gave  the  Assembly 
movement  a  most  hearty  welcome,  and,  when  permanence  was 
assured,  deeded  over  thei.  charter  with  its  privileges  and  all 
their  property  to  the  Managers  of  the  Sunday-school  Assembly. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  selected  from  the  different  States  of 
the   Union  and  Canada,  and  as  far  as  possible  from  all  the 
denominations,  are  men  of  wisdom  and  business  integrity.    They 
gather  as  often  as  called,  and  give  their  most  hearty  and  full 
support  to  all  its  interests.     It  will  be  permitted  to  mention 
the  names  of  Francis  H.  Root  of  Buffalo,  N.Y.,  and  Jacob 
Miller  of  Canton,  O.,  who,  beside  giving  their  wise  counsel 
through  all  the  years,  gave  special   financial  support.      The 
Secretaries  in  their  order,  as  elected,  cannot  be  passed  over 
without  special  mention  being  made  of  them.    Brother  Leslie, 
who  was  Secretary  of  the  first  Sunday-school  Assembly,  per- 
formed his  work  faithfully  and  well.     He  was  one.  of  the  first  to 
pass  away,  and  make  it  necessary  that  another  should  take  up 
the  work  where  he  left  off.    Dr.  W.  W.  Wythe,  then  of  Erie, 
Penn.,  succeeded  Mr.  Leslie.    Many  are  the  places  of  special 
mterest  that  are  the  work  of"  his  hands,  and  not  a  few  his  con- 
tribution of  original  design.     A.  K.  Warren  was  Dr.  Wythe's 
successor.      He  was  a  man  of  sterling  integrity,  was  a  good 
accountant,  had  most  excellent  taste,  and  a  man  of  great  ability. 


INTRODUCTION, 


ix 


Many  of  the  finer  buildings  now  on  Chautauqua  grounds  are 
of  his  design.  He  served  the  Association  faithfully  to  the 
time  of  his  death.  W.  A.  Duncan  of  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  is  Mr. 
Warren's  successor,  and  is  the  present  Secretary,  and  Superin- 
tendent of  Grounds.  He  has  always  taken  great  interest  in  the 
Y.M.C.A.  throughout  the  State  of  New  York,  and  did  much 
to  build  up  throughout  the  State  that  institution.  The  finances 
under  his  management  are  in  most  excellent  condition.  The 
cottage-holders,  as  a  body,  have  done  their  part  by  providing 
for  bodily  comforts,  which  did  much  to  induce  guests  to  return 
from  year  to  year. 

Much  credit  should  be  given  to  the  editors  and  managers 
of  the  Chautauqua  "  Herald,"  and  "  Chautauquan,"  for  theii 
perseverance  during  days  of  trial  and  doubts.  The  final  success 
of  these  papers  is  largely  due  the  present  editor  and  publisher, 
Dr.  T.  L,  Flood,  who  gave  up  the  pulpit  to  make  these  two 
publications  his  only  work. 

The  thoughtful  and  entertaining  exercises  on  the  platform 
and  in  the  hall  brought  the  life  and  spirit  which  is  felt  in 
thousands  of  churches,  circles,  and  homes. 


Akron,  0.,  February,  1886. 


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II 


The  Chautauqua  Movement. 


««i    m  111 


CHAPTER  I. 

"  Jfa  man  write  a  book,  let  him  set  down  only  what  he  Jknows.^' —  GoZTHE. 

THE  task  I  have  taken  upon  myself  is  to  tell,  in  a 
simple  way,  the  story  of  Chautauqua,  —  a  story  of 
to-day ;  without  romantic,  heroic,  or  tragic  element ;  a 
story  of  the  people ;  a  story  in  which  the  scholars  will 
be  interested,  because  the  scholars  are  a  part  of  the 
people ;  a  story  in  which  the  rich  and  the  refined  will 
be  interested,  —the  rich  who  are  truly  refined,  and  the 
refined  whether  rich  or  poor,  —  because  they  believe  in 
the  brotherhood  of  the  race  and  in  its  high  destiny,  and 
are  proud  to  account  themselves  a  part  of  it. 

I  shall  make  no  effort  to  excite  the  pity  of  the  wealthy 
and  the  learned  for  the  poor  and  the  illiterate,  —  class 
for  class,  upper  for  lower.  Chautauqua  is  not  one  of 
the  "associated  charities,"  nor  is  it  a  department  of 
"home  missions."  It  comes  alike  to  the  door  of  want 
and  of  wealth,  with  proffered  blessings  for  both,  and  is 
as  likely  to  gain  entrance  at  one  door  as  at  the  other. 
It  deals  with  matters  which,  by  the  order  of  an  impar- 


1[ 

I 


2  r//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

tial  Providence,  belong  to  "all  clas<!P«  ,n^  „„  a:- 
of  mpn "     -ru     c  1.     ,    ,  Classes  and  conditions 

ot  men        The   full-orbed   "Chautauqua  idea"   must 
awaken  in  all  genuine  souls  a  fresh  enthusiasm  inTue 
I.v.ng,  and  bring  rich  and  poor,  learned  and  unl  arned 
.nto  neighborship  and  comradeship,  helpful  ..l^;. 

Education,  once  the  peculiar  privilege  of  the  few 

pores'o:"  f 'tr  ^^^^''^r^^^  "^coL  thf^td 

able  r  2  of  V      "'"^;     ^'  '^  "  "^*"'"  ='"d  -^"en- 
able right  of  human  souls.     The  gift  of  imagination  of 

exSe       "■"""'  "'  '"™"'"'"'  "'  -nstr^ict  veil 

to  him  °^  tht  "?  "^^^  ^'"^  ™P""''y  surrender,  as 
to  h  mself,  this  endowment,  nor  deny  to  his  neighbor 
he  right  and  obligation  which  it  involves.    Givenlntel 
iC  '°t:^\  Vr""^''  '"'^"-'-  "-■•pHn    an d 
ers  and  w  'l""°"^  '""'"'  "^  "'°"S''t,  teach- 

of  fortune  rTbu'  ™T^  "°"^^  ^"^  ""^  f^^^tes 
o  fortune.  It  holds  no  less  among  the  lowly. -the 
plebeians  and  the  peasants  of  society 

Diversity  in  the  direction  of  talent,  and  difference 
n  degree,  together  with  inequalities  of  social  condT 

uZrrLd""'''"  ''\''^"'^"''  "P°"  '"«  indMdu  "for 
culture  and  service;   but   the   utter  neglect   of  intel- 

LnHolZ""'it"'  "'r'"^''  "•'^"'^^ " "'  'y  -"-i^  ° 

t"    he  s  It^'  •  ^        '^    "  '  '"■'"^  '"  '''^'  '"  "'^  ^^™"y- 
r„H        f.  '^'^'  ""'^  "  ''^^^^^  him  blind  whom 

turnsT  .'"  '"r"''  "^"'^  t°  'he  family  since  " 
turns  him  into  a  physical  or  commercial  macbL  whom 
God  appointed  to  be  companion  and  comforter;  tlth^ 
s  ate,  since  ,t  makes  him  a  mere  figure-head  -  Uether 
of  clay  or  gold -whom  God  intended  to  be  a  «,„  I 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  3 

lor  and  helper,  and  to  "have  dominion"  according  to 
the  measure  of  his  power.     No  man  has  a  right  to  neg- 
lect his  personal  education,  whether  he  be  prince  or 
ploughboy,  broker  or   hod-carrier.     He   needs   knowl- 
edge,  and  the  wisdom  which   makes   knowledge  avail- 
able.    Where  the  power  lies,  there  rests  responsibility 
for  Its  use.     Circumstances  seem  to  favor  the  prince 
and  to  be  against   the  ploughboy ;   but,  after  all,  the 
latter,  overcoming  adverse  conditions,  may  acquire  an 
education  worth  a  great  deal  more'to  the  world  than 
that  of  the  prince  with  his   opportunities.      Struggle 
against  what  men  call  fate  brings  power.     One  hour  of 
study  every  day,  with  heroic  purpose,  may  prove  more 
valuable  to  the  student  than  five  hours  a  day  of  easy 
memorizing  and  reciting.     The  prince  may  complete  his 
course  in  a  few  years,  and,  having  "finished,"  graduate. 
The  ploughboy,  moving  slowly,  may  require  four  times 
the  number  of  years  to  cover  the  same  ground ;  but  that 
length  of  time  may  be  an  advantage  to   the  humble 
student.     It  may  require  greater  concentration  when 
he  does  study;  and  the  long  hours  of  manual  labor 
may  be  enriched  by  thought,  and  thus  mav  knowledge 
gain  a  firmer  hold,  and  its  vitalizing  power  be  increased 
Chautauqua  has  a  work  to  do  for  college  graduates 
It  enters  protest  against  the  suspension  of  intellectual 
effort  when  the  compulsory  regime  of  the  recitation- 
room  has  been  remitted,  -  a  fault  so  common  and  so 
pernicious  that  college  men  themselves  frequently  bring 
mto  disrepute  the  college  system.     Intellectual  activity 
must  be  continuous  in  order  to  promote  intellectual 
health  and  efficiency.     College  life  is  the  vestibule  to  a 
great  tem.ple.     He  who  crosses  its  pavement,  and  reads 


I 


4  THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

the  inscriptions  on  its  doors,  but  goes  no  farther,  might 
as  well  never  have  entered  the  campus  at  all     Too 
many  suspend  literary  pursuit  when  the  diploma  is  won 
and  the  world  of  business  opens  before  them      Chau' 
tauqua  provides,  for  such  as  these,  incentives  to  a  per- 
sonal review  of  the  entire  college  curriculum  in  a  series 
of  English  readings.     It  urges  them  to  prosecute  ad- 
vanced courses  of  study,  and  suggests  a  plan  by  which 
college  prestige  and  power  may  be  used  in   helping 
less  favored  neighbors  who  desire  education.     This  last 
class  IS  large.     It  is  made  up  of  eager  minds  who  need 
direction  and  encouragement.     They  would  ask  ques- 
tions,  and  gratefully  accept  assistance,  if  college  gradu- 
ates  would  simply  place  themselves  within  reach 

Chautauqua  has  therefore  a  message  and  a  mission 
for  the  times.     It  exalts  education,  -  the  mental,  social, 
mora ,  and  religious  culture  of  all  who  have  mental 
social,  moral,  and  religious  faculties  ;  of  all,  everywhere 
without  exception.     It  aims  to  promote  a  combination 
ot  the  old  domestic,  religious,  educational,  and  indus- 
trial   agencies ; .  to   take   people   on  all  sides   of  their 
natures,  and  cultivate  them  symmetrically,  making  men 
women,  and  children  everywhere  more  affectionate  and 
sympathetic  as  members  of  a  family ;  more  conscien- 
tious and  reverent,  as  worshippers  together  of  the  true 
God  ;  more  intelligent  and  thoughtful  as  students  in  a 
universe  of  ideas ;  and  more  industrious,  economical, 
just,  and  generous,  as  members  of  society  in  a  work-a- 
day  world.      The  theory  of  Chautauqua  is  that  life  is 
one,  and  that  religion  belongs  everywhere.    Our  people 
young  and  old,  should  consider  educational  advantages 
as  so  many  religious  opportunities.     Every  day  should 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


be  sacred.  The  schoolhouse  should  be  God's  house. 
There  should  be  no  break  between  sabbaths.  The 
cable  of  divine  motive  should  stretch  through  seven 
days,  touching  with  its  sanctifying  power  every  hour 
of  every  day. 

Kitchen  work,  farm  work,  shop  work,  as  well  as 
school  work,  are  divine.  They  hide  rare  pearls  in 
their  rough  shells.  They  are  means  of  discipline  in 
the  highest  qualities  of  character,  and  through  them 
come  some  of  the  greatest  and  mightiest  energies  from 
the  heavens.  People  should  be  guarded  against  that 
baleful  heresy,  that,  when  they  leave  the  hour  of  song, 
prayer,  and  revival  power,  and  go  to  homely  service  in 
shop  or  field,  they  are  imperilling  spiritual  life,  as 
though  only  so-called  sacred  services  could  conserve 
it. 

We  need  an  alliance  and  a  hearty  co-operation  of 
Home,  Pulpit,  School,  and  Shop,  — an  alliance  conse 
crated  to  universal  culture  for  young  and  old  ;  for  all 
the  days  and  weeks  of  all  the  years ;  for  ail  the  varied 
faculties  of  the  soul,  and  in  all  the  possible  relations  of 
life. 

Chautauqua  teaches  that  each  of  these  institutions 
embodies  and  represents  an  idea,  and  that  every  man 
needs  in  hi  3  own  life  these  representative  ideas,  —  the 
home  idea  of  mutual  love  and  tenderness ;  the  church 
idea  of  reverence  and  conscientiousness;  the  school 
idea  of  personal  culture  ;  and  the  shop  idea  of  diligence, 
economy,  and  mutual  help.  The  young  and  the  old 
need  these  things.  Thr  -ich  and  the  poor  need  them. 
Capital  and  labor  need  tnem.  The  educated  and  the 
illiterate  need  them.     Chautauqua  says  therefore :  Give 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


P 


them  to  the  people.     Hold  up  high  standards  of  attain- 
ment.    Show  the  learned  their  limitations,  and  the  il- 
literate their  possibilities.      Chautauqua  pleads  for  a 
univer'^al  education ;  for  plans  of  reading  and  study ; 
for  all  legitimate  enticements  and  incitements  to  ambi- 
tion ;    for  all   necessary  adaptations   as   to   time   and 
topics ;  for  ideal  associations  which  shall  at  once  excite 
the  imagination,  and  set  the  heart  aglow.     Chautauqua 
stretches  over  the  land  a  magnificent  temple,  broad  as 
the  continent,  lofty  as  the  heavens,  into  which  homes, 
churches,  schools,  and  shops  may  build  themselves  as 
parts  of  a  splendid  university  in  which  people  of  all 
ages  and  conditions  may  be  enrolled  as  students.     It 
says :  Unify  such  eager  and  various  multitudes.     Let 
them  read  the  same  books,  think  along  the  same  lines, 
sing  the  same  songs,  observe  the  same  sacred  days,  — 
days  consecrated  to  the  delights  of  a  lofty  intellectual 
and  spiritual  life.     Let  the  course  of  prescribed  read- 
ing be  broad  and  comprehensive;  limited  in  its  first 
general  survey  of  the  wide  world  of  knowledge ;  open- 
ing out  into  special  courses,  according  to  the  reader's 
development,  taste,  and  opportunity.     Show  people  out 
of  school  what  wonders  people  out  of  school  may  ac- 
complish.    Show  people  no  longer  young,  that  the  mind 
reaches  its  maturity  long  after  the  school-days  end,  and 
that  some  of  the  best  intellectual  and  literary  labor  is 
performed  in  and  beyond  middle  life.     College  halls  are 
not  the  only  places  for  prosecuting  courses  of  study. 
College  facilities   are   not   the   only  opportunities   for 
securing  an  education.     A  college  is  possible  in  every- 
day life  if  one  choose  to  use  it ;  a  college  in  house, 
shop,  street,  farm,  market,  for  rich  and  poor,  the  curricu- 


1 


WT. 

■ds  of  attain- 
),  and  the  il- 
pleads  for  a 
and  study  ; 
;nts  to  ambi- 
:o   time   and 
once  excite 
Chautauqua 
)le,  broad  as 
^hich  homes, 
emselves  as 
>eople  of  all 
tudents.     It 
itudes.     Let 
;  same  lines, 
:red  days,  — 
intellectual 
cribed  read- 
in  its  first 
edge;  open- 
the  reader's 
'  people  out 
3ol  may  ac- 
at  the  mind 
ys  end,  and 
■ary  labor  is 
ge  halls  are 
s  of  study, 
^unities   for 
e  in  every- 
2  in  house, 
the  curricu- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  7 

lum  of  which  runs  through  the  whole  of  life ;  a  college 
that  trains  men  and  women  everywhere  to  read  and 
think  and  talk  and  do ;  and  to  read,  think,  talk,  and  do 
with  a  purpose ;  and  that  purpose,  that  they  may  be  •  a 
college  that  trains  indolent  people  to  work  with  their 
own  hands ;  that  trains  people  who  work  with  their 
hands,  to  work  also  with  their  brains,  -  to  think  in 
their  work,  to  think  for  their  work,  and  to  make  other 
people  work  and  think. 

A  plan  of  this  kind,  simple  in  its  provisions,  limited 
in  Its  requirements,  accepted  by  adults,  prosecuted  with 
hrm  purpose,  appealing  to  the  imagination  and  to  the 
conscience,  must  work  miracles,  intellectual,  social,  and 
rehgious  m  household,  neighborhood,  and  nation.  And 
this  IS  the  "Chautauqua  Idea;"  and  the  idea  in  active 
operation  is  the  Chautauqua  of  which  I  write 

Its   benefits   are   manifold   and   obvious.     It  brings 

parents  into  fuller  sympathy  with- their  children,  at  the 

time  when  sympathy  is  most  needed,  -  sympathy  with 

hem  m  their  educational  aims,  sympathy  with  them  in 

lines  of  reading  and  study. 

It  helps  parents  to  help  the  teachers  of  their  children 
preparing  infants  under  school  age  to  make  a  good 
beginning  ;  inciting  and  assisting  the  children  who  have 
entered  school,  to  do  good  work  in  preparation  and  reci! 
.ation ;  protecting  them  against  the  peculiar  tempta- 
ions  of    playground   and    class-room ;    holding    them 

ek   he  h    H    '  ^'''•"'°°'  ~""^  '  inspiring  ?hem  to 

after  chonl^  T'"".."^  ""^  ™"^Se.  or  to  pursue 

after-school  courses  of  reading  and  study  at  home 

So  general  a  scheme  of  education  must  increase  the 
refining  and  ennobling  influence  of  home  life,  promoting 


i  1 

i    I 


8 


TN£  CHAUl'AUQl/A   MOVEMENT. 


self-control  and  dignity  of  deportment,  mutual  respect 
and  affection,  a  laudable  family  pride,  and  true  social 
ambition ;  giving  the  whole  house  an  air  of  refinement ; 
touching  with  artistic  skill  floors,  walls,  and  windows ; 
finding  the  right  place  and  the  right  light  for  the  right 
picture ;  putting  the  right  book  on  shelf  and  table ;  fur- 
nishing a  wider  range  of  topics  for  home  conversation ; 
crowding  out  frivolity  and  gossip ;  removing  sources  of 
unrest  and  discontent  at  home  ;  making  evenings  there 
more  agreeable  than  life  on  the  street ;  creating  a  real 
independence  of  the  outside  world,  and  making  one's 
own  house  the  centre  of  the  whole  world  of  science, 
literature,  art,  and  society.  Windows  open  out  through 
every  wall  •  and  beyond  vines,  trees,  and  garden,  the 
inmates  see  the  old  world  of  history,  the  new  world  of 
science,  the  rich  world  of  literature,  the  royal  world 
of  art.  And  through  skylights  they  look  up  and  see  the 
world  of  God,  — his  love  and  holiness,  and  the  boundless 
life  to  which  he  invites  us.  And  thus  they  all  in  that 
household  learn,  that,  seen  aright,  all  realms  of  knowl- 
edge, both  past  and  present,  are  flooded  with  the  light 
of  God. 

Popular  education  through  the  Chautauqua  scheme  in- 
creases the  value  of  the  pulpit  by  putting  more  knowl- 
edge, thoughtfulness,  and  appreciation  into  the  pew,  and 
encouraging  the  preacher  to  give  his  best  thought  m  his 
best  way. 

It  must  put  more  good  sense  into  popular  religious 
utterances,  so  that  the  talk  of  the  prayer-meeting  will 
be  sobered  by  wisdom  and  directed  by  tact,  thus  gain- 
ing in  its  influence  over  cultivated  people,  and  especially 
over  the  young  people  of  high-school  and  lecture-hall. 


NT. 

utual  respect 
d  true  social 
f  refinement ; 
nd  windows ; 
for  the  right 
id  table ;  fur- 
:onversation ; 
ig  sources  of 
^enings  there 
eating  a  real 
naking  one's 
1  of  science, 
I  out  through 

garden,  the 
new  world  of 

royal  world 
D  and  see  the 
he  boundless 
y  all  in  that 
ns  of  knowl- 
ith  the  light 

la  scheme  in- 
more  knowl- 
the  pew,  and 
lought  m  his 

alar  religious 
•meeting  will 
t,  thus  gain- 
nd  especially 
lecture-hall. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT  q 

It  must  enable  everybody  more  accurately  to  measure 
the  worth  and  the  limitations  of  science,  and  must  cause 
them  to  fear  far  less  the  dogmatism  of  pseudo-scientists 
concernmg  religious  facts  and  doctrines. 

Such  popular  education  must  increase  the  power  of 
the  people  in  politics,  augmenting  the  independent  vote 
which  makes  party  leaders  cautious  where  lack  of  con- 
science would  make  them  careless  concerning  truth  and 
honesty. 

It  must  tend  to  a  better  understanding  between  the 
classes  of  society,  causing  the  poor  to  honor  wealth  won 
by  honest  ways  of  work,  by  skill  and  economy;  to  de- 
spise wealth  and  winners  of  wealth,  when  greed  and 
trickery  gather  the  gold ;   to  honor  knowledge  and   a 
taste  for  knowledge,  whether  it  be  found  clad  in  fine 
Imen  or  in  linsey-woolsey ;  to  hate  with  resolute  and 
righteous  hatred  all  sham  and  shoddy,  all  arrogance  and 
pretentiousness ;  to  avoid  struggles  between  capital  and 
labor,  and  to  promote,  in  all  possible  ways,  the  glori- 
ous brotherhood  of  honesty,  sympathy  and  culture, -a 
culture  that  addresses  itself  to  all   sides   of  a  man's 
nature. 

Under  the  auspices  of  this  great  Chautauqua  "every- 
day  college,"  you  may  imagine  the  soliloquy  of  a  woman 
more  than  forty-five  years  of  age.     She  says,  — 

"I  am  busy  with  many  duties, -  household  cares  or 
shop  work.     I   have  something  to  do  all  the    time 
There  seems  no  end  to  calls,  toils,  worry,  and  weariness, 
done  ^  ^^''^'  ""'  ^^''^°'^'  sc"^ething  is  to  be 

"I  am  old  -that  is,  older  than  I  once  was.     Don't 
let  us  talk  about  that.     Gray  hairs?    No,  you  cannot 


lO 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


A   I 

i     i 


\     \ 


W     \ 


find  any  gray  hairs  in  my  head  —  or,  can  you  ?  Never 
mind.  The  heart's  young,  and  it's  nobody's  business 
how  old  the  bones  are. 

"  I  am  going  to  college !     Never  mind  about  thirty 
years,  or  fifty,  or  seventy  :  I  am  going  to  college.    Har- 
vard.?   No,  nor  Yale,  nor  Boston,  nor  Middletown,  nor 
Evanston,  nor  Wellesley.     I  don't  want  to  mix  with  a 
lot  of  reckless  boys,  or  ambitious   girls,  just   now.     I 
have  enough  of  them  at  home  or  in  the  neighborhood. 
I  am  going  to  college,  my  own  college,  in  my  own  house, 
taking  my  own  time ;  turning  the  years  into  a  college 
term  ;  turning  my  kitchen,  sitting-room,  and  parlor  into 
college-halls,  recitation-rooms,  and  laboratory.    What  a 
campus  \  have!  green  fields  and  forests,  streams  and 
mountain  ranges,  stretching  out  to  the  sunset.    What  a 
dome  surmounts   my  college !   vast   space,  blue   back- 
ground, billowy  clouds,  resplendent  stars !     What  pro- 
fessors I  have,  in  books !  immortal  books  of  history  and 
science  and  art,  books  of  poetry,  fiction,  and  fact. 

"In  my,  college  are  enrolled  the  names  of  glorious 
men  and  women  who  never  enjoyed  any  other  college, 
—  Shakspere,  Benjamin  Franklin,  Washington  Irving, 
John  G.  Whittier,  Horace  Greeley,  Abraham  Lincoln, 
and  hosts  of  others  who  went  to  their  own  college,  and 
wrought  out  their  own  education,  as  I  will  do  in  *  my 
college.'  I  can  never  be  what  they  were  ;  but  I  can 
be  something,  and  can  make  the  world  better,  and 
children  happier,  and  life  nobler,  because  of  the  feeble 
efforts  1  put  fonh  to  get  a  better  education. 

"  I  am  going  to  college  !  I  want  to  improve  all  my 
talents.  I  have  intellect.  I  intend  to  develop  and 
enrich  it.     I  must  know  more.     I  must  love  to  knov^ 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


II 


I  must  know  more,  for  the  sake  of  larger  influence  over 
others  for  their  good, —  children,  servants,  neighbors, 
church  associates.  God  has  given  me  at  least  one 
talent.     I  ought  to  improve  it.     I  will  improve  it. 

"  I  am  going  to  college  !     I  am  a  '  child  of  a  King,' 
and  have  a  right  to  my  inheritance.     'All  things  are 
yours.'     Well,  I  want  to  take  up  my  property  in  stars 
and  flowers,  and  in  the  knowledge  men  have  gathered 
about  my  royal  Father's  kingdom.     Astronomers,  bring 
me  what  you  have  discovered  in  the  outlying  domains 
of  my  Father's  universe !     Geologists,  tell  me  the  story 
you  have  learned  from  the  rocky  pages  of  the  earth, 
concerning  the  beginnings  and  the  development  of  the 
planet  I  live  on.     Thus  I   intend  to   lay  hold  of  all 
the  treasure-seekers  and  teachers  and  high  priests  of 
nature  and   literature   and   art,   and   bid   them    bring 
the  truth  they  hold,  my  Father's  truth,  my  truth,  and 
place  the  goodly  inheritance  at  my  feet.     '  Whatsoever 
things  are   true,  .  .  .  think   on   these   things.'     I   am 
going  ■  to  college  ! 

" '  Where  am  I  going  > '  I  shall  stay  at  home,  and 
construct  a  college  there.  My  house -small,  poorly 
turnished  (never  mind)  —  is  my  college  centre.  My 
neighbors,  the  richest  of  them  and  the  poorest,  the 
most  humble  and  ignorant,  and  the  most  scholarly 
shall  be  my  professors.  I  will  ask  questions  about 
every  thing,  and  of  everybody,  till  I  find  out  what  I 
want  to  know.  Some  of  the  stupidest  people  can  tell 
me  something,  and  when  I  draw  them  out  I  do  them 
good.     Getting,  I  can  give. 

"And  don't  talk   to  me  about  age.     Let  the  poet 
answer  your  raven  cry  :  --= 


h 


13  r//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

•  But  why,  you  ask  me,  shall  this  tale  be  told 
To  men  grown  old  or  who  are  growing  old  ?  ^ 

It  is  too  late !     Ah  !  nothing  is  too  late 

.    Till  the  tired  heart  shall  cease  to  palpitate. 

I    Cato  learned  Greek  at  eighty  ;  Sophocles 
Wrote  his  grand  "  CEdipus,"  and  Simonides 
Bore  off  the  prize  of  verse  from  his  compeers, 
When  each  had  numbered  more  than  fourscore  years ; 
And  Theophrastus  at  fourscore  and  ten 
Had  but  begun  his  "  Characters  of  Men ;  " 
Chaucer,  at  Woodstock  with  the  nightingales, 
At  sixty  wrote  the  «♦  Canterbury  Tales ; " 
Goethe  at  Weimar,  toiling  to  the  last. 
Completed  "  l^aust "  when  eighty  years  were  past. 
These  are,  indeed,  excepfi  ns  ;  but  they  show 
How  far  the  gulf-stream    ;     ur  youth  may  flow 
Into  the  arctic  regions  of  our  lives, 
When  little  else  than  life  itself  survives.  " 
Shall  we,  then,  idly  sit  us  down  and  say :  — 
The  night  hath  come  :  it  is  no  longer  day? 
The  night  hath  not  yet  come :  we  are  not  quite 
Cut  off  from  labor  by  the  failing  light. 
Something  remains  for  us  to  do  or  dare ;  * 

Even  the  oldest  tree  some  fruit  may  bear; 
For  age  is  opportunity  no  less 
Than  youth,  though  in  another  dress ; 
And  as  the  evening  twilight  fades  away. 
The  sky  is  filled  with  stars  invisible  by  day.'  " 

The  entire  Chautauqua  movement  is  b..sod  upon  the 
following  propositions  :  — 

I.  The  whole  of  life  is  a  school,  with  educating  agen- 
cies and  influences  all  the  while  at  work,  from  the 
earliest  moment  to  the  day  of  death.  These  agencies 
and  influences  should  be  wisely  and  continuously  ap- 
plk  1  ^:v  and  in  behalf  of  each  individual,  through  life, 
acccn  H»g  to  circumstances,  capacities,  and  conditions. 


n        ! 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


13 


2.  The  true  basis  of  education  is  religious.  The  fear 
of  the  Lord  is  the  b* ginning  of  wisdom,  —  the  recogni- 
tion of  the  Divine  existence,  and  of  his  claims  upon  us 
as  moral  beings ;  the  unity  and  brotherhood  of  the  race, 
with  all  that  brotherhood  involves  ;  harmony  with  the 
Divine  character  as  the  ideal  of  life  for  time  and  eter- 
nity ;  and  the  pursuit  and  use  of  all  science  in  personal 
culture,  the  increase  of  reverent  love  for  God,  and  of 
affectionate  self-sacrifice  and  labor  for  the  well-being 
of  man. 

3.  All  knowledge,  religious  or  secular,  is  sacred  to 
him  who  reverently  surrenders  himself  to  God,  that  he 
may  become  like  God,  according  to  the  divinely  ap- 
pointed processes  for  building  character.  And  he  has 
a  right  to  all  attainments  and  enjoyments  in  the  realm 
of  knowledge,  for  the  possession  of  which  he  has  capacity 
and  opportunity.  Science,  travel,  literature,  the  works 
of  art,  the  glories  of  nature,  —  all  things  are  his  who  is 
one  with  God.  This  law  applies  to  the  poor  and  lowly, 
as  well  as  to  the  rich  and  so-called  "favored  classes" 
of  society.  It  gives  lofty  ideals  to  lowly  life,  and 
transforms  humble  homes  into  places  of  aspiration 
and  blessedness. 

4.  In  mature  life,  "beyond  the  limits  of  the  usual 
school  period,  the  intellect  is  at  its  best  for  purposes  of 
reading,  reflection,  and  production.  While  the  training 
of  the  schools  may  discipline  the  juvenile  mind,  and 
thus  give  it  an  advantage  as  its  powers  mature,  the 
discipline  of  every-day  life,  in  solving  problems  of  exist- 
ence, support,  and  business,  gives  a  certain  advantage 
to  the  so-called  uneducated  mind  during  the  middle 
period  of  life.     Between  the  ages  of  twenty  and  eighty 


m 


14 


T//E  CHAUTAUQ,UA   MOVEMENT. 


Hi 
il! 


f*        I 


lie  a  person  s  best  intellectual  and  educational  oppor- 
tumties ;  and  he  needs  direction,  encouragement,  and 
assistance,  in  order  to  use  them  most  effectively 

5.  Early  lack  of  culture,  felt  by  full-grown  people 
begets  a  certain  exaltation  of  its  value  and  desirability 
and  a  craving  for  its  possession.  This  craving  creates 
intellectual  susceptibility  and  receptivity,  and  renders 
the  more  easy  the  acquisition  of  knowledge  Mere 
verbal  memory  may  be  less  efficient  in  these  adult 
years;  but  the  power  of  reasoning,  and  of  utilizing 
knowledge  for  practical  results,  is  much  greater  than  in 
the  early  years. 

6.  The  necessity  for  wise  direction,  assistance,  and 
encouragement;  of  this  mature  intellectual  power  and  de- 
sire  IS  as  great  as  in  the  period  of  youth  and  of  school 
life  Therefore  grown  people  need  courses  of  study 
outlined,  books  for  reading  indicated,  questions  an- 
swered, associations  formed,  and  all  the  conditions 
guaranteed  which  tend  to  promote  hope,  confidence, 
ambition,  and  strong  purpose. 

7.  Where  a  mature  mind  desires  to  use  its  energies 
and  opportunities  to  the  maximum   of  its  possibility 
and  to  do  thorough  intellectual  work  of  the  most  exact- 
ing sort,  the  influence  of  the   bfest   teachers   may  be 
brought  to  bear  upon  him  by  frequent  correspondence 
including  questions,  answers,  praxes,  theses,  and  final 
written  examinations  of  the  most  exhaustive  and  crucial 
character.     To   such   persistent   purpose   and    faithful 
effort,  after  rigid  testing,  there  should  come  the  testi- 
monials and  honors  in  diploma  and   degree,  to  which 
any  student  anywhere  else,  or  at  any  other  period  of 
his  life,  would  be  entitled. 


\\ 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT.  15 

8.  The  advantage  of  mental  attrition  by  personal 
recitation  and  conversation  is  a  large  factor  in  the 
schools.  This  advantage  may  be  enjoyed  by  voluntary 
associations,  local  circles,  contact  with  resident  scholars 
occasional  attendance  upon  special  lectures,  and  class 
recitations  in  local  high-schools,  seminaries  and  col- 
leges,  and  at  summer  schools  and  assemblies. 

These   are   some   of  the   fundamental   thoughts   on 
which  the  Chautauqua   movement   is   based      It   is   a 
school  for  people  out  of  school  who  can  no  longer  attend 
school. --a  college  for  one's  own  home;  and  leads  to 
the  dedication  of  every-day  life  to  educational  purposes. 
The  Chautauqi'q  movement  embraces:  — 
I.  Work  done  at  Chautauqua  and  similar  assemblies 
in  lectures  and  by  class  instruction,  for  a  few  weeks 
every  summer. 

2  Work  done  away  from  Chautauqua,  in  voluntary 
reading  through  the  year,  which  reading  is  under  direc- 
tion, and  IS  reported  to  headquarters  at  Plainfield   N  J 

3.  Work  done  away  from  Chautauqua  during  the 
entire  year,  in  study  under  faithful  teachers,  by  corre- 
spondence; such  work  being  tested  by  final  examinations 
of  a  rigid  character,  and  revvarded  bv  certificates,  diplo- 
mas, and  the  usual  scholastic  degrees. 

How  the  movement  began,  and  how  it  has  grown  to 
Its  present  state  of  achievement  and  promise,  from  its 
very  beginning,  it  is  the  mission  of  the  following  chap- 
ters  to  tell.  ^        ^ 


m 

hit 


i6 


T//£  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


!'l 


II      f 


CHAPTER  II. 

"  The  groves  were  God^s  first  temples''  —  W.  C.  Bryant. 

THE  Chautauqua  Assembly  opened  as  a  Sunday- 
school  institute,  — a  two-weeks'  session  of  lectures, 
normal  lessons,  sermons,  devotional  meetings,  confer- 
ences, and  illustrative  exercises,  with  recreative  features 
in  concerts,  fireworks,  and  one  or  two  humorous  lec- 
tures. It  was  called  by  some  a  "camp-meeting."  But 
a  "camp-meeting  "  it  was  not,  in  any  sense,  except  that 
the  most  of  us  lived  in  tents.  There  were  few  sermons 
preached,  and  no  so-called  "  evangelistic  "  services  held. 
It  was  simply  a  Sunday-school  institute,  a  protracted 
institute  held  in  the  woods.  We  called  it  at  the  first 
"The  Chautauqua  Sunday-school  Assembly." 

There  had  been  before  the  Assembly  a  camp-meeting 
at  "Fair  Point,"  the  old  name  of  the  present  "Chau- 
tauqua." It  was  organized  under  a  charter  granted  by 
the  Legislature  ot  the  State  of  New  York,  in  1871. 
There  lies  on  my  table,  as  I  write,  a  copy  of  "The 
Chautauqua  Lake  Journal,  published  for  the  Chautau- 
qua Lake  Camp-Meeting  Association."  No.  i  of  Vol.  I. 
bears  date  "Fair  Point,  N.Y.,  July,  1873."  The  first 
column  is  filled  with  an  announcement  of  the  "  Fourth 
Erie  Conference  Camp-Meeting  of  the  Methodist-Epis- 
copal Church/'  to  be  held  at  "  Fair  Point,  Chautauqua 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ly 

County,  N.Y.,  commencing  Tuesday,  Aug.  12,  and 
closing  Friday,  Aug.  22,  1873."  It  was  during  the 
session  of  the  camp-meeting  of  1873,  that  Mr.  Miller 
and  the  writer  visited  "  Fair  Point,"  and  selected  it  as 
the  place  for  our  "Assembly."  And  the  Assembly 
was  totally  unlike  the  camp-meeting.  We  did  our  best 
to  make  it  so. 

The  first  programme  was  comprehensive,  and  thor- 
oughly  prepared.     The    lecturers   and    teachers   were 
widely  known  as  men  and  women  of  superior  ability 
and  large  experience.     Every  thing  centred  in  the  Sun- 
day  school.    Never  were  so  many  representative  Sunday- 
school  people  so  long  together,  and  so  long  at  institute 
or   normal  work   in  Sunday-school   lines.     Never  had 
Sunday-school   work    been   more   carefully   canvassed, 
or  Its    methods   more   fully   or  admirably   illustrated' 
Large  classes  were  daily  drilled  in  the  one  text-book 
of   the    Sunday-school,    the    Holy   Bible;  and   in   the 
mstitution   itself,    its   relations   to   other  departments 
of  church  work,  its  organization  and  officers,  and  the 
duties  of  teachers.     The  most  radical  questions  per- 
tammg  to  pedagogy  were  considered.    Foundations  were 
laid.     First  principles  were  discussed  by  the  leaders  in 
educational   science.     Plans   of   teaching  were   shown 
m  actual  operation  by  most  gifted  instructors.     Criti- 
cism,  favorable   and   adverse,   was  freely   encouraged 
The  details  of  Sunday-school  work  at  Chautauqua  dur- 
ing  the  first  few  years  of  its  existence  will  be  described 
later  on.     It  is  enough  for  our  present  purpose,  to  ob- 
serve  that  the  basis  of  the  Chautauqua  work  was  in 
the  Ime  of  jiormal  tyainbi^,  with  the  purpose  nf  ifpp^ov- 
tng  methods  of  biblical  instruction  in  the  Sunday  school 


illill 


hii 


I    i 


!!  1 

iji!     ' 


i8 


r//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


and  the  family.     The  opening  words  on  the  first  even- 
ing in   1874  were  words  from  the  Holy  Bible.     Thus 
the  first  vocal  utterance   at   Chautauqua   was   divine. 
The  mission  of  Chautauqua  has  been  to   "study  the 
Word  ...  of  God."     Later  attention  to  His  manifold 
"works  "  in  nature,  in  history,  in  mind,  has  diminished 
neither  the  confidence  of  Chautauqua  leaders  in  the 
Word,  nor  their  use  of  its  sacred  contents.     They  have 
not  taken  less  interest  in  the  personal  religious  life. 
Indeed,  while  true  Chautauquans  study  the  Word  and 
the  works  of  God,  so  firm  is  their  faith  in  the  Spirit  who 
wrought  the  works  and  inspired  the  Word,  and  in  the 
spirit  of  man  for  whom  the  Word  was  inspired,  that 
they  deem  it  not  strange  that  God  the  Father  should 
"dwell  in  the  midst  of  them,"  folding  his  own  children 
to  his  heart,  and  breathing  of  his  own  Spirit  into  their 
spirits,  enlightening,  regenerating,  comforting,  witness- 
ing.    And  as  trust  grows,  and  desire  increases,  this 
access  becomes  less  and  less  interrupted  ;  and  they  hope 
one  of  these  days,  in  all  wisdom,  to  trust  in  God  con- 
tinually, and  every  day  to  feel  his  presence  and  rejoice 
in  his  grace.     They  do,  however,  discriminate  between 
this  Divine  possession  which  captures  and  sways  intel- 
lect and  will,  weekdays  and  Sundays,  in  business  and 
in  church  life,  steadily  and  effectively, — and  the  mere 
spasms  of   resolution  under  pressure  of  occasion,  the 
selfish  efforts  over  fancied  personal  security,  the  stud- 
ied outward  conformity  to  religious  duties,  according  to 
the  ebb  and  flow  of  religious  emotion.     They  believe 
so  firmly  in  the  kingdom  and  patience  of  our  Lord,  that 
obedience  is  worth  more  than  comfort  and  faith,  a  firmer 
foundation  than  sight  or  feeling. 


ii 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT.  iq 

Chautauqua  opened  as  a  school,  a  Bible  school  a 
normal  school,  a  Sunday-school  institute  in  which  the 
highest  standards  were  sought  and  the  best  teachers 
employed.  The  work  of  that  first  year  was  every  way 
deserving  of  commendation ;  and  so  far  as  its  ideals 
provisions,  and  methods  are  concerned,  the  first  assem- 
bly has  not  been  excelled. 

The  success  of  Chautauqua  must  be  especially  grati- 
fying to  Levvis  Miller,  Esq.    The  Chautauqua  Assem- 
bly IS  one  of  the  fruits  of  his  thoughtful,  active,  and 
earnest  life.     He   has   always   taken  great  interest  in 
eaucational  matters.     Circumstances  changed  his  early 
purposes   from   literary  to    mechanical    lines,   but    he 
never  lost  his  interest  in  education,  both  in  and  out  of 
the   Church.     He  was   successful   as   a   manufacturer, 
tTat'o?  "^T^  inventions;  the  one  most  prominent  was 
hat  of  ''The  Buckeye   Mower,"  which  revolutionized 
farm-machinery.     This  gave  him,  and  those  with  whom 
he  was   associated,  great   prominence.      He   earlv  be- 
came connected  with  educational  institutions;  in  1866 
was  made  president  of  a  college   board   of  trustees; 
in  1867  was  appointed  by  the   Governor  of  his  State 
a  member  of  a  Board  to  prepare   and  report  to  the 
Legislature  a  scheme  for  a  State  school,  to  carry  out 
a  Congressional  enactment,  and  appropriate  the  funds 
donated    to   the   State   for  an    educational    institution 
intended    for    the    greater   development    of    the    me- 
chanical   and   agricultural    arts.     Mr.  Miller  was   also 
a  triend   of  the  camp-meeting,  but   believed   that  the 
institution  could  be  improved  by  changing  the  evangel- 
istic  phase,  to  which  was   always  given   great  promi- 
nence, to  one  that  should  enlarge  the  outlook  of  the 


\n  1 1 


30 


THE   CHAUTAUQUA    MOVEMENT 


already  consecrated  church-member.     He  believed  that 
at  the  encampment  advanced  thought  should   be   dis- 
cussed,  new  methods  of  church-work  developed  by  rep- 
resentatives of  the  several  denominations,  and  that  the 
various  antagonizing  schools  of  thought  should  be  fairly 
and  thoroughly  met.    He  believed  in  science  and  litera- 
ture being  brought  to  the  support  of  Christianity.     It 
was   therefore  a  privilege,  and  a  rare  opportunity,  on 
the  part  of  the  author  of  this  volume,  with  such  a  man 
of  breadth,  inventiveness,  administrative  and  financial 
ability,  to  go  into  the  grove  at  Chautauqua,  where  our 
combined  and  long-cherished  educational,  ecclesiastical, 
and   catholic  schemes  might  be  fully  developed.     Mr. 
Miller's  devotion   to   education,  his   inventive  genius, 
business  capacity,  and  well-known  liberality,  promised 
from  the  beginning  large  success  to  Chautauqua. 

In  "The   Sunday-School  Journal"  for  April,  1870, 
Silas  Farmer,  Esq.,  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  writes  as  follows  : 

"  Shall  we  not  have  them  >  Every  one  concedes 
that  camp-meetings  have  been  a  power  for  good  in 
the  past  history  of  the  Church.  The  grand  old  forest 
trees  have  often  re-echoed  the  glad  thanksgivings  of 
God's  people,  and  many  a  weary  soul  has  received 
the  gospel  of  'rest,' while  beneath  the  leafy  arches 
of  'God's  temple.'  On  many  camp-grounds  for  years 
special  services  have  been  held  for  the  children. 
Why  not  have  district  and  State  gatherings  for  a 
week  at  a  time,  especially  for  the  teachers  and  chil- 
dren with  their  parents }  Our  institute  work  is  often 
imperfectly  done  for  want  of  time,  and  our  children's 
meetings  accomplish  but  little  of  what  they  might  if 


I    1 


VT. 

elieved  that 
uld   be   dis- 
»ped  by  rep- 
md  that  the 
uld  be  fairly 
e  and  litera- 
Jtianity.     It 
)rtunity,  on 
such  a  man 
nid  financial 
,  where  our 
:clesiastical, 
loped.     Mr. 
:ive  genius, 
r,  promised 
tauqua. 
Vpril,  1870, 
as  follows : 

e  concedes 
for  good  in 
d  old  forest 
sgivings  of 
Ls  received 
safy  arches 
Is  for  years 
;  children, 
ings  for  a 
3  and  chil- 
rk  is  often 
children's 
ly  might  if 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


21 


there  was  more  of  continuity  of  thought  and  purpose. 
What  great  things  might  be  done  for  the  Master  if 
we  'gathered  together  the  people,  men,  women,  and 
children,'  and  'taught  them  the  fear  of  the  Lord,' 
combining  in  one  meeting  the  idea  of  a  camp-meeting 
and  an  institute,  with  talks  on  home  religion,  reli- 
gious culture,  children's  work,  methods  of  teaching, 
and  practical  Bible  lessons,  interpersed  with  prayer 
and  experience  meetings  both  for  children  and  teach- 
ers !  Surely,  with  such  a  meeting,  seed-time,  growth, 
and  fruit-gathering  would  come  together.  What  state 
or  district  will  have  the  first  'camp-meeting  insti- 
tute'.?" 

The  scheme  of  Mr.  Miller  was  a  larger  scheme  than 
that  proposed  by  Mr.  Farmer,  although  both  embraced 
the  thought  of  utilizing  the  camp-meeting. 

While  the  exercises  of  the  first  season  (1874)  were 
devoted  to  the  Sunday  school,  the  wide  range  given  to 
the  topics  bearing  upon  this  theme,  and  the  varied  talent 
brought  to  the  platform,  furnished  much  that  was  inter- 
esting to  all  classes  of  minds.  There  was  no  narrowness 
in  the  first  programme  at  Chautauqua.  With  God's 
word  as  the  text-book,  there  could  be  no  limitation  as 
to  topics.  In  our  private  conversations,  Mr.  Miller  and 
I  had  anticipated  much  that  followed.  In  the  original 
suggestion  of  Mr.  Miller  concerning  the  improvement 
of  the  camp-meeling  by  the  presentation  on  the  plat- 
form of  scientific  as  well  as  theological  subjects,  the 
wide  relations  of  biblical  and  Sunday-school  work  to 
general  culture  were  recognized  ;  and  in  the  pleas  which 
the  writer  had  made  for  so  many  years  for  the  increase 


22 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


of  "week-day  power  "  in  connection  with  Sunday-school 
work,  one  may  easily  discover  the  germs  from  which 
developed  in  process  of  time  the  varied  departments  of 
Chautauqua.  The  programme  of  1885  would  have  been 
impossible  in  1874;  but  with  the  programme  of  1874, 
the  programme  of  1885  was  a  necessity. 

Chautauqua  began  on  a  broad  and  catholic  basis      It 
was  of  necessity  Methodist  Episcopal  in  origin,  because 
the  suggestion  of  a  protracted  normal  institute  came 
from  a  Methodist-Episcopal  Sunday-school  worker  who 
occupied  a  responsible  official  position  in  that  church, 
and  because  also  Methodist-Episcopal  people  have  been 
especially  active  in  camp-meeting  work ;  although  it  is 
claimed  that  the  Presbyterians  had  at  least  as  much  to 
do  with  the  origin  of  this  out-door  movement  in  Amer- 
ica as  did  the  Methodists.     It  is  said  that  the   "  first 
camp-meeting  in  the  United  States  was  held  in  1799  on 
the  banks  of  Red  River  in  Kentucky.     Two  brothers 
by  the  name  of  M'Gee,  one  a  Presbyterian  and  one  a 
Methodist,  being  on  a  religious  tour  from  Tennessee, 
where  the  former  was  settled,  to  a  place  called  '  The 
Barrens,'  near  Ohio,   stopped  at  a  settlement  on  the 
river  to  attend  a  sacramental  occasion  with  the  Rev 
Mr.  M'Greedy,  a  Presbyterian."     A  marvellous  mani- 
festation of  religious  energy  was  the  result.     The  meet- 
ings continued  for  several  days.     The  church  was  so 
crowded   that   it    became  necessary   to   erect  an  altar 
in  the  forest.     "This   gave  a  new  impulse  to  public 
interest ;  and  many   came  from   every  direction,  with 
provisions  and  other  necessaries  for  encampment,  and 
remained  for  several  days,  dwelling  in  tents.     It  was  a 
wonderful  occasion.     Sectarian  divisions  seem  to  have 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  AfOVEMENT.  2\ 

been  forgotten  ,n  the  general  concern  for  the  prevalence 
of  spiritual  religion.     The  services  were  conducted  by 
Presbyterians,    Baptists,  and    Methodists.     The  result 
was  unparalleled.     Another  meeting  of  the  kind  was 
helcl  on  Muddy  River,  and  still  another  on  what  was 
called  'The  Reach/  both  of  which  were  attended  by  im- 
mense throngs."     Presbyterians  and  Methodists  united 
in  the  conduct  of  these  meetings.     "Because  of  this 
union  of  sects  in  their  support,  they  were  called  'gen- 
era camp-meetings.'     It  is  said  that  the  roads  leading 
to  the  groves   where   they   were    held   were   literally 
crowded,  and  that  entire  neighborhoods  were  forsaken 
of  their    inhabitants.     A  Presbyterian  minister  calcu- 
lated that  there  were  at  least  twenty  thousand  persons 
present  at  one  time  at  a  meeting  held  in  Kentucky  " 
Thus  It  appears  that  they  had  at  least  the  denomina- 
tional unity  and  the  enthusiasm  of  Chautauqua,  in  1790 
The  Chautauqua  Sunday-school  Assembly  proposed, 
as  has  already  been  indicated,  was  formally  instituted 
by  Che  board  of  managers  of  the  Sunday-school  Union 
of   the   Methodist-Episcopal   Church   at   their  regular 
ng  in  October,  1873,  when  the  following  resolution 
lopttd :  ''Resolved,  That  we  approve  the  project 
c        ..unday-school  teachers'  assembly  in  Auo-ust   1874 
on   the   Chautauqua  Lake   camp-ground,  and  that  we 
refer  the  whole  matter,  with  full  power  to  order  and 
arrange,  to  the  committee  of  this  board  in  charge  of 
he  normal  department."     This  action  was  in  response 
to  a  request  from  the  executive  committee  of  the  Chau- 
tauqua Lake  Camp-ground  Association 

Immediately  after  the  adjournment  of  the  board  in 
October,  a  meeting  of  the  normal  committee  was  held 


24 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


1 1 


It  consisted  of  J.  H.  Vincent,  superintendent  of  instruc- 
tion, Rev.  H.  M.  Simpson,  secretary,  Rev.  J.  C.  Thomas, 
J.  Bentley,  and  A.  G.  Newman.     This  was  Oct.  22,  1873. 
All   the   members  were  present.     The  design  of  the 
proposed  assembly  was  stated  by  the  superintendent, 
substantially  as  follows  :  To  hold  a  prolonged  institute, 
or  normal  class,  occupying  from  ten  to  fifteen  days,  fof 
the  completion  of  the  course  of  normal  study  prescribed 
by  the  department  (see  Hand-book,  i8;2,  pp.  48-53) ;  to 
secure  the  presence  of  as  many  pastors,  superintend- 
ents, and  other  officers  and  teachers,  as  possible,  that  a 
new  and  general  interest  may  be  awakened  throughout 
the  Church  on  the  subject  of  normal  training  for  Sun- 
day-school workers ;  to  command  as  far  as  practicable 
the  best  talent  in  the  country  to  assist  in  the  conduct 
of  this  assembly;  to  utilize  the  general  demand  for  sum- 
mer rest  by  uniting  daily  study  with  healthful  recrea- 
tion, and  thus  render  the  occasion  one  of  pleasure  and 
instruction  combined.     The  name  "  The  Sunday-school 
Teachers'  Assembly  "  was  adopted.     Lewis  Miller,  Esq., 
of  Akron,  O.,  was  elected  president,  Rev.   Dr.   J.   H. 
Vincent  superintendent  of  instruction.  Rev.  Henry  M. 
Simpson   secretary.      The    committee    issued    an    an- 
nouncement urging  all  pastors  and  superintendents  to 
organize  normal  classes  at  once  in  their  several  churches, 
that  before  Aug.  i,  1874,  there  might  be  a  large  number 
of  teachers  ready  to  begin  with  the  second  or  junior 
course  of  normal  study.     The  committee  at  the  same 
meeting  passed   the  following   resolution  :    "  Whereas 
this  course  of  study  is  in  substantial  agreement  with 
that  adopted  by  the  normal  departments  of  the  Bap- 
tist, Presbyterian,  and  American  Sunday-school  Union 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  25 

boards,  and  as  the  leading  workers  in  these  and  other 
branches  of  the  Christian  Church  will  be  at  the  assem- 
bly to  assist  by  their  experience  and  counsels,  and  as  it 
is  our  purpose  to  make  the  occasion  one  of  the  largest 
catholicity,  the  committee  cordially  invite  workers  of 
all  denominations  to  attend,  and  to  participate  in  the 
services  of  the  assembly." 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  Chautauqua  movement 
began,  as   of  necessity  it   must    have   done,  with  the 
Methodist-Episcopal  Church  ;  and  that  at  the  very  out- 
set the  denominational  lines  were  almost  entirely  oblit- 
erated, people  of  all  the  churches  invited  to  participate 
and  a  course  of  study  selected  which  had  already  been 
virtually  agreed  upon  by  the  several  churches.     Later 
on,  with  the  local  incorporation  of  the  Chautauqua  Sun- 
day-school  Assembly,  the  unfolding  of  the  various  de- 
partments of  the  Chautauqua  work,  the  identification 
with   the   movement   of   representative   men   from  all 
branches  of  the  Church,  it  became  necessary  to  lift  the 
entire  institution  to  a  pan-denominational  and  catholic 
platform. 

People  coming  to  Chautauqua  are  not  expected  to 
abandon  their  church  relations.  They  come,  without 
compromising  conviction,  to  join  in  a  broad  movement 
for  the  increase  of  power  in  -every  branch  of  the  Church 
and  throughout  our  American  society.  True  denomina- 
tionahsm  is  catholic,  and  he  who  loves  his  own  wisely 
is  likely  to  love  others  generously.  At  Chautauqua  all 
churches  have  opportunity  to  meet  in  their  several  cen- 
tres for  prayer  and  conference  Every  Wednesday  even- 
ing at  seven  o'clock,  prayer-meetings  are  held  by  the 
several  denominations  in  their  respective  headquarters  • 


20 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEyfEXT, 


Baptist,  Congregational,  Disciples,  Lutheran,  Methodist- 
Episcopal,  Presbyterian,  United  Brethren,  United  Pres- 
byterian, Protestant  Episcopal,  Reformed  Episcopal, 
Cumberland  Presbyterian,  and  many  others.  On  one 
day  every  season,  a  denominational  congress  is  held,  to 
discuss  some  phase  of  the  question,  "  How  can  we  make 
Chautauqua  helpful  to  our  branch  of  the  Church?" 
The  utmost  good  feeling  has  always  prevailed.  There 
have  never  been  manifested  uncomfortable  rivalries. 
Men  of  the  several  denominations  have  appeared  on 
the  platform,  giving  the  people  of  each  church  a  chance 
to  hear  and  enjoy  the  talent  of  their  sister  churches ; 
thus  creating  a  sense  of  mutual  obligation  for  benefits 
received,  and  increasing,  also,  the  appreciation  by  each 
church  of  the  ability,  scholarship,  and  power  of  the 
other  churches.  Mutual  respect  has  thus  been  pro- 
moted, and  co-operation  of  the  most  radical  and  effec- 
tive kind  secured. 

The  highest  form  of  catholicity  is  that  in  which 
points  of  divergence  are  brought  before  the  several 
schools  of  thought,  without  diminishing  the  feeling  of 
Christian  affection.  On-  one  morning,  in  the  Hall  of 
Philosophy  at  Chautauqua,  Dr.  Daniel  Curry  of  the 
Methodist-Episcopal  Church  discussed  the  Arminian 
theology.  On  the  next  morning,  Dr.  Archibald  Alex- 
ander Hodge  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  considered 
the  Augustinian  theology.  The  kindest  feeling  pre- 
vailed. Every  man  saw  how  his  brother  could  fortify 
himself  with  arguments  in  the  maintenance  of  his  view 
of  church  creed  and  usage. 

On  one  occasion,  in  the  temple  on  the  hill,  a  meeting 
of  Baptists,  Congregationalists,  Methodists,  and  Pres- 


i 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMEXT. 


a; 


byterians  was  held,  twenty  minutes  each  being  given  to 
representatives  of  the  four  denominations  for  the  state- 
ment in  a  positive  way  of  the  doctrines  and  usages 
of  their  respective  churches.     The  Rev.  Mr.  Seymour 
of   Boston,   Baptist;  the    Rev.   Mr.  Williston,  then  of 
Jamestown,  N.Y.,  Congrcgationalist ;  the  Rev.  Dr  Hat- 
field of  Chicago,  111.,  Methodist-Episcopal ;  and  the  Rev 
J.  A.  Worden,  then  of  Steubenville,  O.,  Presbyterian, 
—  occupied  altogether  one   hour  and  twenty  minutes 
Each  man  gave,  in  a  plain,  straightforward  way,  a  state- 
ment of  the  views  of  his  own  church,  with  no  allusion 
whatever   to   other   interpretations  or  forms  of  faith. 
The  utmost  attention  was  given  by  all.     The  best  of 
good  feeling  prevailed.     At  the  close  of  the  last  address, 
the  entire  audience  arose,  and  joined  in  singing,  — 

"  Blest  be  the  tie  that  binds 

Our  hearts  in  Christian  love." 

This  occasion  was  thoroughly  characteristic  of  Chau- 
tauqua. 


28 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVE  ME  AT. 


CHAPTER   III. 

"  O  mother  Ida,  many-fonntained  Ida."  —  Tennvson. 

pROM  the  seed  sown  in  Chautauqua  soil  in  1874, 
A  there  has  come  up  a  remarkable  growth  It  has 
been  a  surprise  to  its  friends.  Out  of  one  we  have  many. 
The  little  one  has  become  a  thousand.  Yet  the  herb 
has  yielded  seed  after  his  kind,  and  the  tree  yielded 
fruit  whose  seed  was  in  itself.  The  numerous  and  vari- 
ous features  of  the  present  Chautauqua  work  are  natural 
outgrowths  of  the  original  basal  ideas,  -  biblical  study 
Sunday-school  normal  work,  and  the  necessity  of  utiliz- 
mg  and  regulating  in  the  interest  of  true  living  the 
"week-day  power."  What  we  have  must  of  necessity 
have  come  from  what  we  had. 

Sunday-school  workers  could  not  content  themselves 
year  after  year,  with  the  discussion  of  the  same  old 
practical  questions  of  organization,  admmistration,  and 
method ;  questions  of  accumulation,  classification,  and 
communication  ;  questions  about  infant-classes,  teachers 
and  superintendents.  The  theory  of  Sunday-school  work 
IS  very  simple ;  and  its  methods  are  to  be  mastered  by 
practice  at  home,  not  by  reiterations  in  professional 
meetings.  People  who  are  enterprising  and  energetic 
enough  to  do  effective  work  in  the  sphere  of  religious 


l.<: 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


29 


teaching  are  limited  and  belittled  by  mere  routine. 
They  detest  ruts.  They  want  radical  ideas,  and  new 
adaptations  of  them  to  every-day  service.  But  the 
compass  of  pedagogical  and  governmental  philosophy  as 
applied  to  the  Sunday  schools  is  not  wide  ;  and  thought- 
ful, earnest  souls  loathe  husks  and  platitudes  and  repe- 
titions. Therefore  the  subsequent  programmes  of  our 
Assembly  must  differ  from  the  first,  or  there  must  be 
such  modifications  and  enlargements  of  the  old  pro- 
gramme as  to  make  its  scope  broader  and  its  contents 
more  attractive. 

The  Bible  indeed  never  grows  old.  Nor  can  Bible- 
study  prove  a  weariness  to  spiritual  and  enthusiastic 
souls.  Its  pages  throb  with  life,  and  shine  with  beauty  ; 
ever  old,  ever  new,  never  dull.  One  never  exhausts  any 
of  its  most  familiar  passages.  The  oldest  and  the  com- 
monest text  may  flash  out  some  new  beauty  while  one 
puts  his  devout  thought  upon  it.  Chautauqua  exalts 
the  Bible.  It  may  not  trouble  itself  about  the  modus, 
the  quantum,  and  the  qualitas  of  inspiration.  It  simply 
takes  the  book  in  its  entirety,  as  the  book  given  to  be 
studied,  trusted,  loved,  and  obeyed,  as  individual  con- 
science and  judgment  respond  to  its  contents  after 
calm,  devout,  and  diligent  study  of  them ;  and  not  to 
be  quarrelled  over,  or  quibbled  about,  or  forced  to  sus- 
tain preconceived  or  pre-accepted  notions  by  a  string 
of  separated  texts,  on  the  cord  of  a  curious  fancy  or  an 
antiquated  dogma.  Chautauqua  believes  in  the  Bible 
as  the  revealed  word  of  God.  It  therefore  puts  book 
and  soul  together,  and  trusts  both  thoroughly  for  fair 
treatment.     It  encourages  Bible  study. 

But  it  is  possible  to  insist  upon  too  man}'  hours  of 


\ 


30 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


1,1 


Bible  study  each  day.  Even  a  good  thine  mav  h, 
earned  to  excess.  Busy  brains  need  varie';  of  "Z2l 
tion.  There  ,s  „,crease  of  power  in  recreation  T^L 
sense  i.,  a  good  balance-wheel  for  reli^^Js  .eal  ""^ 

People  who  for  summer  rest  settled  for  the  season 
m  the  grove  by  the  lake,  could  not  all  be  interested  i" 

s  trouttrr  t'  ----i^^r,::?;^ 
=£SSt^™-^^^ 

which  ro,„»  7  ■    ^  1"":kenmg  and  awakening 

which  come  from  great  ideas.  To  brin-  them  un  tf 
an  apprecation  of  our  hp«t  ,„»         .     ■  P    ° 

would  be  to  tLm  r  •    u    '        """  Sive  them  what 
oma  oe  to  them  their  best,  and,  without  catprm„  ►„ 
weakness  or  wron<v  ^ndnan,  •  ,      '='"^""8  '» 

idea,  hv  „,,!.  Ar  ^'^'"'"^"y  improve  their  tastes  and 
o    her^     T  "^  Chautauqua  a  place  of  rest  and  delight 

very  "ason  to'th:''    "  '""f '  '^"^  °^  *°--d» 
sembly  "°"'  °^  '■'^   Chautauqua  As- 

demand!  '^'^ ITct^'T^  """'^  •^^^'^  "^  '^ese  popular 
aemands  in  the  Chautauqua  work.     The  prooer  sf„Hv 

0    the  Divine  Woko  leads  to  and  requ  re'st'he  more 
careful  study  of  the  Divine  works.     The  Author  of  the 

thT  a;;  *'He  T  "'  "'  ""'""^'  ^'"'  '"^  '^"'-  ' 
tne  race.     He  who  examines  the  writing  will  turn  with 

new  interest  to  the  wonderful  facts  andiws  wMch " re 

e   forth  in  the  vast  fields  of  science  and  history     He 

will  discover  a  kinship  and  sweet  harmony  where  he 

fancied  division  and  antagonism.     The  word  "  secular  • 

gains  new  significance.     It  loses  its  hard,  metall  c  rW 

It  begins,  hke  Aaron's  rod,  to  blossom  with  sp  r     al 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOl'EMEMT  31 

beauty.     Things  secular  are  under  God's  governance, 
and  are  full  of  divine  meanings.     If  God  created  all 
things,  if  he  governs  all  things,  if  the  channels  of  his- 
tory^ have  been  furrowed  out  by  his  own  hand,  if  the 
beating  life  of  the  physical  universe  is  from  Him  who 
is  Life  before  life,  Life  of  all  life,  then  nothing  is  secular 
in  any  such  sense  as  to  make  it  foreign  or  unattractive 
to  the  saints  of  God.     If  "  the  heavens  declare  the  glory 
of  God,"  he  who  knows  most  of  the  stellar  spaces  may 
know  most  of  the  glory  of  God  as  set  forth  in  the 
heavens.     He  may  as  a  scientist  "consider  the  lilies," 
and  note  the  "fall  of  a  sparrow,"  and  "go  to  the  ant ;'" 
and,  other  things  being  equal,  learn  more  of  the  wisdom 
and  care  and  ethical  standards  of  his  heavenly  Father 
than  he  can  who  looks  casually  upon  disconnected  phe- 
nomena of  the  material  world.     To  Chautauquans,  there- 
fore, all  things  hold  a  measure  of  God's  infinite  wisdom. 
All  things  are  precious ;  for  in  all  things  one  may  find 
traces  of   his  grace.     All  things  are  sublime ;  for  all 
things  are  connected  with  a  glorious  unity,  which  fills 
heaven  and  earth,  eternity  past  and  eternity  to  come. 
Flowers,  fossils,  microscopic  dust,  foul  soil,  things  that 
crawl  and  things  that  soar,  ooze  from  the  sea-depths, 
lofty  heights  that  salute  the  stars,  —  all  are  divine  in 
origin  and  nature. 

Nor  were  the  benefits  of  this  new  combination  expe- 
rienced wholly  by  one  class.  Secular  teachers  found 
great  advantage  in  this  introduction  to  the  atmosphere 
of  Chautauqua,  and  to  fellowship  with  Sunday-school 
workers.  For,  while  the  former  gave  to  Sunday-school 
people  better  instruction  in  the  philosophy  and  plans 
of  teaching,  they  themselves  received  a  large  measure 


32 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT 


of  healthful  influence  from  these  more  sympathetic, 
evangelical,  practical,  and  humanitarian  church  people. 
They  gave  ideas,  and  received  impulses.  There  was  a 
mutual  interchange  of  light  and  heat.  And  both  were 
blessed. 

Thus  the  normal  work  as  applied  to  the  work  of  all 
schools,  especially  to  that  first  and  best  school,— the 
family,  —  became  the  distinguishing  feature  of  Chautau- 
qua.  It  began  as  a  Sunday-school  normal  institute.  It 
became  a  universal  normal  institute,  and  has  been  a 
guide  and  an  inspiration  to  teachers  of  all  grades,  in 
Sunday  school,  grammar  school,  high  school,  college,  and 
pulpit. 

Beyond  the  specific  normal    plan    there  came  into 
existence  — it    was   a   necessity —  other  and    broader 
departments  of  Chautauqua  work.     The  Sunday-school 
teacher  needed  a  measure  of  secular  knowledge  in  order 
to  his  greatest  efficiency  as  a  teacher  of  sr  :red  things. 
When  one  has  a  devout  spirit,  the  more  he  knows  of 
the  works  of  God  in  nature  and  in  providence,  the  larger 
and  fuller  must  be  his  conceptions  of  truth  in  revelation, 
and  the  more  ample  his  resources.     Our  Sunday-school 
scholars  come  to  us  from  a  world  full  of  knowledge  of 
this  kind,  and  rife  with  the  spirit  of  inquiry  and  research. 
They  live  in  that  world  seven  days  a  week.     The  Sun- 
day-school  teacher  ought  himself  to  be  familiar  with 
it,  that  he  may  understand  the  difficulties  which  his 
scholars  encounter,  the  objections  to  Christianity  which 
they  hear,  the  social,  aesthetic,  and  literary  allurements, 
good  and  evil,  by  which  they  are  helped  or  hindered 
between  Sundays  ;  and  that  he  may  pre-occupy  them 
with  right  ambitions,  legitimate  social  and  intellectual 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT 


33 


pathetic, 
1  people. 
;re  was  a 
oth  were 


rk  of  all 
3l,  — the 
Dhautau- 
:ute.  It 
been  a 
ades,  in 
ege,  and 

me  into 
broader 
y-school 
in  order 
things, 
nows  of 
e  larger 
■elation, 
^-school 
edge  of 
isearch. 
le  Sun- 
\x  with 
ich  his 
r  which 
jments, 
indered 
y  them 
ilectual 


pursuits,  and  thus  make  the  activities  of  the  world  a 
help  in  the  kingdom  of  Jesus  Christ. 

There  is  this  additional  advantage  in  familiarity  with 
general  knowledge,  that  the  religious  teacher  is  thereby 
furnished  with  illustrations  by  which  he  may  set  forth 
the  mysteries  of  the  spiritual  kingdom.  There  is  a 
marvellous  harmony  between  the  two  realms.  The  God 
of  the  one  is  the  God  of  the  other.  He  is  in  both. 
Both  are  of  him.  He  said,  "  Let  there  be  light."  The 
sun  to  this  day  obeys  him.  He  caused  other  light  to 
shine  out  of  darkness,  and  in  the  spiritual  heavens  is 
the  "Sun  of  righteousness."  Blessed  are  they  who 
"walk  in  the  light."  Thus  the  world  is  full  of  harmo- 
nies ;  whether  analogies  merely,  or  "  correspondences  " 
according  to  the  thought  of  Swedenborg,  or  "unities" 
as  claimed  by  Professor  Drummond.  Jesus  in  his  day 
filled  his  talk  with  these  resemblances.  Would  he  not 
do  the  same  were  he  to  live  to-day,  in  this  age  of  steam 
and  telescope,  of  telegraph  and  electric  light }  Well 
for  the  Sunday-school  teacher  if  he  can  employ  even  to 
a  moderate  de^^ree  the  marvellous  and  exquisite  illustra- 
tions which  are  furnished  in  our  times  through  the  new 
unfoldings  of  science  and  the  discoveries  of  travel !  He 
should  be  able  to  make  use  of  the  material  supplied  by 
history,  by  literature,  by  art,  by  science,  and  thus  apply 
lessons  of  spiritual  truth  with  freshness,  variety,  wisdom, 
and  effectiveness. 

I  have  spoken  of  the  manner  in  which  the  biblical 
and  Sunday-school  normal  work  of  the  beginning  ex- 
panded imo  work  in  behalf  of  the  people  who  could  not 
be  drawn  or  held  by  merely  Sunday-school  studies  ;  into 
work  in  which  science  was  exalted  ;  into  work  by  which 


i 


34 


THE   CHA  UTA  L  Y?  I  'A   MO  VEMENT. 


day-school  and  Sunday-school  teachers  might  give  mu- 
tual help  ;  into  work  by  which  the  Sunday-school  teacher 
might  enter  into  fullest  sympathy  with  his  most  cultivated 
pupils,  who  are  most  familiar  with  the  busy  and  brainy 
world,  and  be  able  to  employ,  in  teaching  them  spiritual 
things,  the  rich  resources  of  the  literary  and  scientific 
world  which  are  to-day  so  e:..-'         'cessible. 

Chautauqua  took  one  farthe.   otep.     If  general  edu- 
cation be  a  good  thing  for  Sunday-school  and   other 
teachers ;   if   acquaintance    with    the   every-day   world, 
and  ability  to  grapple  its  forces  in  the  interests  of  our 
youth,  —  to  ward  off   evil   influences,  and   to   use   the 
good,  —  be  so  desirable  on  the  part  of  those  who  teach 
in  the  schools  one  hour  on  Sunday,  or  five  hours  a  day 
for  five  days  in  the  week  :  how  much  more  important 
is  it  that  we  reach  with  such  helpful  grace  the  homes 
in  which   children   live   for   seven   days   a  week,   and 
the  parents  whose  blood,  opinions,  personal  authority, 
and  unconscious  influence  mould  character,  fix  creeds, 
and  determine  all  the  radical  movements  of  early  life ! 
It  is  an  excellent  thing  to  inspire  and  direct  the  godly 
teacher  who  puts  his  power  into  one  hour  a  week,  and 
the  other  teachers  who  bring  their  influence  to  bear 
upon  youth  for  twenty  or  twenty-five  hours  a  v/eek  ;  but 
why  is  it  not  a  much  more  excellent  thing  to  take  a 
firm  hold,  in  wise  way  of  grasping,  upon  the  homes  and 
parents  who  settle  all  the  radical  questions  of  life  and 
character   by  a   positive,   a   never-ceasing   exercise   of 
power,  —  power  of  every  kind,  —  for  one  hundred  and 
sixty-eight  hours  a  week,  and  that  from  the  moment  of 
conception  to  the  years  of  manhood  and  womanhood  ? 
Why  shall  we  not  put  salt  of  healing  into  the  springs 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVBIMENT. 


35 


give  mu- 
)1  teacher 
ultivated 
id  brainy 
spiritual 
scientific 

3ral  edu- 
id   other 
y   world, 
ts  of  our 
use   the 
ho  teach 
irs  a  day 
nportant 
e  homes 
;ek,   and 
Lithority, 
c  creeds, 
irly  life ! 
le  godly 
eek,  and 
to  bear 
ek  ;  but 
take  a 
mes  and 
life  and 
rcise   of 
red  and 
ment  of 
mhood  ? 
springs 


of  Jericho  ?  Why  shall  we  not  capture  the  citadel  itself, 
and  establish  a  reign  of  religion  and  culture  and  love 
and  common-sense  in  the  homes  of  the  land?  These 
questions  came  to  Chautauqua.  They  must  come.  Such 
radical  work  as  she  attempted  could  not  stop  short  of 
the  most  radical  theories  and  agencies.  And  Chautau- 
qua made  answer  to  the  questions  to  which  her  initial 
work  gave  birth.  The  light  she  had  started  at  the  altar 
of  the  Sunday  school,  she  took  finally  with  bold  hand, 
and  lighted  every  one  of  the  seven  lamps  on  the  golden 
candlestick  in  that  "holy  place,"  —  the  Home.  The 
family  circle  was  made  a  school.  Books  were  brought 
in,  pictures  were  hung  up,  telescope  and  microscope 
were  adjusted,  the  Bible  was  opened,  the  fires  of  devo- 
tion on  the  home  altar  kindled,  and  full-grown  people 
were  set  at  work  reading,  talking,  teaching.  New  ideals 
were  conceived,  new  tastes  formed,  new  social  regula- 
tions enacted,  new  ambitions  for  the  middle-aged  and 
the  old  awakened,  and  home  was  made  an  accessory 
and  helper  to  school  and  church.  From  the  five  or  six 
hundred  elect  students  of  1874  who  crowded  the  normal 
tent  at  Chautauqua  for  two  weeks,  we  have  come  to  the 
more  than  one  hundred  thousand  readers,  who  for  fifty- 
two  weeks  in  the  year  turn  the  pages  of  useful  books, 
sing  songs  of  college  fellowship,  think  in  a  larger  world, 
and  worship  more  intelligently  the  Creator  and  Father 
of  the  race.  These  are  not  at  Chautauqua ;  but  have 
made  Chautauqua  centres  in  their  own  homes,  in  all 
parts  of  the  United  States,  in  Canada,  in  England,  in 
Russia,  in  India,  in  China,  in  Japan,  in  South  Africa, 
and  in  the  islands  of  the  Pacific.  From  such  small 
beginnings  we  trace  such  splendid  expansions. 


3<5 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


Children  at  Chautauqua  have  found  a  paradise,  and 
amidst  their  pleasures  they  have  learned  useful  lessons 
which  are  sure  to  help  them  everywhere  else  and  always. 
Chautauqua  is  a  veritable  kindergarten. 

When  from  this  great  army  of  readers  and  students 
gathered  by  Chautauqua,  there  come  a  few,  who,  unable 
to  attend  the  established  college,  covet  the  highest 
scholastic  and  professional  training,  with  rigid  examina- 
tions, deserved  promotions,  and  fairly-won  diplomas 
and  degrees,  Chautauqua  stands  ready  to  receive  and 
recognize  them,  to  give  guidance  at  every  stage  of  the 
educational  nrocess,  and  to  reward  fidelity  and  ability 
with  all  legitimate  college  and  university  honors.  Char- 
tered by  the  State  of  New  York,  Chautauqua  has  full 
right  to  foster  learning  by  the  instructions  and  recogni- 
tions  of  the  full-orbed  university. 

Such   is   the   simple   story   of    the   development   of 
Chautauqua,  by  which  it  has  become  other  than  it  was 
at  the  beginning.     From  the  movement  in   1874  have 
sprung  the  various  organizations  for  the  benefit  of  our 
large  constituency, —  organizations  for  the  education  of 
Sunday-school  teachers,  of   secular  teachers,  of  young 
people  in  school  and  young  people  out   of   school,  of 
full-grown  people  who  have  heretofore  cared  too  little 
for  any  school,  of  college  men  and  women  who  are  in 
danger  of  losing  the  impulse  and  benefit  of  the  school 
once  enjoyed,  and  for  the  help  of  homes,  communities, 
secular  schools,  and   churches.      We   have   the   great 
banyan-tree   with   its   bending   boughs   and    forest    of 
trunks,  all  from  the  original  stock  ;  and  these,  like  the 
banyan-tree,  have  taken  root  as  individual  and  yet  as 
united   institutions,  separate   rather  in  name   than   in 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


37 


organization,  —  all   under  one  administration,  and   yet 
meeting   the   demands   of  widely  differing  tastes  and 
preferences.     The   list    is   formidable,  but  the  depart- 
ments do  not   conflict.     The  work   is   one.     With   its 
wide  reach  of  purpose,  it  was  necessary  that  Chautau- 
qua should  project  the  lines  of  its  intention  in  plans 
and  departments,  that  the  world  might  see  its  magni- 
tude, and  that  the  full  territory  it  proposes  to  occupy 
might  be  pre-empted.     Until  this  projection  was  made, 
the  Chautauqua  idea  was  irrepressible.     And  now  Chau- 
tauqua with   its  variety  of  departments  is  not  like   a 
mere  pile  of  buildings,  with  additions,  lean-tos.  unrelated 
edifices,  and   other  after-thoughts,  the   results   of   un- 
manageable ingenuity.     It  is  a  growth  and  development, 
a  provision  according  to  the  highest  law,  to  meet  the 
necessities   which   called   it   into    existence.     In    this 
growth  of  twelve  years,  there  have  been  no  unnecessary 
additions.     To  have  omitted  any  of  them,  would  have 
made   Chautauqua  less   than  it  is ;  and  to  have  made 
Chautauqua  less  than  it  is,  would  have  been  a  mistake 
—  almost  a  disaster.     Because  of  the  broad  and  varied 
provisions  now  included  in  the  Chautauqua  movement, 
it  will  be  greater  and  stronger  for  all  time  to  come. 
Let  us  glance  at  the  long  list :  — 
"The   Chautauqua   Sunday-school    Normal    Depart- 
ment "  (now  known  as  "  The  Assembly  Normal  Union  "), 
for  the  training  of  officers  and  teachers,  the  increase 
of  interest  in  Sunday-school  teaching  among  the  youth 
of  the  present  who  are  to  be  the  teachers  of  the  future, 
and    for    the    promotion    of    teacher-training   by   our 
pastors. 

"The  Chautauqua  Teachers'  Retreat,"  for  the  bene- 


38 


TIIK  CHArrACQL'A   ifOVEMEXT. 


1* 


I. 


!   I. 


fit  of  secular  instructors,  who,  during  a  few  weeks  in 
the  summer,  may  be  quickened  into  new  enthusiasm  in 
their  profession,  and  assisted  in  efforts  for  self-improve- 
ment. 

"The  Chautauqua  Teachers'  Reading  Union,"  which 
provides  a  course  of  helpful  reading  and  study  for 
secular  teachers,  —  a  course  extending  through  several 
years. 

"The  Chautauqua  (Summer)  Schools  of  Language," 
(ancient  and  modern)  for  the  illustration  of  method  and 
the  discussion  of  principles  in  connection  with  linguis- 
tic work. 

"The  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle," 
for  the  promotion  of  reading-habits  among  all  classes 
of  people  at  their  homes  during  the  entire  year. 

"The  Chautauqua  Missionary  Institute,"  for  consulta- 
tion by  church  people  of  all  denominations,  touching 
home  and  foreign  missionary  work,  — its  importance 
and  demands. 

"The  Chautauqua  College  of  Liberal  Arts,"  for  the 
assistance  of  earnest  non-resident  students  who  are 
ambitious  to  win  college  honors  on  merit,  and  to  this 
end  desire  to  prosecute  most  thorough  courses  of  study, 
and  to  be  subjected  to  most  rigid  examinations. 
^  "Tne  Chautauqua  School  of  Theology,"  for  the  direc- 
tion of  ministers,  who,  in  connection  with  pastoral  work, 
wish  to  secure  a  training  as  complete  as  that  given  by 
any  other  theological  seminary. 

"The  Chautauqua  Book-a-Month  Reading  Circle," 
for  those  who  wish  to  read  in  general  literature  under 
wise  direction. 

"The  Chautauqua  Town  and  Country  Club,"  for  the 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  39 

training  of  people,  young  and  old,  in  the  habits  of  ob- 
serving  and  recording  the  phenomena  of  the  physical 
world,  with  a  view  to  practical  experience  in  agricuL  e 
and  in  the  affairs  of  every-day  life. 
^  "The  Chautauqua  Society  of  Fine  Arts,"  for  teach- 
ing by  correspondence  and  home  practice  the  several 
branches  ot  art. 

"The  Chautauqua   Young  Folks'    Reading  Union" 

TJaTT""^  f  ""^"^  ^'^""^  P^"P^^  ^he  habit  of  reading 
good  books  at  home.  ^ 

"The  Chautauqua  Boys'  and  Girls'  Class,"  held  daily 
at  Chautauqua  during  the  Assembly,  for  training  the 
t^:^   choose   to  attend,   in   Bible   facts'  and 

"The  Chautauqua  Temperance  Classmates."  for  giv- 
ing lessons  during  the  Assembly,  in  the  philosophy  and 
ethics  of  the  temperance  reform.  ^ 

"The  Chautauqua  Society  of  Christian  Ethics " 
holding  a  Sunday-after  aoon  session  at  Chautauqua  dur- 
ing the  season,  for  presenting  to  youth  the  ethical  side 
of  Christian  teaching. 

Zl^^  Chautauqua   Look-Up  Legion,"   a   branch   of 
the  Harry  Wadsworth  Ten  Times  One  Club 

"The  Chautauqua  Cadets,"  a  semi-military  organiza- 
tion for  boys,  designed  to  promote  physical  training. 

The  Chautauqua  Calisthenics  Corps,"  for  the  physi- 
cal  training  of  girls. 

xlJ^l^^TTT  ""'''"'  '^'^'^'"S  Circle,"  for  the 
of  mufic  ""^  °"  "'^  '"'""■>' '""'  P'>"°^°Pl'y 

J'w^y   Chautauqua  Intermediate  Class,"  for  the  study 
of  biblical  themes  by  persons  who  do  not  care  to  take 


40 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  \fOVEMENT, 


up   the    normal   branch    of    the     •'  Assembly    Normal 
Union." 

•'The  Chautauqua  American  Church  School  of 
Church  Work,"  for  the  training  of  ministers  and  lay- 
men in  a  broad  and  comprehensive  system  of  practical 
theology. 

"The  Chautauqua  Press,"  which  embraces  all  publi- 
cations, periodical  and  permanent,  issued  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Chautauqua  University  in  any  of  its 
departments. 

These  associations,  with  more  or  less  compactness 
of  organization,  enlist  a  variety  of  people.  They  are 
under  one  general  management,  are  wisely  classified, 
as  will  be  seen  later  on,  and  are  so  adjusted  as  not  at 
all  to  clash  with  each  other.  Persons  interested  in  any 
one  branch  of  study  or  effort  find  it  more  to  their  liking 
to  have  a  department  under  the  auspices  of  which  that 
single  branch  may  be  taken  up  and  pursued.  Having 
completed  one,  they  find  it  pleasant  to  begin  another, 
and  become  in  the  transitions  identified  with  successive 
departments  of  the  one  great  Chautauqua  work. 

The  movement  at  Chautauqua  soon  brought  into 
existence  similar  assemblies.  PYom  Chautauqua  came 
other  Chautauquas.  These  were  in  some  cases  new 
meetings  called  from  the  beginning  "Assemblies."  In 
other  cases  they  were  meetings  of  the  Chautauqua 
type,  held  on  old  camp-grounds  before  or  after  the  regu- 
lar annual  camp-meeting,  or  taking  one  or  more  days 
from  the  camp-meeting  period  for  Chautauqua  exercises. 

The  alphabetical  list  of  these  "  other  Ch.tutauquas  " 
is  g'ven  below,  with  the  date  of  organization,  or,  at 
least,  of  the  recognition  of   the  Chautauqua  idea  and 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ., 

Circle).  ^'^'^'^'    ('^'■^"'■■""l"»   Literary  and  Scientific 
"Acton-Park  Assembly,"  i„  in,,ia„„,  .^g 

"Bay  View,"  Pctosliey,  Mich. 

"Canby  Camp.ground,"  at  Canby,  Ore.,  ,885 

I.on^  B      r"'    ^^'^""^^^  °f    Soutliern    Ca  ifornia " 
Long  Beach,  near  Los  Angeles.  Cal.,  ,  884  ' 

(C.S,"fS  ^"^"'"^•■'    ''"'^'    ^^'-    '-.     '^^6 
_^;'Florida   Chautauqua,"   De   Funiak    Springs,    Fla., 

''Imerlttf.T'^^uT"'''^'"  Longlake,  Mich.,  ,885 

'■   slan:i  P   t  f '"'''^'     °""*'''  Kan.,  .  880.  ' 

I^'and-Park  Assembly,"  Rome  City,  Ind  ,  i87q 

Kan!r88^  "^"""''^'"^P-^Pa'  Asselly," 'in,,, 

"Key-East  Assembly,"  Key  East   NT    tS«, 
;;Lake.Bluff  Assembly."  Uk!  Kulil'''^' 
Lakeside  Encampment,"  Lakeside,  O.,  ,877 
__  Lakeview  Assembly,"  r,zenovia,  N  Y 

Mahtomed,  Assembly,"  Mahtomedi,  Minn.,  ,883 
^^^Mame    Chautauqua    Assembly,"    Fr,ebu;g,    l^e., 

"Maplewood-Park  Assembly,"  Waseca,  Minn ,  ,88, 
Monona-Lake  Assembly."  Madison.  Wis.,  ,882 


42 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


i 


"Nebraska  Sunday-school  Assembly,"  Crete,  Neb 
1882. 

"New -England    Sunday-school  Assembly,"    South 
Framingham,  Mass.,   1880. 

"North-western    Chautauqua,"    Lake    Minnetonka, 
Minn.,   1879. 

"Ocean  Grove,"  N.J.,*i885. 
"Pacific  Grove,"  Monterey,  Cal,  1879. 
"  Piasa-Bluff s  Assembly,"  Illinois,  1885. 
"Pine-Tree  C.L.S.C,"  Maranocook,  Me.,  1885. 
"Point -Chautauqua    Baptist    Union,"    Point    Chau, 
tauqua,  N.Y.,   1878. 

"Puget-Sound  Assembly,"  Puget  Sound,  W.T.,  1885. 
"Round-Lake  Assembly,"  Round  Lake,  N.Y.,  1878. 
"South-Africa  Chautauqua  Assembly,"  Cape  Colony, 
Africa,  1885. 

"Sunday-school  Parliament,"  Thousand  Islands,  N.Y. 

"Tawawa  Theological,  Scientific,  and  Literary  Asso- 
ciation," Wilberforce,  O.,  1883. 

"Texas  Chautauqua,"  San  Marcos,  Tex.,  1885. 

"Washington  Court-House  Assembly,"  camp-ground 
near  Washington  Court-House,  O.,  1885. 

"Yosemite  Assembly,"  in  Yosemite  Valley,  Cal: 
held  only  session  in   1879. 

The  expansion  of  the  Chautauqua  work  is  not  to  be 
fully  estimated  without  taking  into  our  thought  the 
wide  reach  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  the  local  circles  and  pri- 
vate members  of  which  report  to  the  central  office  at 
Plainfield,  N.J.,  from  the  Dominion  of  Canada;  from 
the  island  of  Japan,  where  there  are  a  thousand  mem- 
bers ;  from  mission-stations  in  China,  India,  Bulgaria, 
Syria,  Mexico,  and  Central  America ;  from  Persia,  Rus= 


\ 


ij 


•i 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  43 

w.^h^lTirdf  "^'"''  '~"^"'''  ''^''^''  -"  *«  Sand- 
Thus  into  all  lands  have  the  lines  extended      The 
Chautauqua  idea  is  emphatically  "a  touch  ofNature 
that  makes  the  whole  world  kin.'' 


II 


44 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


\. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

TN  the  study  of  the  ••  Chautauqua  Idea,"  as  develonerf 
1  m  the  mstitutions  outlined  in  the  last  chapte 'T„h 
to  be  more  fully  described  in  this  and  succeed^  chap 

streno-th   irrl  T  ^'  ^''''"^  '^  ^  ^^^^ce  to  draw 

strength   from  its  external   conditions,  to  "  ultimate " 

conceptions  n  action,  to  experiment  with  r  w  ma L 
rial,  to  command  the  attentirn  ann  «i-  -^  .i. 
dation  on  which  ^ood  tM„      .u  '  ""^  commen- 

aim  and  energy  toXvaret^v  of      %'"'  '"  ^<^^P'  "^ 
with  Which  it'^roposed  to  dill      '""''  '"'  ~"'^'"°- 

feet  above  the  sea     CrJ    f^    "^  '''"'■''^"  ''""^^d 


^e  habit  of 
'■  weariness 


veloped 
ter,  and 
?  chap- 
:self,  — 
t  as  an 
it  must 
It  in  a 
whole- 
odraw 
mate  " 
mate- 
nmen- 
pt  its 
litions 

lutiful 
ce  to 
been 
idred 
>rests 
large 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  45 

twf  hundrld  veL  L""""'  ""',  "'"''  ''"""«  'he  past 
.oved  and  t^^,^^^  ct^J^-^ 
There  are  strange  traditions  lingering  hS\^T  I 
«.e  s„„„,oning  of  so.e  genius  ^ho  fhal    dL  ftthTm 

It  is  interesting  to  trace  tlie  clianges  in  the  name 

h?drrror.r:sr^"' ^"'^"-'-" ''- 

^r  ..Chat.al':r"  '"xldX:.'.  ^"^:^^da7ot^: 
que',   unt'ta  r        •"  "  ^''^'-g'-q-."  "  Chaitau- 

a.:;:h:'in-:r^riii".f-^^-i-- 

though  the  word  Chautauqua  .a^^^  sig'n  fy  Ts'  ZZ 
assert  "the  foggy  place."  It  is^he  place  "hLVu™" 
r„:f o"Vsh  ^•'%'"'-P-'--  °f  soL.     Thf abt. 

Point,  feaving  tw^n^s  ^  ^thTir  aLf  ."n  1 

together"      ?  T    ''^  '^^^''"  "'  "'"«  ""^-^'"^  'ied 

C«ZLJ      T'  '.'   ''  ^°"   "'"•    Chautauqua   is 
CHAUTAUQUA,  a  place  of  clear  light,  of  uplift,  of  abun- 


46  THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

since '  Art ''niir^l"""^"'"'  ''^  "-^fi^ent  ministries 
waters     Tr^Jf''!!''"*'  F"'"'™   "^  *«   ^'''^  »f  these 
wnn  loiiage.     The  old  trees  stand  like  venerable  riant, 
w,  h  as  much  of  hope  as  of  memory  in  their  hTat,' 
and  m  their  annual  robe  of  verdure  forget  that  for  so 
many  years  they  have  watched  the   coming  and   the 
going  of  the  seasons.     Young  trees  that  have  grown  a 
do^en  years  older  since  the  first  Chautauqua  sonTbToke 
the  silence  are  now  stately  and  beautiful,  ready  to  be 
witnesses  for  a  hundred  years  of  the  strange  th'ngs  to 
be  done  here  and  of  which  we,  who  are  lofking  afout 
for  graves,  only  dream  now.     The  lake  -  who  sLftel 

™  when\r"r  ^"'  ^™^"^'  ''^  '^"^  — 'S" 

01  unrest  when  the  fierce  winds  come  down  in  nowt 

give  and  forget ;  its  sweet  answers  to  the  toying  breeze  ■ 
s  splendor  when  the  moon  flings  a  robe  of'sifve":; 

as  Chrlt'"    I  '""•  "^''"S  "  ^  ™'^^-'  --eio-es  in  1      ' 
(as  Chrst  in  the  true  saints)  because  it  faithfullv  rl 
fleets  his  own  glorious  image '  ^ 

Obed  Edson,  Esq.,  of  Chautauqua  County,  in  an  ex 
c  edmgly  mteresting  historical  sketch  of  Chlutauqua 
published  m  "The  Continent"  for  Aue   22   rXS, 
cords  the  following  legend  of  Lake  Chautfuqu;  ^IJl 
Indians   once   encamped    upon    its   shore       A 

maiden  of  the  party,  hLinge^ten  of  at  growtgCn 
.ts  banks  which  created  great  thirst,  stooped  to  drink 
the  nanr"\"'"^"  ''^  disappeared  forever.  Hence 
the  name  signifying  -the  place  of  easy  death,-  or  'where 


THE  CHAtrTAUQUA   MOVE,\lENT.  47 

one  vanishes  away.'"     One  might  gi.e  to  this  legend 

the  later  Chautauqua  would  appear, -ministries  under 
the  power  of  which,  deep  soul-thirst  is  excited  and  then 

hTed      'r^'  '""  ''''  '^^"^'f'  -l^-'h  made  "easy  " 

"rtt^'h»^     vamshtng  away,"  and  an  entrance  into  the 
rest  that  remaineth. 

Art  has  not  altogether  been  useless,  although  more 
than  once  unw.se.  Penuriousness  has  sometime!  spdied 
Imes  and  angles,  and  mixed  bad  colors;  stupidity  has 
blundered  mto  sad  combinations  and  contrasts:  but  on 
the  whole,  Art  has  clasped  hands  with  Nature  anH 
made  the  place  Chautauqua  a  lovely  and  fiSt'abrr 
nacle  for  the  Chautauqua  Idea.  ^ 

There  is  a  Chautauqua  within  Chautauqua     To  see 
h.s  other  Chautauqua,  one  must  have  eyes!- eyeT that 
look  ,nto  the  innermost  things.     He  mus    see  beyond 
groves  and  crowds,  beyond  lake  and  sky,  beyond  build 
ngs  and  programmes.     He  must  be  able  to  see  nece  si 

'ol!        '?'■  '"'  ^P'"'"''"' '"  'he  individual  and    n 
society,   tendencies  of  thought,   forces   of  conviction 
pressures  of  desire  and  ambition,  the  conflict  o    new 
and   old  civilizations   in   the   personal  life,  as  circum 
stances  brmg  a  man  face  to  face  with  the  new,  while  yet 
from  habit  and  feeling  he  is  held  half-slave  by  the  oil 

He  who  sees  Chautauqua  must  understand  the  rela- 
tions (not  generally  understood,  and  to  which  I  have 
already  called  attention)  between  gracious  culture  and 
the  rough,  un^sthetic  services  which  people  must  render 
each  other  and  their  own  lives  in  this  world -erv-ces 
of  feeding  and  clothing  and  cleaning  and  housSg  - 


48 


fi    f 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


aiuuio  or  a     poet  s  frenzied  mood."     He  mn«t  fi«^       . 

hat  high  and  ,ow,  noble  and  ignoble,  a"e  rXle  em^ 

that  a  kitchen  mav  for  a  tj«,«  ^^^i-ivecerms, 

hands  dabble  in  ^.^,  i:'Z^^,:: ^^t  ct"^ 
'^hoes  tread  rough  floors.     She  may   eVve  her  ^nf 
and  treasure  the  pittance  they  give  her  to  buv  b-t"?' 
her  brain  life ;  at  leas,  that  portion  of  the  p^ance'shl 
does  not  need  to  fpprl  fK«  f^  \  P"tance  she 

upon  her.     Wen  crow'  "'"P'"  "'■°  ^^^"^^ 

readjustment  of  reS:  Zx  T  T'  '  ""^^"""^ 
little  neighborhoodsr^ll^n't^r,^;,^^^^ 
Chautauquans  with  eyes  see  the  distinctions  in  .A 

nea.herd.:C'..rfo:eleaotTr::dr'rb;  T 
b^clc  may  be  a  king.  -  boot-blaclc  an^tg  fotn  1" 
once.  Human  eyes  see  only  the  black  hands  "natch^H 
knees,  and  crouching  form,  that  bespeak  'servilt 
There  are  eyes  that  can  see  deeper  and  ferther  W 
>ng  s8  much,  they  extend  a  hand  of  greetl!  rtt 
kmgs  and  saints  converse.  greeting.     Then 

Chautauquans  believe  in  wealth  when  honesty  win, 

thropic  motives  direct  it,  ^^^^rent,  and  philan^ 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  AfOVEMENT.  49 

Chautauquans  are  believers  in  a  common  brotherhood, 

and  hold"      '.'-■""""i^t^-"     They  are  open  to  truth 
and  hold  an  inhentance  in  all  truth,  and  are  subjec 

ttCsr*™"'-      «"-^^^  -  not  boastful  /ree. 

"  Realms  remote,  mysterious,  divine," 

dogmatizing  and  denouncing.     They  believe  in  truth, 
God,  and  humanity.     They  seek  the  ilrst,  rejoice  in  the 
.second,  and  serve  the  third. 

These  are  some  of  the  ideas  which  belong  to  the 
Chautauqua  movement,  the  thoughts  within  the  things, 
the  heones  of  which  phenomenal  Chautauqua  is  a 
visible  expression.  100 

There  is  a  Chautauqua  farther  on.  First,  there  is  a 
lake  level;  and  just  above  it  is  the  level  of  the  "Point  " 
with  Its  pleasant  grass,  its  winding  walks,  its  old  Audi- 
torium,  shaded  and  hallowed  with  memories  that  have 
grown  through  multiplying  years.  The  old  cottages 
and  many  of  the  old  cottagers,  remain  about  this  Audi! 
torium, -reminders  of  the  old  times,  and  the  oldest 
times,  of  Chautauqua,  when  the  first  vesper  service 
announced    that   "The   Day   Goeth   Away,"   and   the 

T'^\7u  ^l^' '"  '^''^'■"  ^^"S  out  under  these  forest 
arches  Who  that  was  there  can  ever  forget  that  hour> 
The  altars  were  aglow  that  night,  and  hearts  on  fire. 
It  was  an  experiment,  but  from  the  first  it  was  an 
assured  success.  The  time  will  come  when  the  remain 
>ng  sharers  in  that  first  feast  in  the  evening  light  will 

.M^^  vn  "'  ,*.'  '^^'  °'  '''^™  "'»  receie^onor, 
and  the  children  of  Chautauqua  will  listen  to  their  storv^ 
as  with  quivering  lips  and  kindling  eye  thev  speak  =.ho„t 


50 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


■±^ ' 


that  first  evening  under  the  trees,  the  words  ^hat  broke 
the  sacred  silence,  the  songs  that  bore  praise  and 
wonder  and  joy  to  the  heavens,  and  the  friendships  that 
were  formed  there  never  to  be  broken. 

How  many  who  joined  in  the  first  Chautauqua  service 
have  already  "fallen  on  sleep,"  and  gone  out  into  a 
world  sleepless  and  without  nightfall,  where  for  vesper 
chant  are  substituted  the  hallelujahs  of  an  eternal 
morning ! 

But  let  us  go  up  higher.  Beyond  the  Point  and 
Auditorium  level,  are  the  terraces  that  run  along  the 
hillside,  one  above  another,  gardens  and  cottages,  with 
pathways  and  winding  roads,  leading  up  under  welcome 
shadows  to  a  higher  Chautauqua,  —  a  long  stretch  of 
table-land  crowned  now  with  Temple  and  Chapel,  Pyra- 
mid, Normal  Hall,  Museum,  and  Hall  of  Philosophy  • 
while  beyond,  in  the  open  fields  toward  the  north,  we 
reach  the  highest  point  of  our  Assembly  grounds,  one 
of  the  highest  on  the  lake. 

Thus  from  the  landing  and  the  beginning  of  our 
journey  we  ascend  from  the  lowest  to  the  highest,  and 
find  beauty,  delight,  pleasant  welcomes  and  rewards,  all 
the  way. 

This  study  in  the  lay  of  the  land  which  makes  the 
physical  Chautauqua  is  an  allegory.  There  is  an  upper 
Chautauqua ;  and  not  all  who  visit  the  place  see  it,  and 
not  all  who  become  Chautauquans  reach  it. 

The  Chautauqua  movement  is  progressive,  and  its 
friends  and  students  are  expected  to  make  advancement 
m  the  line  of  its  conceptions  and  provisions.  It  has 
court  beyond  court,  in  which  it  unfolds  its  progressive 
aims,  and  introduces  its  disciples  to  the  higher  privi- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT  51 

leges  of  culture  which  it  provides.  No  fences  or  lines 
mark  these  successive  stages.  They  do  not  correspond 
with  the  topographical  elevations,  although  we  have 
found  m  the  one  a  figure  or  symbol  of  the  other  But 
such  gradation  exists,  and  I  shall  point  it  out. 

The  Chautauqua  University  embraces  the  follow- 
ing  departments :  — 

I.  — The  Chautauqua  Assembly. 

1.  The  Summer  Meetings  at  Chautauqua. 

2.  The  Sunday-school  Normal  Department. 

3.  The  Schools  of  Language. 

4.  The  Chautauqua  Teachers'  Retreat. 

II.  — The  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific 
Circle. 

in.  — The  Chautauqua  College  of  Liberal  Arts 
formerly  known  as  "The  Chautauqua  University,"  and 
with  powers  as  provided  in  its  charter. 

IV.  —The  Chautauqua  School  of  Theology,  with 
purposes  and  powers  as  in  its  charter, 
v.— The  Chautauqua  Press. 
The  Chautauqua  Assembly  was  the  original  title 
of  the  Summer  Meeting,  and  is  the  present  title  recog- 
nized in  the  Chautauqua  Charter.     The  first  "Assem- 
bly    began  on  the  first  Tuesday  evening  of  August 
1874;  and  from  that  time  the  "Assembly"  has  opened 
at  the  same  date.  When  "  Church  Congress,"  "  Scientific 
Congress,"  "  Missionary  Institute,"  etc.,  were  introduced 
they  came  "before  the  Assembly," -the  "Saturday  be- 
fore    or  the  "Thursday  before;"  but  the  central  date 
ot  the  Chautauqua  calendar  has  always  been  the  "As 
sembly  opening,"  which  everybody  at  all  enlightened  in 
the  ways  of  Chautauqua  knows  to  be  "the  first  Tuesday 


S3 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEAfENT. 


if 


III; 


evening  in  August."     When  the  "Teachers'  Retreat" 
and  the  "Schools  of  Language"  were  opened  two  or 
three  weeks  before  the  "Assembly,"  the  "Assembly 
opening"  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  August  was  reco- 
nized  as  the  pivotal  time-point  of  the  whole  summer's 
work.     The  Saturday  before  the  first  Tuesday  is  called 
!^  r  ^f  r'f """  Celebration."      The  "  Anniversary  of 
^-  ^'  I-    (Chautauqua  Missionary  Institute)  comes 
on  Monday  before  the  first  Tuesday  in  August  •   the 
great  "  Missionary  Day,"  Thursday  after  the  first  Tues- 
day in  August;  "C.  L.  S.  C.  Inauguration  Day,"  first 
Saturday  after  the  first  Tuesday  in  August;  "Denomi- 
national  Congress  and  Look-up  Legion  Day,"  second 
Wednesday  after  the  first  Tuesday  in  August ;  "Alumni 
Re-union  and  Illuminated  Fleet  Day,"  second  Thursday 
after  the  first  Tuesday  in  August ;  and  so  on,  and  so 
on.     And  even  now,  where  "Preliminary  Week"  eives 
us  with  C.  T.  R.  and  C.  S.  L.,  a  whole  month  before 
the  first  Tuesday  in  August,"  all  eyes   turn  toward 
that  date  as  the  great  and  brilliant  annual  opening  of 
the    Chautauqua  Assembly."   Formerly  the  "big  bells  " 
did  not  ring  until  that  evening ;  the  rigid  laws  of  retir-  ' 
mg  and  rising  did  not  come  in  force  until  then ;  the 
most  distinguished  guests  did  not  appear  on  the  plat- 
form before  that ;  and  on  the  first  Tuesday  evening  of 
August,  the  great  crowds  came  from  the  regions  round 
about  sure  of  a  tempest  of  song  and  merriment,  of  wit 
and  eloquence,  on  the  auditorium  platform  under  the 
trees,  and  later  in  the  great  Amphitheatre  of  Chau- 
tauqua. 

Nor  has   the   glory  departed.     Whatever  may  have 
been  the  attractions  of  the  platform  during  the  month 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


53 


of  July,  everybody  in  the  vicinity  of  Chautauqua  expects 
a  larger  audience  and  a  more  intense  enthusiasm  on 
"the  first  Tuesday  evening  in  August"  than  at  any 
previous  time.  Old  Chautauquans  manage  to  "be  at 
the  opening."  Old  residents  along  the  lake  run  up 
"for  the  opening ;  "  and  there  are  men  and  women  who 
always  rise  that  evening  when  the  call  is  made  for  "all 
who  have  been  present  at  every  opening  since  1874." 
As  the  years  go  by,  and  richer  programmes  fill  the  July 
season,  this  furor  over  the  "o]Dening"  will  somewhat 
abate;  but  for  all  time  there  must  gather  about  the 
"first  Tuesday  evening  in  August"  at  Chautauqua  a 
peculiar  charm,— the  charm  woven  of  precedent  and 
antiquity  and  association. 

The  Summer  Meeting  with  its  "Preliminary  Week  " 
its  "C  T.  R.,"  «C.  S.  L.,"  "Assembly,"  and  "After- 
week,"  IS  the  popular  side  of  Chautauqua, —the  first 
point  of  approach  to  this  remarkable  educational  centre. 
It  is  the  outer  court,  open  to  the  whole  world.     It  has 
no  restraints  upon  the  incomers,  save  those  which  are 
necessary  to  guarantee  a  financial  support  to  the  insti- 
tution, and  those  rules  of  ordinary  decorum  which  are 
essential  to  the  quiet  enjoyment  and  profit  of  those 
who  pay  their  tribute  and  wait  for  the  promised  com- 
pensation.    And  this  compensation  comes  in  lectures 
on  the  widest  range  of  topics,  from  the  "  Philosophy  of 
Locke  and  Berkeley"  to  the  light  and  cheery  discus- 
sions about  "  Fools  and  their  Folly ; "  music  in  all  its 
torms,— stringed  instruments  and  organs;  concerts  by 
gifted  artists  ;  characterizations  by  rare  impersonators  ; 
Illustrations  of  life  and  manners  in  remote  regions,  by 
the  aid  of  costumers  and  tableaux  vi':,n.,fs  •   of^v,-^'   ^f 


III! 


54  THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT, 

travel,  with  photographic  accompaniments  colored,  mag- 
model'/  f^'^^-'-^'^  wanderings  among  fountains, 
models,  and  museums;  uninterpreted  chatter  from 
c  asses  m  Latin,  Greek.  French,  German,  Hebrew,  An- 

School  of  Oratory;  sermons  by  able  ministers;  lessons 
by  competent   teachers;    attractions   for  light-hearted 
youth  and  wearied  but  rational  age.  in  bonfires,  banners 
processions,   fireworks,  illuminated   fleets, -these  are 
the  features  of  the  outer  court  of  Chautauqua,  for  the 
entertainment,  awakening,  and   broadening  of  people 
who  come  with  no  far-reaching  or  serious  purpose,  but 
who   come   to  ''hear"  and  ''see"  and   have  "a  good 
time^      They  are   simply   recipients.     The  will-power 
lies  dormant,  save  as  some  stirring  statement  of  lecture 
or  sermon,  or  some  unsyllabled  passage  in  music,  opens 
the  soul  to  the  worlds  all  about  it  replete  with  marvel 
beauty,  and  power.     So  much  for  the  outer  Chautauqua' 
There  are  those  who  see  this,  -onl}  this  and  nothing 
more.     They  come   and   go.     They  wonder  why  thev 
and  others  come,  and  yet  they  think  they  may  come 
again -but  are  not  sure.     They  do  not  forget  Chau- 
tauqua, and  they  do  not  "go  wild  "  over  it.    They  smile 
at   other  people,  whom   they  call  "fanatics"  because 
they  are  full  of  it,  and  "bound  to  come  again,"  and  to 
come  every  year,"  and  always,  and  "would  be  willing 
to  live  there."  ® 

The  Chautauqua  Missionary  Institute  belongs  to 
the  "  Summer-Meeting  "  department.  It  was  organized 
in  18/8,  and  begins  regularly  on  the  Saturday  preced- 
ing "the  first  Tuesday  in  August,"  and  lasts  for  four 
or  five  days.     All  aspects  of  the  missionary  question 


3' 


ed,  mag- 
luntains, 
er  from 
ew,  An- 
s  in  the 

lessons 
hearted 
)anners, 
ese  are 

for  the 

people 
)se,  but 
a  good 
I-power 
lecture 
,  opens 
narvel, 
auqua. 
othing 
Y  they 

come 
Chau- 

smile 
2cause 
and  to 
i^illing 

igs  to 
mized 
'eced- 
'  four 
Jstion 


i' 


r//£  CHACrAL/Ql/A  MOVEMEIVT.  5, 

are^^discussed  by  ™en  and  w„„e„  of  the  several  denom- 

The  Chautauqua  American  Churph   Qp„„ 
Chukch  Work,  for  the  training  of  rmen  and    'in°' 
ters  in  principles  and  methods  of  chSlfe  and  w    t 
suggested  by  Ur.  George  P.  Havs  of  Dentt  Pnl         ' 
conducted  during  the  season  of  ,885  b^  Rev  Dr  ',7 

sefeS  ^rr:rj:rons^^.:~^^^^^ 

of  Christian  Ethics;"  ''The  Look-Up  Legion  ''"Th^ 
Chautauqua  Cadets  • "  and  "Th^  ru  .  ^^6^°"  >  The 
Corps."  '  ^^^  Chautauqua  Calisthenic 

As^bly  ,He  Wedtd^lC  t^^rX- 

bS' Jot  r  re  ibtt :  boir  r'^^--  -■ 

of  books;  in  Bible  historv  hi.        u      '  ^"'^  ^'  ^  ''°°'' 

-ines,  etc, ;  in  meUriS  sSi''ar;r '''  '°'=- 
practical  life  _Iaw=  nf         ^'^"P™re  and   hymns;   in 

certificate  for  e  cWrade"  if"^'  ''^P""'"^"''  «'^-     A 

answers  eighty  per  cent  of  .^^"""  '°  '"^  P"""  "^^ 

competitive^,^ze' Lrgte„f  rthrh''°"K'  '"'  ">^^^ 
tion-papers   presented  ^r;    !         '^^  ''"'  ^'^■"i"^'- 

Lecturesillustrrtedbvcol  u"''"^   '"   '^^^  ^'^^s. 

by  models.  asTjetutCpaTe's  LTe^odrT"  ''";' 

:::•  m^i:^rj'i— ^,  -.nm^^'es^b;  tt:  c^s 

..  ame  .u  ume  through  the  Park  of  Pales- 


56 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


tine,  under  the  direction  of  experienced  tourists  who 
have  visited  and  studied  the  actual  Canaan. 

The  Temperance  Classmates  meet  for  ten  or  twelve 
recitations  during  the  Assembly,  giving  attention  to 
educational  topics  which  bear  on  the  "Temperance 
cause." 

The  Society  of  Christian  Ethics  meets  at  four 
o'clock  every  Sunday  afternoon  during  the  season,  in 
the  "  Temple,"  and  with  closed  doors  ;  only  young  peo- 
ple between  twelve  and  twenty-one  years  of  age  ad- 
mittted.  Topics  relating  to  every-day  life  and  duty  are 
discussed:  "Duties  of  young  people  to  mother,"  "to 
father,"  "to  very  old  people,"  "to  very  young  people, 
—  the  babies  and  very  little  children  of  the  household  ; " 
"The  place  of  conscience  in  day-school  work ; "  "The 
care  of  the  body;"  "Self-respect;"  "Social  amuse- 
ments;" "Conscience  in  the  parlor;"  "Habits  of 
reading;"  etc. 

The  Look-Up  Legion  is  one  of  the  many  forms 
which  the  "Ten  Times  One"  idea  of  Dr.  Edward 
Everett  Hale  has  assumed,  and  is  devoted  to  the  en- 
forcement and  illustration  of  his  now  famous  motto: 
"Look  up,  and  not  down  ;  Look  out,  and  not  in ;  Look 
forward,  and  not  back ;  and,  Lend  a  hand." 

The  Cadets  and  Calisthenic  Corps  are  designed 
to  promote  physical  training  during  the  season  at  Chau- 
tauqua, and  thus  to  render  the  place  more  attractive 
and  profitable  to  the  young  people  who  spend  the 
summers  with  us. 

The  Sunday-school  Normal  Department,  now 
known  as  the  "  Chautauqua  Assembly  Normal  Union," 
was  the  basis  of  the  original   Chautauqua  Assembly, 


•A 


"  "to 


now 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  „ 

and  its  course  of  atudy  the  samp  fh.f  u    ,  ,. 

by  the  Sunday-schooi'union  of  the  M^i  'r"  ''°P'^'' 
pal    Church,    and    by   represent,  ,      ""!'°'''^'-Episco- 

Sunday-school  organ^.atts  "       farthe'r  ?   '-"   """ 
IS  a  matter  of  record  development 

^S'^^^ST^,^^:^^  Asse.My..  i„ 

Class  Lessons"  was  appoined.  That""''  °'  ^""^' 
a  report,  which  was  unTnirously  adold  T'""  "^'^ 
of  persons  of  all  denomi„atio„/i„terestert  '     T''"^ 

""^^^^  ''''  ^^p°«  °p-s  as  fdi:;:  !^  ■"  "^^  "- 

efficiency  rthTw'oToTTo '"'rf'   """°™''^'  -^ 
Sabbath-school  terhl  ""''  '"«™ction  for 

tions  of  Chri    i  n'  tie  unT"^-  ''"V'"""'  ''^"°'"'«- 

bers  of  ten  clifferrtnoSfors^rcr'"^^^  '"^"'- 
Pointed  at  the   ChautauQ„rQ    ?         Christians,  ap- 

Au..  8,  ,876,  fort" purpose  rr  "'  ''"^'""'' 
course  of  normal  class  lessons  and  '^"'^"'""ending  a 
of  operations  and  plans  "^"'i:;^^;^""^  ^  ^asis 
report:-—  ^'S^nization,    respectfully 

thr^c^uXT  crsT^f'Te^^""'- '» "^  -"^d 

Lessons;'  the  tLe  of  each  ,        ''""'^'^°°'   N°™-' 
tween  the  consideLion     ^  ttr"  Bibl  ''  f  ^'^"^  ''^- 
tents,^and  the  -theory  and  ptticf  fteTcti";."-. 
ine  Chautauqua  Course  nf  c  uu    ,   ^^^^^^^S- 

4      L^ourse  of  Sabbath-school  Normal 

*  Names  of   the   CommittPP  •   t    u    t,. 
(Luth),  Richard   Newton   (P  E )    J    d   r"''"'  ^''■^•^'  ^-  ^-  Kuhns 
(Pres.).  W.  Knox  (Pres )  O  nU\u'       °^^'  ^^•^■)'  ^mes  M'Nab 
Prcs.),  Charles  RhoLds   Bap.')  O  fT^  ^"H^^-^'  ^^  J'  ^^^^  (Cumb 
ham  (M.E.  South).  ^^  ■*'  ^'  ■^'  P'^^'brey  (Cong.),  W.  G,  E.  C«nnj^g* 


II 


58 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


K    <.! 


Lessons  may  be  adopted  and  used  by  any  church, 
society,  union,  association,  or  institution  of  learning. 

"We  recommend  that  normal  classes  organizing  to 
study  the  Chautauqua  Course  of  Sabbath-school  Nor- 
mal Lessons  appoint  a  local  committee  of  instruction, 
who  shall  have  charge  of  the  work  of  the  class,  con- 
duct examinations,  and  who  may  issue  diplomas  to 
graduates. 

*'  Normal  classes  who  desire  to  issue  diplomas  may 
obtain  them  from  the  Chautauqua  Committee,  with 
the  heading  *  Chautauqua  Sabbath-school  Normal  Class 
Diploma,'  and  upon  which  may  be  placed  the  stamp 
or  name  of  the  church,  society,  union,  association,  or 
institution  of  learning,  with  which  the  class  is  con- 
nected ;  these  diplomas  to  be  signed  by  the  local  com- 
mittee of  instruction. 

"  Normal  classes  organizing  to  study  the  Chautauqua 
Course  of  Sabbath-school  Normal  Lessons  are  requested 
to  forward  to  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Vincent,  805  Broadway, 
New  York,  Superintendent  of  Instruction  at  Chautau- 
qua, a  statement  of  the  name,  location,  church  relation, 
numbers,  and  committee  of  instruction,  thereof,  to  be 
filed  and  preserved." 

"Normal  Praxes"  were  required  in  this  normal  sys- 
tem,—  a  series  of  practice-exercises  in  writing,  on  the 
several  processes  of  the  teacher's  work  :  thinking,  mem- 
orizing, finding  central  and  root  thoughts,  word-pictur- 
ing, analogies,  collecting  illustrations,  lines  of  approach, 
map-drawing,  framing  questions,  and  other  exercises 
required  in  the  work  of  teaching.  No  form  of  normal 
Sunday-school  practice  is  more  useful.  I  quote  from 
some  of  the  old  praxis  papers  as  i''ustrations  of  the 


con- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  .XfOVEMEMT.  5a 

valuable  work  done.  On  sheets,  ..ith  ample  space  for 
the  pup,l  s  wntten  answers,  were  printed  the  following 
among  many  others :  -Suppose  the  lesson  wlr  D  "uf 
^  19-33.    Imagme:  Class  of  six  boys  about  twelve  years 

acts,  relations,  and  geography  of  this  lesson  ?"   A^ain  • 

Mag^u.:  Class  of  six  young  persons  about  sixTeen 

years  of  age      PrM,„..  what  presumptive  or  dtect 

argument  m  favor  of  the  divine  origin  of'^he  filble  mav 

Z  r'y"^'-E'-Azanyeh,  El-Khuds,  El-Khalil  ■  2    Man 
at  Athens,  a  Jew,  delivering  address  on  ul  Hill  more 

ten  aSo'ut'T"  """"i!'  ^^^"  ^^°  •  ^-  ^^ree  book   w  ^ 
ten  aoout  Jesus  with  n  a  few  vears        5^,.,        r. 

Farrar ;  4.  New  York  Hir!  /         ~        "'''  ^'"'^"■ 
Pie  D       IwlT     Tr  "'PP°d™'"e,  ten  thousand  peo- 

g  vin^'  aKble  ^r'  '"'^  °-  ^^"'^'^>''  5-  Queen  Victoria 
seciefof  P n        .•       P'^'"  P""^^  ^l^o  ^^ked  her  the 

'Precious  Jesu"    Again  •  AvLr'^"  "'''^'"'"'"^' 
sons  or  analogies  are  suSe^sied^^jThellrgTar; 

the  lake     aVcu     I  '""''  ™'*^^  "^^  "^e  wind  on 

oL  na  trfe     A^TT  ^  '''""'^'"  """^  ^^^  ^  ''-" 

of  waves  to  the    horeTH''"r' ''"'''  "  ^  S''^^'  "-''^ 

shadows      It  is  mtri  '""^  "»'"^  ^^^'  dark 

4UUWS.     It  IS  more  pleasant  to  hear  the  thr»»  n 

tauqua  bells  than  one."    Another-  "HnU  '""" 

justified  byfS'ee       Wh:-e     "'^""''^^       ''^^-S 
will  your  heart  b;  ato.'  '  ^°"  ''"'''''''  '^'  "'^^ 


6o 


THE   CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


Il 


A  list  of  five  hundred  questions  on  biblical  and 
Sunday-school  themes  was  made  out,  and  circulated 
widely.  They  were  designed  for  self-testing  by  isolated 
pupils. 

The  subjects  comprised  in  the  Chautauqua  course  of 
that  day  are  here  classified  :  — 

I.  Pertaining  to  the  Bible:  i.  Its  names.  2.  Its 
books.  3.  The  classification  of  books.  4.  The  writers. 
5.  The  languages.  6.  The  gradual  development.  7. 
The  cajion.  8.  The  identity  of  its  books.  9.  Their 
historic  accuracy.  10.  'Y\\€\x  divine  authority.  11.  Their 
inspiration.  12.  The  principal  versions.  13.  The  con- 
tents of  the  Bible :  History,  chronology,  geography, 
biography,  manners  and  customs,  divisions  of  time, 
natural  history,  institutions,  prophecies,  doctrines, 
weights,  measures,  etc.  14.  Its  interpretation.  15. 
Its  mission,  use,  and  power. 

2.  Pertaining  to  the  Sabbath  School:  i.  T\iQ place 
and  purpose,  2.  The  relations  to  home  and  church.  3. 
The  organization.  4.  The  management.  5.  The  classi- 
fication. 6.  The  early  lesson  systems.  7.  The  inter- 
national lessons.  8.  The  supplemental  lessons.  9.  The 
appliances.  10.  The  Sabbath-school  i-///m;^/^;/^^;//.  11. 
The  other  Sabbath-school  officers.  12.  The  Sabbath- 
school  teacher.  13.  The  teacher's  helps.  14.  The 
teacher's  difficulties  and  mistakes.  15.  The  Sabbath- 
school  normal  ec^^r/^,  —  teachers'  meeting,  institute, 
normal  class.      16.  The  zveek-day  poiver  of  the  school. 

3.  Pertaining  to  Teaching:  i.  The  j^/// we  teach. 
2.  The  acquisition  of  knowledge.  3.  The  retetition  of 
knowledge.  4.  The  application  of  knowledge.  5.  The 
communication   of   knowledge.     6.  The   preparation   of 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  AfOVEMENT.  g, 

W  ,«««..     7.  The  preparation  to  /.«./.  the  lesson 
8.  The  pupils'  /,o,„c.prepamtion.     9.  The  /^^./^wl 

-s.  ^::;.Ti^iear "-  xr:!/:^-^'- 

classpt:  •    T^r,-»>,^        •  \.  ^    adaptation    to 

uX  inrc^2;r™fT;  T'°S^^"i''  --•- 

.u.itionoMacts:s;e:!fiei::son?Xj^^^^^^^^ 

theories:  Educational  and  SundarschLt  Pra  S  t 
teaching :  Approach,  word-picturing   illustr J[^n 
foning.     Memorizing  Scripture  '""'"^^"°"'  l"^^- 

mat  otw'  r  '^  ^^^"^  '■  '"'"^'^  °"  G«"/^»««^,     Free. 
2  .r  '''^"(ff'^'^""-     Trumbull  on  Ji,^i,.^s.    Sitch  on 

Bot  s    No  ?T      ^f^"'^^'^-    Chautauqufxext 

'-«.^    No.   „.  sLl    to    f.plJ"""^'""'- 
Froebel      No     ^^    r?    ■    ■  ^estalozsi.     No.  15. 

Book  of  bII.    '■  ^"'"'""'  ^'''"''^^-     No.    ,9.   ri 

Adaptations  of  these  le<icA«o 

of  all  grades,  for  s tud  nt     at  Cha^r'  "''''  '°"'  ^"P"^ 

classes/'asatotherasembll    •'.?'"''  '"  "'"'"'' 
in  the  case  of  'Mndivid  a7 tach  ^      rr' ''""^  ' " 
"Teachers'  Union"  ;,nrl  .<      T       ,     ^here  were  also 
vided.     Certificates  and    ,.T  S''^""^'^"  ™«rses  pro- 
cessful    candidates    ' "',  '''P'°™='=  ^'^<=  given   to  sue 
especially  thorough      I        P°^'-g'-^duate    course    was 
for  .SSc'it  was  a?  follows    -"'''''  '"  '"^  "-^"'^^'^ 
Books  to  be  studied:   "Outline.,  nf   ri,      u   ,.. 
tory,"  Dr.  Hurst,  nrice   ^o  cell       .  1  "'^  "''• 

'  jO  cents;  -Short  History  of 


'*\  11 

il'  ilili 


li 


62 


77/£-  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


English  Bible,"  Dr.  Freeman,  price  50  cents;  "Com- 
panion to  the  Bible,"  Dr.  Barrow,  price  i^i./S  ; 
"The  Church  School,"  Dr.  Vincent,  price  75  cents; 
"  Christological  Studies,"  Dr.  D.  D.  Buck. 

Papers.  — Y.^.z\i  candidate  is  expected  to  present  two 
papers  containing  not  less  than  one  thousand  words 
each,  one  on  a  biblical,  the  other  on  a  Sabbath-school 
theme. 

A  series  of  fifty  questions  based  upon  the  above 
books  must  be  answered  in  writing  at  Chautauqua. 
At  the  Centenary  Conference  in  London,  in  1880,  a 
still  further  development  of  the  normal  Sunday-school 
work  took  place  by  the  appointment  of  an  International 
Sunday-school  Normal  Committee,  composed  of  workers 
in  England,  America,  and  France.  A  course  of  read- 
ing and  study  was  outlined.  This  new  course  forms 
the  basis  of  the  "Assembly  Normal  Union"  curricu- 
lum, recently  adopted  by  most  if  not  all  of  the  Summer 
Assemblies.  In  competent  hands  this  new  departure 
is  proving  very  successful. 

The  Chautauqua  Intermediate  Class  is  an  or- 
ganization independent  of  the  Normal  Department,  and 
for  the  benefit  of  youths  and  adults  who  elect  training 
in  the  biblical  rather  than  the  normal  studies.  It  meets 
daily  in  the  Temple,  beginning  on  Wednesday  morning 
after  the  "opening." 


I! 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


63 


CHAPTER    V. 

-  Dnf  xTpplf '^^^'''  ««^/Z?m.../..«...  but  he  resorted  to  no  university^ 

T^HE  Chautauqua  Teachers'   Retreat  aims  to 
A     benefit  secular  teachers  by  combining  with   the 
recreative  delights  of  the  summer  vacation  the  stimu- 
latmg  and  quickenin-;  influence  of  the  summer  school 
The  professional  part  of  the  vacation  thus  utilized  need 
not  be  exacting  in  its  demands ;  and  under  the  law  of 
the   economy   of  teaching-force,    one   may,  under  the 
right  conditions,  receive  from  a  teacher  who  is  himself 
in  good  condition,  a  measure  of  help  in  an  hour  or  a 
day,  which  will  influence  all  the  after-life  of  the  teacher 
Through  lectures,  lecture-lessons,  biographical  studies' 
Illustrative  exercises,  scientific  experiments,  etc.,  under 
the  direction  of  the  foremost  educators  of  the  age,  the 
Retreat     presents  to  its  students  :  i.  The  Pkilosopky 
of  teaching ;  2.  The  J/.//.../,  which  are  the  legitimate 
outgrowth  of   this  philosophy;    3.  The  AppliLon  of 
methods  to  the  different  branches  of  learning  taught  to 
the  different  grades  of  pupils  in  the  schools ;  4    The 
Btograp/ncal   Centres,  or  the   study  of   those   eminent 
educators  who  have  from  time  to  time  embodied  great 


I   II 


|^  ! 


:.  1.  I 


\n 


64 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT 


principles  and  illustrated  distinctive  methods  ;  and    5 
The  "Retreat"  also  seeks  to  inspire  its  members  to 
develop  their  individual  powers  and  aptitudes  in    the 
study  and  practice  of  pedagogy. 

The  Chautauqua  Teachers'^'Retreat  was  organized  in 
1879.     The  first  meeting  was  held  at  11  a.m.,  July  I7 
in  the  "  Temple  ;  "  the  last,  on  the  first  day  of  August 
Dr.  William  Phelps  of  Minnesota.  Dr.  J.  W.  Dickinson 
of  Boston,   Dr.  John    Hancock   of   Ohio,   Prof    R    S 
Holmes  of  Auburn,   N.Y.,   Prof.   George  R   Beard  of 
California,  Penn.,  Miss  Morris  of  Brooklyn,  Miss  Leon- 
ard of  Illmois,  and  Mrs.  Ford  of  Cleveland,  were  the 
instructors.     Conversazioni  vfQVQ  held  on  "The  Teach 
er's  Work,"  "Definitions  of  Education,"  "Defects  in 
Modern  Education,"  "  The  Public  Schools  of  Boston  " 
"Asking   Questions,"    "Normal   Work,"    "Socrates'" 
•"Froebel,"  "Ascham,"  "  Pestalozzi,"  "Object  Teach- 
ing," "Teaching  History,"  "Oral  Teaching,"  "Teaching 
in  Pennsylvania,"  "Teaching  in  the  West,"  "Building 
Character,"    "The    Higher   Education,"    "A    School 
Week,"  "After-school  Work,"  "Home  Hinr'erances," 
etc.,  etc.     A  Sabbath  Conference  was  held  on  "Jesus 
as   the   Perfect   Teacher."      Excursions   on   the   lake 
social  re-unions,  lectures,  music,  and  other  attractive 
features  of  the  Chautauqua    grounds  and  programme 
contributed  to  the  pleasure  and  profit  of  the  forty-five 
teachers  who  constituted  the  first  "  Chautauqua  Teach- 
ers Retreat." 

Since  that  first  meeting  in  1879,  the  Teachers'  Re- 
treat  has  steadily  grown  in  favor  among  the  educators 
Some   of    the    most    distinguished   representatives   of 
theoretical  and  practical  pedagogy  have  favored  us  with 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMEXT. 


65 


their  presence  and  counsel.  The  programme  has  been 
enriched  by  vigorous  lectures,  by  expositions  of  princi- 
ples and  methods,  by  illustrative  and  experimental  ex- 
ercises, by  conferences  and  question-drawers  ;  and  from 
most  of  the  States  in  the  Union,  pupils  have  come  to 
enjoy  for  two  weeks  the  benefits  of  contact  with  livino- 
leaders,  and  of  actual  observation  in  the  -  ways  oi 
doing  things"  by  which  the  value  of  the  teacher's 
service  may  be  augmented. 

The  development  and  expansion  of  the  Retreat  may 
be  appreciated  by  a  glance  at  the  programme  for  1885 
in  which  we  find  provision  for  lessons  in  pedago-y  and  in 
the  practical  application  of  pedagogical  science  ;  studies 
in  Shakspere ;  chemical  practice  in  the  laboratory  •  peri- 
patetic  lessons  in   mineralogy,  geology,  forestry,  and 
botany ;  training  under  the  best  teachers  in  elocution 
vocal  culture,  calisthenics,  stenography,  microscopy,  clay' 
modelling,  and  kindergarten.     From  this  wide  range  of 
subjects,  pupils  will  make  a  selection,  and  confine  their 
attention  to  daily  work  in  the  direction  of  their  choice 
for  from  two  to  six  weeks. 

Fishing,  sailing,  rowing,  bathing,  roller-coasting,  cal- 
isthenic  practice,  bicycling,  croquet,  archery,  lawn- 
tennis  ;  spelling,  pronouncing,  and  quotation  matches  • 
camp-fires,  debates,  old  style  singing-schools,  and  the 
endless  variety  of  entertainments  provided  by  the  man- 
agement,-give  sufficient  recreation  of  an  innocent  and 
useful  character,  to  the  most  laborious  student. 

Among  the  many  exercises  by  which  the  Retreat  has 
been  rendered  serviceable  and  attractive  the  past  few 
years,  is  one  deserving  especial  mention  :  The  Ideal 
Summer  Trip  beyond  the  Sea.    The  first  was  conducted 


Il;i 


I 


H  ; 


66 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


in  1873.  The  idea  of  the  "  Summer  Trip  "  is  to  impart 
the  instruction.  ..:  ci  to  :  ome  extent  the  pleasure,  of  for- 
eign travel  to  ihos^^  vvho  are  not  able  to  make  the  actual 
excursion  ;  while  for  those  who  "  expect  one  of  these 
days  to  go  to  Europe,"  the  Ideal  Trip  becomes  an 
invaluable  preparation. 

By  the  power  of  imaginr^ion,  a  party  of  tourists  pack 
the  delights  and  profit  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  days  of 
travel  into  fifteen;  and  all  this  by  the  aid  of  conver- 
sations, lecture-lessons,  class-drills,  blackboard  outlines, 
choice  readings  by  gifted  elocutionists,  musical  render- 
ings by  superior  singers,  personal  reminiscences  by 
ladies  and  gentlemen  who  have  travelled  widely,  a  libra- 
ry of  travel,  a  large  number  of  card-photographs  and 
engravings,  and  by  stereopticon  illustrations. 

The  Amphitheatre,  the  Temple,  the  Hotel  Athcn^um 
parlors,  the  Hall  of  Philosophy,  and  the  lake  steamers 
are  utilized  in  securing  as  fully  as  possible  the  reaUstic 
features  in  this  Ideal  Trip. 

The  days  of  ocean  travel  are  described  in  a  Tourists' 
Conference   of  one  hour,  and   then  illustrated  in  two 
hours'   display   of  stereopticon   pictures   explained  by 
old  travellers  who  give  the  serious  and  ludicrous  sides 
of  ocean-travel.     Storms,  fogs,  icebergs,  moonlight  on 
placid  waters,  sailor's  songs,  the  sports  of  voyagers,  the 
approach  to  the  foreign  shore,  are  graphically  presented. 
By  conferences,  lectures,  and   whatever  art  can  do  to 
assist,  the  Chautauqua  Foreign  Tourists  are  conducted 
during   successive   days  through   the  lands  across  the 
ocean.     In    1883   the   tour   was   an   extensive   one, — 
through  Ireland,  Scotland,  England,  and  the  Continent. 
In  1884  the  illustrated  talks  and  the  conferences  were 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


67 


limited  to  the  British  Isles,  while  instructive  lectures 
were  given  on  distinguished  characters  in  English  liter- 
ature and  in  modern  English  history.  In  1885,  in 
anticipation  of  the  dominating  subjects  of  the  Chau- 
tauqija  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle  Course  for  the 
ensuing  year,  the  field  of  the  tourists'  study  and  explo- 
ration was  confined  to  Italy,  ancient  and  modern,  her 
great  heroes,  writers,  and  artists.  The  iourists'  Con- 
ferenLC  considered  "Routes  into  Italy,"  "Italy— gee- 
graphical  and  political,"  "  Milan  —  Leonardo  da  Vinci's 
Last  Supper ;  Cathedral ;  View  of  the  Alps ;  King 
Humbert's  Arcade  ;  Walls  ;  "  "  Rome."  Lectures  were 
delivered  on  "Venice,  the  Faded  Queen  of  the  Adri- 
atic," "Florence,  the  Athens  of  Italy,"  "Naples,  Pom- 
peii, and  Vesuvius,"  'WRome,'"  "From  Chautauqua  to 
Casamicciola,"  "Around  Vesuvius,"  "A  Trip  through 
Italy,"  "  Memories  of  Life  in  Italy,"  "  Leonardo  da 
Vinci." 

The  Ideal  Tour  plan  will  be  continued  through  the 
years,  and  must  with  increasing  facilities  provide  an 
invaluable  means  of  entertainment  and  of  preparation 
for  actual  foreign  travel. 

The  Chautauqua  Teachers  Reading  Union  is 
the  most  recent  of  the  Chautauqua  societies,  and  is  an 
extension  of  the  "  Retreat "  into  a  home-circle  for  pro- 
fessioval  reading  and  study  during  the  entire  year.  It 
is  the  scheme  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  adapted  to  the  day- 
school  teacher,  and  applied  to  his  work,  The  plan  of 
the  "Reading  Union"  for  secular  teachers  was  dis- 
cussed, and  preliminary  steps  taken,  in  1879,  for  organi- 
zation, at  Chautauqua.  Owing  to  the  pressure  of  other 
matters,  and  the  success  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  in  engaging 


!l 


68 


li 

t 

1 

' 

t 


11! 


¥.] 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


teachers  in  its  course  of  reading,  the  Teachers'  Reading 
Course  was  postponed.     In  December,   1S84,  the  plan 
was    revived,    the    "Chautauqua    Teachers'    Reading 
Union"  established,  and  Dr.  Thomas  VV.  Bicknell  of 
Boston    appointed    president.     At    this    writing,    the 
scheme  is  in  process  of  development,  and  will  in  due 
time  be  officially  announced.     It  will  not  conflict  with 
or   interrupt   the   work   of    State   Teachers'    Reading 
Unions    already   organized,    but    will    co-operate   with 
them.     It  will  provide  three  regular  and  several   ad- 
vanced courses  of  reading  and  study,  recognizing  and 
honoring  the  work  done  by  all  other  reading  circles, 
supplementing  such  work  by  practical  helps,  and  for- 
warding special  counsels   to   its   registered   members. 
At  the   completion   of  the   first   prescribed   course,  a 
diploma  will  be  given,  and  for  every  additional  course 
a  seal  added.     In  case  of  special  examinations  on  the 
several   courses,  special   recognition  will  be  made  by 
the  "gold  seals  "  of  the  "  Readers'  Union."    All  persons 
joining  the  Chautauqua  Teachers'  Reading  Union,  and 
paying  the  annual  fee  of  one  dollar,  will  become  mem- 
bers of  the  "Socratic  League,"  and  will  receive  seven 
valuable  communications  annually  from  the  counsellors. 
The  Union  has  already  received  the  hearty  indorsement 
of  the  leading  educators  of  America. 

The  Chautauqua  School  of  Languages  was  opened 
in  1879,  with  classes  in  Greek,  Latin,  German,  French, 
Anglo-Saxon,  and  the  Oriental  languages.  A  depart- 
ment of  biblical  exegesis  was  a  feature  of  the  first 
session.  The  announcement  of  the  C.  S.  L.  was  ac- 
companied by  the  statement  that  its  object  was  "to 
make  teachers  familiar  with    'the  natural   method'  of 


Reading 
he  plan 
R.eading 
knell  of 
ig,    the 
in  due 
ict  with 
leading 
te   with 
;ral   ad- 
ng  and 
circles, 
nd  for- 
imbers. 
lurse,  a 
course 
on  the 
ade  by 
persons 
3n,  and 
I  mem- 
seven 
sellers., 
sement 

)pened 
rench, 
iepart- 
e  first 
^as  ac- 
is  "to 
od'  of 


TI^IE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOl'EMEA'T,  69 

teaching  both  the  ancient  and  modern  languages,  and 
to  mcrease  popular  interest  in  philological  studies  " 

I  he  "natural  method  "  of  teaching  the  languages  had 
been  successfully  introduced  and  illustrated  by  Messrs 
Henness  and  Sauvcur.     Other  teachers  of  the  system 
have  been  developed  in  this  country,  -  born  teachers, 
tertile  m  devices,  enthusiastic  and  magnetic 

By  this  process,  a  person  who  has  never  known 
trench  or  German  may  in  six  weeks  conduct  conver- 
sation  on  ordinary  topics  in  the  language  ;  while  those 
who  have  known  the  grammar,  but  never  dared  to  ven- 
ture  on  pronunciation,  may  converse  with  very  consid- 
erable  fluency.  The  principles  of  the  natural  method 
have  been  applied  to  Italian  and  Spanish,  and  substan- 
tially to  Latm  and  Greek,  and  with  very  remarkable 
success. 

My  attention  had  been  called  to  this  system  two 
years  before,  by  a  distinguished  clergyman,  who  told  of 
his  daughter  s  marvellous  success  in  the  study  of  French 
under  a  skilful  natural-method  teacher.  The  enthusi 
asm  of  my  friend. -a  man  of  culture  and  of  sober 
judgment  -and  the  facts  which  he  presented  in  sup- 
port of  the  new  method,  led  to  further  inquiry  Case 
after  case  came  to  my  knowledge,  and  to  the  theory  on 

o'ilie'ction      ""''^'"^   ''  ^'"'"^  ^  '""^^  "^"^^  ^°  ^^^°"« 

The  "natural  method"  does   not   claim   to  give  its 

pupis  the  mastery  of  a  language  in  six  weeks  oT  in  six 

months.     It  IS  not  a  "  labor-saving  "  device.     It  simply 

It  r  uT5'  '^  ""'"'"•  ^^^^^^"g  the  process  by 
which  a  chi  d  is  enabled  within  a  few  years  to  speak 
his   native   tongue,   the  "natural   method"  recognizes 


1  : 


i  ^ 


P 


70 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


the  simple  laws  which  he  involuntarily  observes,  and 
applies  them  to  mature  persons,  who  with  strong  pur- 
pose and  intense  desire  devote  themselves  to  the  ac- 
quisition of  a  new  tongue.  A  child  associates  with 
certain  words  the  objects  and  actions  which  they  ex- 
press. He  sees  the  fact,  and  hears  the  name.  The 
frequent  repetitioji  of  these  words,  in  association  with  the 
objects,  deepens  his  impression.  He  Yivcii^oM pronounces 
the  words  many  times  each  day.  His  blunders  are  cor- 
rected. He  corrects  himself.  Repetition  gives  facility. 
Language  is  a  reality.  The  word  answers  for  the  thing. 
He  succeeds  in  communicating  his  thought.  Success 
inspires  him  with  confidence.  He  ventures.  His  at- 
tempts are  rewarded  with  new  successes.  Pronuncia- 
tion, conversation,  confidence,  enthusiasm — and  the 
pupil  is  prepared  to  study  the  grammar.  He  reads, 
talks,  triumphs.  He  begins  to  be  a  Frenchman,  a  Ger- 
man. The  language  is  not  a  series  of  pages  in  print, 
but  a  living  verity,  a  practical,  every-day  help.  He  is 
now  prepared  to  go  forward  for  years,  his  efforts  re- 
warded, his  enthusiasm  increasing  with  every  week  of 
study. 

The  able  teachers  of  language  in  our  own  Chautauqua 
schools  havo  developed,  modified,  and  improved  this 
scheme,  arid  shew  astonishing  results. 

The  school  of  languages  at  Chautauqua  holds  sessions 
for  from  four  to  six  weeks  every  summer.  Students  of 
this  achooi  enjoy  the  privileges  of  the  *'  Retreat "  and 
the  "Assembly"  without  additional  expense.  They 
may  listen  to  literary  lectures  delivered  in  the  language 
for  the  study  of  which  they  joined  the  school.  In 
French  soir/e,  or  Latin  symposium,  they  have  a  chance 


rves,  and 
"ong  pur- 
)  the  ac- 
xtes  with 

they  ex- 
ne.  The 
1  with  the 
ronounces 
s  are  cor- 
s  facility, 
he  thing. 

Success 
His  at- 
ronuncia- 
-and  the 
le  reads, 
in,  a  Ger- 

in  print, 
).  He  is 
fforts  re- 
^  week  of 

autauqua 
)ved  this 

)  sessions 
udents  of 
eat "  and 
e.  They 
language 
hool.  In 
a  chance 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT  71 

to  test  their  knowledge  of  a  foreign  tongue,  and  their 
skill  in  the  use  of  it.     Gathered  around  a  camp-fire,  the 

Vatfrlmd^^''^^''  ""^^^^  ^""^  ''"^'  '"  ^^^  language  of 
The  :^hautauqua  Summer  School  for  Children 
was  an  e..periment  for  a  single  year,  -  1883.  Want  of 
financial  resources  was  the  cause  of  a  suspension  which 
IS,  I  trust,  only  temporary.  It  is  the  design  of  the 
^.  b.  b.  L.  to  be  a  profitable  vacation,  full  of  rest  of  the 
right  sort  for  little  people  ;  the  perfection  of  recreation 
which  shall  be  re-creation;  a  "garden"  of  wisdom,  disci- 
pline, and  delight ;  a  place  for  culture  in  language  sci- 
ence,  manners,  life  and  character. 

The  lessons  of  the  C    S    S  r    ot-o  <-^  u 

.  •  ^-   ^-  ^-  are  to  be  so  given 

as  to  time,  quantity,  and  manner,  as  not  to  be  tasks  • 
so  limited,  that  "ambitious  "  pupils  cannot  overwork ;  so' 
blended  with  play,  that  study  will  prove  a  pleasure 
so  ably  directed  by  superior  teachers,  that  the  exercise; 
will  be  inspirations  rather  than  recitations,  and  will  pre- 
P^-e  pupils  to  work  on  their  own  account  at  home  and 
school,  rather  than  to  attempt  larger  results  at  the 
summer  school  itself. 

tionritTure''"'''  "^  instructions,  lessons,  conversa- 
tions, lectures  reviews,  exercises,  praxes,  experiments 
etc.  imder  brilliant  leaders  (who  know  childhood),  unde; 
the  following  departments  :  —  ' 

.1.  Lessons  in  Our  Own  Language,  -or,  how  to  speak 
read,  and  write  English.  ^wco  speak, 

2.  Lessons  in  Our  Own  Neighborhood,  -  its  botanv 
zoology,  geology,  and  geography  ^' 


72 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


how  to  keep  accounts ;  how  to  act  at  home,  in 
society,  in  travel,  in  business,  at  church,  and  at 
school. 

Imagine  the  delights  of  Chautauqua  days  after  two 
hours'  work  (and  two  hours  only),  with  shady  groves, 
lovely  lake,  fountains,  lawn-tennis  grounds,  and  roller- 
coaster.  Think  of  microscopes,  stereopticon,  the  even- 
ing "parlor  hour,"  campfire,  bonfire,  fireworks,  military 
drills  for  the  boys,  and  calisthenics  for  the  girls ! 

What  has  not  yet  been  attained  is  only  waiting  for 
time  and  opportunity.     The  dream  shall  yet  be  realized. 


w\  r; 


%  i 


1 

11 

i'l 

i 


111  i 


home,    in 
h,    and    at 

s  after  two 
idy  groves, 
and  roller- 
1,  the  even- 
ts, military 
iris! 

waiting  for 
be  realized. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


;3 


CHAPTER  VI. 

<«^/>     T,   J    ^         GEORGE  Washington. 

from   the  Me.,eve,  ^o.Jttx.i^^Z^^^ZZ 

with    a   white-DilJarerl    J..11  "^  ^'^^^^  "P> 

,      vvxiiLc  pmared   hall   amon^  the   trep<;       wtu 

Hall  m  the  Grove,"  about  which  a  book  iTi"       ^ 
as   everybodv   calk    i>       ^  i  ^-  ^-  ^-  C. 

The,  Jo.  :,r!Lr-r  :^:rpL?Trr 

th=y  are  there  This  em'atr"  ""''  '°  '°  "''^" 
of  them,  all  know  n7each "ttr °"'i  ^'''''  '''  '^"^'^ 
together  by  some  secret  as,„.:  ^"^  ^^PP^rently  bound 
power,  They  wear  k-I  '""°"  *'"'='^  ^^'  ^  cystic 
of  different  ll"sanrf  .1      °"  '"■'"'"  days, -badges 

there  is  someth  n/^'l""  Tl  '^^^"^'-     ^"  ="'  'his 
Thi=  ..  r     ,  y.  ^'"Sular  and  beautiful. 
Th-     Crcle     ,s  a  company  of  pledged  readers  in 


I  N 


m 


74 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


wide  ranges  of  literature.  The  "  Assembly  "  contains 
people  who  listen.  The  "  Circle  "  is  made  up  of  people 
who  read.  The  "Assembly"  covers  a  few  weeks. 
The  "  Circle  "  casts  its  canopy  over  the  year  and  the 
years.  The  "Assembly"  is  at  Chautauqua.  The 
"Circle"  carries  Chautauqua  to  the  world's  end,-— to 
the  east  and  to  the  west,  to  Canada,  to  Florida,  to  Scot- 
land, to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  to  India  and  Japan,  to 
Cape  Colony,  —  everywhere.  More  than  one  hundred 
thousand  names  are  now  on  its  record-books,  and  more 
than  half  of  them  are  pursuing  with  faithfulness  one  or 
more  of  its  prescribed  courses. 

The  members  of  the  "Circle"  stand  on  a  higher 
plane  than  the  visitors  to  the  Assembly,  because  they 
put  will  into  the  work.  They  read  what  they  ought, 
for  months  and  years,  everywhere,  getting  larger  views 
of  the  world,  and  worthier  views  of  life,  and  nobler 
dews  of  the  race,  and  of  God  the  Father  of  all. 

The  "Circle"  takes  a  wide  sweep  in  the  world  of 
letters.  Its  themes  are  those  of  the  college  world.  It 
puts  the  preparatory  and  college  curricula  into  good 
readable  English,  and  helps  people  out  of  college  to 
know  what  is  going  on  there ;  what  the  young  people 
study  in  histor-.  language,  and  literature ;  what  authors 
they  read,  and  what  estimate  is  to  be  placed  on  them 
and  their  work.  It  gives  glimpses  of  science,  physical 
and  metaphysical,  pointing  down  to  the  rocks  and  up  to 
the  stars,  and  about  to  the  fields  and  seas  and  the 
forms  of  life  in  plant  and  animal.  Whatever  college 
boys  study,  the  "  Circle "  provides  in  some  form  and 
degree  for  parents  to  read,  that  home  and  college  may 
be  one  in  outlook  and  sympathy,  in  aim  and  delight. 


' "  contains 
p  of  people 
few  weeks, 
jar  and  the 
qua.  The 
3  end,  —  to 
da,  to  Scot- 
i  Japan,  to 
le  hundred 
,  and  more 
[less  one  or 

1  a  higher 
cause  they 
hey  ought, 
irger  views 
md  nobler 
all. 

2  world  of 
world.  It 
into  good 
college  to 

ang  people 
lat  authors 
i  on  them 
e,  physical 

and  up  to 
;  and  the 
er  college 

form  and 
liege  may 
elight. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  75 

The  aim  of  the  "Chautauoua  Literary  and  Scientific 

Circle     IS  thus  set  forth  in  all  of  its  circulars:   This 

organization   aims   to   promote   habits  of  reading  and 

study  m  nature,  art,  science,  and  in  secular  and  slcred 

iterature,  in  connection  with  the  routine  of  daily  Hfe 

(especially  among  those  whose  educational  advanlagel 

have  been  limited),  so  as  to  secure  to  them  the  colwe 

student  s  general  outlook  upon  the  world  and  liL  and 

thinking.  It  encourages  individual  study  in  lines  and 
by  text-books  which  shall  be  indicated  ;  by  local  crcTes 
or  mutual  help  and  encouragement  in  such  studie  by 
summer  courses  of  lectures  and  ''students'  ses  ions^ 
at^  Chautauqua;   and  by  written  reports  and  examina- 

sJoot  I  ^cdlet"^'' fj^onet"'  t  '""''  ^  "'^^^  ^''^^ 
,  a     ^^n^gQ     tor  one  s  own  house.     It  is  for  hnc.r 

people  who  left  school  years  ago,  and  who  de°L  ^ 
pursue  some  systematic  course  of  instruction  t  is 
for  high-school  and  college  graduates,  for  people  who 

chTt  '"'"'t'  ""'''•  "'S''  ^^'^°°'  -  college  for  mer 
chants,  mechanics,  apprentices,  mothers,  Msy  ho^se 
keepers,  farmer-boys,  shop-girls,  and  f;r  people  of 
eisure  and  wealth  who  do  not  know  what  to  do  with 
thar  t^e.  Many  college  graduates,  ministers  lawyers  ■ 
phys  aans,  and  accomplished  ladies  are  pur;uin7  he 
course.     They  find  the  required  books  entertaining  Ta 

™  1  idf  '"'"'  ^  ^"^''^^"*  -"-^  "f  ^'-       'onl 

ago  a,d  as-ae.     ..everal  of  the  members  are  over  eighty 

years  o.  age ;  very  few  are  under  eighteen  ^ 

In  the  first  chapter  of  this  volume  are  presented  fh. 

Hmdamenta)   doctrines  on  which  the  C.Ls  C    if,' 


w 


^6 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


t      < 


I    I  ■ 


^^k' 

m 

, 

HHv  ii 

The  right  of  er^ery  man  and  woman  to  all  the  educa- 
tion they  have  capacity,  will,  and  opportunity  to  attain  ; 
the  educational   possibilities  of  mind  at  its  maturity; 
the  disciplinary  value  of  every-day  life,  domestic  and 
commercial,  promoting  as  these  occupations  do  habits 
of  application  and  concentration,  tending  to  the  educa- 
tion of   the  various  faculties,  and  needing  only  to  be 
supplemented  by  direction  and  inspiration  in  order  to 
open  a  wider  range  of  thought  than  is  usually  enjoyed 
by  "busy"  people;   the  importance  of  utilizing  spare 
minutes   in  literary  endeavor;   the  comprehensiveness 
of  the  preparatory  and  college  curricula,  affording  as 
these   do   a  glance   at  the  varied  world  of   literature, 
science,  and  art. 

The  writer  of  these  pages,  in  the  early  years  of  his 
ministry  felt  the  importance  and  saw  the  practicability 
of  providing  a  course  of  popular  reading  which  should 
open  the  college  world  to  the  people  deprived  of  college 
training.     The  student's  "outlook  "  may  be  enjoyed  by 
those  who  have  not   been  subjected   to  the   student's 
discipline.     The   discipline   is   far  more  valuable  than 
the  outlook;   but  the   latter  is   not   to   be   lightly   es- 
teemed, since  it  is  likely  to  lead  to  the  other.     It  at 
least  brings  the  wide  world  of  college  thought  so  near 
to  the  uneducated  home,  that  that  world  is  no  longer 
term  incognita,  and  is  more  likely  later  on  to  be  explored 
and   possessed   by  youth  who   but  for  the    "outlook" 
enjoyed    by  their  parents  would   never  have  been  en- 
couraged or  prepared  to  enter  it  at  all. 

Business  men  and  mechanics,  hard-working  women 
in  kitchen,  nursery,  or  shop,  may  turn  to  good  account 
the  training-power  of  every-day  service,  and  rejoice  in 


the  educa- 
te attain  ; 
maturity ; 
nestic  and 
do  habits 
the  educa- 
)nly  to  be 
n  order  to 
ly  enjoyed 
'Ang  spare 
msiveness 
■ording  as 
literature, 

ars  of  his 
cticability 
ch  should 
of  college 
1  joyed  by 
student's 
able  than 
ghtly  es- 
iT.  It  at 
t  so  near 
10  longer 
explored 
outlook  " 
been  en- 

g  women 
1  account 
ejoice  in 


'4 


r//£  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT.  77 

a  glorious  possession  of  truth  to  wliich  they  have  as 
much  right  as  professional  students,  or  "favorites  of 
fortune. 

College   men   and   women   who   do   the   best   work 
during  the  four  years  in  the  study  of  languages  and 
mathematics,  need  to  supplement  that  quadrennium  of 
d'ggmg,  ploughing,  and  preparing  the  soil,  by  sowinc 
good  seed  wisely  chosen  and  in  abundance.    The  col 
lege  course  does  not  give  much  knowledge.     It  gives 
power.     Its  mission  is  to  prepare  the  student  to  appro- 
priate  knowledge.     He  who  drops  his  books  when  he 
gains  his  parchment  might  almost  as  well  never  have 
started  in  his  educational  course.     The  C  L  S  C    i 
the  after-school  of  the  college.     It  encourages  men  and 
women  who  have  passed  through  the  full  curriculum 
to  review  the  field  they  have  already  surveyed;  to  r" 
read  in  good  English  the  studies  of  the  seven  years 
and  m  doing  this  to   sit  by  the  side  of  less-favored' 
neighbors,  giving  them  needed  help  in  an  unpreten- 
tK>us  and   unpatronizing  way.     It   has  been  a   source 
of  surprise  and  of  pleasure   to  the  managers  of  the 
U  U  b.  C,  to  see  how  many  .ollege-graduates  are  en- 
listed  ,n  It  how  faithful  they  are  to  the  requirement 
of  the  circle  and  how  helpful  to  their  fellow-student 
No  man  so  highly  prizes  the  college  as  he  who  has 
acquired   an   education   without    its   direct   aid     And 

hea,tily  recognizes  the  possibilities  of  culture  outside 

ot  he  student  from  matriculation  to  mastership.  He 
we  1  knows  that  a  man's  power  is  not  to  be  measured 
by  the  opportunities  outside  of  himself.     Circumstances 


7S 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


II..' 


I 
if 


' 


!(    ;     ! 


r> 


I  >>- 


vciikQ  things :  personal  resolve  makes  men.     The  true 
scholar  remembers  names,  illustrious   on   the  literary 
lists,  whose   intellectual    training   did   not  come  from 
the  schools,  —  Homer,  Shakspere,  Washington  Irving, 
Hugh  Miller,  Horace  Greeley,  Michael  Faraday,  Edward 
Hitchcock,  Herbert  Spencer ;  to  say  nothing  of  men  of 
our  own  day  whose  titles  to  fame  are  not  won  from  any 
college  :  Whipple,  Trowbridge,  Parton,  Bayard  Taylor, 
Howells    Cable,  Gilder,  Stoddard,  and  a  host  besides 
One  of  the  most  important  factors  in  college  life  is 
to  be  found  in  the  associations  by  which  enthusiasm 
IS  excited,  friendships  fostered,  and  the  individual  made 
to  teel  that  he  is  part  and  parcel  of  a  great  institution,  - 
an  institution  that  was  before  him,  and  that  will  be 
when  he  is  no  more.     Under  its  auspices  are  gathered 
mto  a  blessed  and  perpetual  unity,  individuals  from  all 
parts  of  the  land,  who,  with  him,  look  up  to  and  bless 
Ahna  Mater.     Songs  are  sung  in  her  praise.     Festive 
days,  observed  from  time   immemorial,  are  still  kept 
sacred.     He  walks  through  the  old  groves,  sings  the 
old  songs,  and  follows  precedents  established  by  past 
generations.     In  all  this  there  is  an  appeal  to  senti- 
ment  by  which  the  educational  power  of  the  institu- 
tion is  enhanced,  and  the  student's  life  enriched     The 
"class-spirit,"    "society"   life,    college    songs,   games 
ancient  usages,  are  all  important  elements  in  college 
power. 

These  elements  of  power  are  not  lost  when  the 
college  goal  is  reached,  and  the  student  leaves  the 
classic  halls.  With  the  passing  years,  enthusiasm  in- 
creases. As  he  grows  old,  his  heart  grows  more  tender 
at  the  memory  of  college  customs  and  companionships. 


ILi 


T. 

The  true 
the  literary 
come  from 
;ton  Irving, 
'ay,  Edward 
?  of  men  of 
•n  from  any 
ird  Taylor, 
)st  besides, 
liege  life  is 
enthusiasm 
idual  made 
titution,  — 
lat  will  be 
e  gathered 
Is  from  all 

and  bless 
':     Festive 

still  kept 

sings  the 
:d  by  past 

to  senti- 
le  institu- 
lied.  The 
s,  games, 
in  college 

when  the 
eaves  the 
isiasm  in- 
»re  tender 
lionships. 


'Si 

■'I 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  79 

The  sense  of  the  non-collegian's  loss  in  this  respect 
s  not  apprecated  by  college  n,en.     In  providing  0 
the  cultivation  in  the  C  T    ^  r  r.(  ^u      ^     ^viuin^  lor 

.nake  up  the  ../«>  I '^  !f  the  c     :ge  Th\7  "''t, 

but  little  conception  of  their  power  :nf:;iue       "'"" 

The  appeal  to  sentiment  was  an  experiment      If  it 

vanced  in  years^-'n' wouT  rot tt^  ^Z^:!  :^ 

ir:ortoT;rid^^^ 

Pathy  and  affe":^^:;  :!•;=:;  rrsSt  T 
temporal  circumstances   and  «op;»i       ^"."'^^  '"  ^Se. 

the  practical  aims  of  the  eirc  i  br"^  •  T" '  ^''^" 
warmed  by  device,  a  nnJr  It  brightened  and 
the  social  Lture?        "^        '      "'  Pagination  and  to 

ces?'  H^Tn  T  ^''  "'"'•  ^"^  ^''  "O^ned  with  sue 
arpted"riS^.XsrreX2r  '"  ^'-^ 

sss^t^  stir '"  =- ~ 

music;  badgesprenared     1    >'  '°"^'  "'""'"  ='"''  ^^^  "> 
erings,'  alufn^rel    „!'  tunT^rT,'/'  ^'^"■^^"'- 
fires  lighted     All  tZ!'  """^."'^'''^^  ''e'd,  and  camp, 
s^irea.     /in  these  provisions  of  the  r    T    c   r- 
have   contributed  to  its  power      "  rLI     ^^       ,.    *^- 
at  Chautauqua,  and   at  the  other  l.^K,     "  .°'^" 
g-t  day  of  the  annual  gatherin;       """'"'  '^  '"^ 
e  C,  L.  S.  C.  was  formally  organized  at  Chautau. 


i    ■  9 

j 


'If  ■ 


I 


80 


TIIK  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMEXT. 


m  I 


qua.  on  the  loth  of  August,  1878.     The  importance  of 
the  movement  was  recognized  at  the  time.     "  The  Daily 
Assembly  Herald  "  for  Monday,  Aug.  12,  made  editorial 
allusion  to  the  new  departure  in  the  following  terms:  — 
'"The  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle' 
(a  beautiful  name  for  a  society  which  represents  a 
beautiful  idea)  will  add  strength  to  the  great  organi- 
zation  already  effected  in  this  grove.     The  design,  as 
explained  in  Dr.  Vincent's  lecture,  which  appears  in 
this  paper,  will  commend  it  1  >  the  favor  of  parents 
and  young  people,  scholars   and   professional   men 
everywhere.     Already  over  seven   hundred   persons 
have  sent  in  their  names  as  candidates  for  member- 
ship in  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  which  is  not  yet  three  days 
old ;  and  already  we  hear  individuals  declarino-  with 
emphasis,  'We  shall  have  a  local  C.  L.  S.  C.  organized 
m  our  town  very  soon  after  the  Assembly  is  over ' 
Eminent  men  from  the  colleges  and  professions  and 
marts  of  trade  have  identified  themselves  witn  this 
new  movement.     Now,  let  every  Chautauquan  pres- 
ent  and  absent  read  Dr.  Vincent's  lecture.     In  it  he 
states  the  nature  and  design  of  the  Circle.  .         Every 
educator  and  parent  in  the  land  should  second   his 
efforts  as  mapped  out  here,  because  he  seeks  to  re- 
deem the  young  people  of  the  country  from  the  cor- 
rupting influence  of  pernicious  literature,  which  has 
no  tendency  to  lift  them  up  intellectually  or  morally 
This  address  will  be  an  historical  document  in  time 
to  come,  and  we  trust  the  bold  and  daring  prophecies 
the   doctor  has    made  will   be  more    than    realized 
Send  in  your  names  from  near  and  from  far,  if  you 
are  ready  to  become  members  of  the  Circle      From 


T. 

poitance  of 
'The  Daily 
cle  editorial 
g  terms:  — 
ific  Circle ' 
presents  a 
eat  organ  i- 
design,  as 
appears  in 
of  parents 
onal   men, 
d   persons 
r  member- 
three  days 
iring  with 
organized 
^  is  over.' 
jsions  and 
witii  this 
uan  pres- 
In  it  he 
.  .  Every 
;cond   his 
eks  to  re- 
1  the  cor- 
^hich  has 
■  morally, 
t  in  time 
"ophecies 
realized. 
Lr,  if  you 
'.     From 


'■i^ 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  g, 

present  indicaHons    before  we  come  to  Chautauqua 
m   ,879,  wc  shall  have  two  thousand  names  eiuolled 
With   this   new   and   useful,   practical   and    popl; 
departure,  C.autauqua  will  put  on  new  life  '    ^ 
The  opening  meeting  of  the  C   I    S  r  ,., 

in '-The  Assembly  Hefald-for'A^'t^arfXr!:: 
th.  P     V  ^^  ^^  ""'■"'"S'  ^"S-  '°'  «t  ten  o'clock  in 

nte.i:;"  f°";hrrJ:'"'  ''^  '"'^^'  """"^  "-'-e  "> 

Circ  e     This    ,  ^'-'^""""^  '"''-"y  -^   Scientiric 
Lircle.     This  is  a  new  organization,  for  the  purpose 
of  spreading  r^    e  fully  the  Chautauqua  idea  and  pro 
viding  for  the  Chautauquans  a  ,-ourL  of    tiidfto  be" 
pursued  during  the  interim  of  the  Assemblies  as  well 
as  whi  e  the  Assembly  is  in  session.     The  Interet 
taken  in  the  movement   vas  manifested  by  a„  a  tend 

parTandir     "'f  """'^^  "^  P-ilfon  in  evty 
part,  and  large  numbers  stood  on  the  outside  the  waif 

curtains  being  lifted  so  that  the  speakers    oullbe 

seaTedT    v"^  "''■^"'°"-     °"   '^e  platform  were 
seated  Dr.  Vincent  and  Bishop  R.  S    Foster   Zt 

™any  other  distinguished  educators  .and  ter  Two 
hT:,lr'^'?h  °'  ''''"^"'  ''en.mi'nal::;  Tn 

^^^^^^r:^.z^-  "^^  follow. 

(The  address  given  on  the  occasion  by  the  author  of 

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V.J 


83 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


Who  possesses  it.     In  the  scheme  of  redemption  GoH 
has  connected  all  grace  and  spiritual  poweritTnow, 

I  „^^'     ^  c       '"  ^'■''^'  ^"'I  '"  *«  knowledge  of  our 
Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ  " 

Provisions  are  made  in  human  society  for  growth  in 
knowledge.    A  high  estimate  is  placed  u^pon  ft     Even 
the  .gnorant  look  up  with  awe  to  the  men  who  knlw 
and  always  the  knowing  men  have  advantage     In  eve^ 
community  there  are  four  classes  of  people  ^ 

First,  those  who  are  born  into  large  intellectual  on 
portumties.  to  whom  the  vast  realm^f  know    d'efs" 
pomted  out  at  the  very  beginning  of  life     Homfai 
thonty  directs  them  towards  it,  home  example  inspires  ■ 
hem  to  enter  it.     I  felt,  a  few  weeks  ago,  a,  I  stoodfn 

SvTL^r'  r"^^'"^  ^hadow'of  Westm     t 

en  ,tsi"4t::i;^^  •'IT  f  T  "-'^''-y-^- 

-l,,f  w     "^"*  '^'"'  "■     -A  boy  looks  upon  the  walls  of 
chat  Westminster  school,  and   reads  the  name  of  his 
great-great-great-great-grandfather,  who  in  '526  was  ' 
graduate  from  this  Westminster  school.     In  succeiror 
every  generation,  all   the  way  down   to   two  or  three 

haTthri'it"  ■"""''"  "  ">^'  "''•     Tne  family  ^h'h 
has   the  literary  taste,  the  hereditarv  influence    T. 

is^he  home  thatrtL;LT:„;:red:ntsn\i 

atmosphere  of  these  homes  tends  largely  to  the  awak 

Edultio      ""'  '"'"  ^"'  P-poses^in^the  children 
Education  is  systematically  sought.     Time  is  specmed 

tl^Zlir^f  '"^""^  ^'^  ^-P'-'y-'.  books  and 
every  needed  apphance  are  procured  for  the  use  of  thZ 

pupils.     Rivalry  in  the   class-room,  from   the  ^lll!; 


) 


TJf£  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEAfENT.  gj 

characteri.es  the  \ZL  s^  o  ^ithT""  f  ^"^ 
course;  the  high  school,  with  its  sole  ti  '""P'""'' 
the  college,  with  its  four  years  -  trr.'"""^"'"'" ' 
zeal  and  energy  of  the  sfudent  I  f  '"""'^^  '^^ 
so  few  of  the  sons  and  daughters  nf  '"P"^'"  *« 

families,  and  of  those  fa2     I     ,"■  ""''  '^"Hivated 
and  the  intelligence   have"  t"'  '''='""«'  *«  "^"""-^ 

found  enteringiee;ile«  aid   "'  '•"°"^^»'  «'« 
course.     The  man  m»v  Prosecuting  the  college 

his  son  to  thinTatT'"   rifn  V  r ^  ^"^  ="-- 

of  dSlTL'^'ror  them'T  ""^  ""<^"  *"«  -cessity 
vided.  'Even  ThlfhlttrnTl't'''''"'""''^  '^  P™ 
parents  have  no  SDecialLn  L        ^'^'^  '""^^  «">ere 

school  provides  tasTs  and   ettrs'"  tT.^-  *^  """'"^ 
is  limited,  and  but  r»..i    ^^^<=''«fs-    But  this  education 

school  to'g:t\'ni^jj:xi'rt  ?'"-  ^« '° 

winning :  no  more  ^  ''^''^  '^'l  •"'ead- 

^'/Se  inXru:ftr  Sre^^r;  "T^''^ 

si^rs:tehr^^^^^^^^^ 

view,  feel  the  neceslit;  Lt'  '"bvVh 't,  '  ^''^ 
our  own  right  hand,  and  what  b^ain  „'  '  ''"P'  *"'' 
W.11  attain  what  cJlture  we  can  TJ  T ''"'' ^^ 
working  fellows  manage  t^..^  .^  ^^  """'^  ''^^d- 
%ht  their  way  „n  ,nfo  '  ^  ""^'^  "^^''^g^'  They 
wealth  pass  thorough X  cX^i  l^"'  "'"^  ^'""-"  "^ 

^--nheaufho:!;rwS;sirtt;.t^r 


II   rni 

:; 

|i!  ! 


84 


T//E  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


brave  souls  that  feed  on  plain  fare,  and  make  no  great 
show  in  society,  work  their  way  up  into  places  of  power 
and  are  the  intellectual  heroes  of  our  time.  And  there 
are  those  who,  not  having  enjoyed  the  opportunities  of 
college,  and  not  having  had  the  inspiration  early  enough, 
in  the  later  years  acquire  culture  by  some  means  or 
other,  determined  to  have  intellectual  power  as  their 
privilege  and  as  the  heritage  of  their  children 

Fourth,  There  are  those  born  under  the  necessity  to 
which  I  have  referred,  who  lack  the  vision  at  the  begin- 
ning ;  who  reed  help  and  stimulus  in  the  acquisition  of 
personal  culture.      They  go  into  a  trade  early  in  life 
They  early  go  into  family  life,  and  find  it  too  late  to  go 
back  from  business  into  the  school.     But  these  need 
culture   as  parents,   as   citizens,   as   members   of   the 
church,   as   workers    in    the   various    departments   of 
church  activity, -culture  as  immortal  souls,  who  by 
dint  of  perseverance  here  would  carry  a  certain  measure 
of  intellectual  force  into  the  life  eternal.    Many  of  these 
men  acquire  property,  and  pass,  through  the  power  of 
property    into  larger  social  spheres ;  for,  as  a  general 
rule,  with  property  goes  culture.     And  as  these  men 
come  up  through  dint  of  hard  work  into  a  larger  sphere 
and  among  intellectual  people,  they  feel  a  certain  em' 
barrassment,  as  they  mingle  with  the  better  class  of 
society,— an  embarrassment  which  arises  from  their 
early  lack,  and  their  want  of  familiarity  with  the  world 
of  art,  of  science,  and  of  letters.     These  people  are  the 
very^ones  who  deplore  their  lack  of  early  opportunities, 
and  become  discouraged.     The  field  is  so  vast  to  them, 
that  they  do  not  know  what  to  do,  what  to  read,  where 
to  begin.     They  have  no  teachers ;  they  have  no  facili- 


^.\ 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


ties ;  they  have 


8S 


no  stimulus.  And  Ltllwhi;"  ''"rt"?'"''-  *^^  "-"^ 
of  society  for  whLh^o  nl  •  """"  "''^  ""^^^  ^""o" 
of  inte. Actual  culture  Xrs":"r'':  "^  "'^  ""^ 
ing  their  intelleetual  forces      o«r  ™'^'''""- 

reading  wealc,  dissipating,  cheap  ?emJr"^,  ^^"^^^  ^'' 
literature.     You  see  mothers^lrh         '''  ^""P""^ 
evening  with  cheap  ten  cent  pTpfrtn'd"  '  T"'''' 
which  they  propose  to  while  awav  ^   ."°^''''  "'*'' 
coming  Sabbath      They  lave  aTv   I  ,     °"'''  °^  "'^ 
nobody  directs  or  cor'/ctsT    Th.        ^  '°'"^*i"g.- 
tastes  and  desires  ■  and    L  \-,T    ^  ^°"°"'  *^'''  ""-n 
the  atmosphere  of 'tha    hn„        ^J"  "'  ^''"'Sht  up  in 
and  sufferLg  the  sln^  iTJ-rf'"'  ''"  ^^"^  "ooks. 
not  the  wors^t  of  it    Tntoti^t  ,'''"""  ^'°"-     '^''''  '= 
non-studious  part  of  sodetv   ,\   '■^''  ""^"'«^^t^d.  and 
which  threatens  the  verv  fl^'  Tj"  '"""'  ^"  ^'™«"t 
of  religious  life, -the  nl°,f'°"^  f  ''"'"^  "f-  and 
cism,  in  books  tracts  anr7  ™'  °^  "'°^^™  »^epti- 

of  a  negative  theory  oaLTlTir^.;"  '''^  '"'"-' 

Now,  here  are  the  fou       assef     Ti^"     '°  '=°"'^- 
wh.ch  I  have   now  to  present  tr  "^S^^i^^t'on 

aims  to  reach   uolift  inf  ^''"■'  "Consideration 

class  of  the  co^'^unitv "  V  T'  ^"^"'^'^  '^at  large 
which  no  proWsTon  isL"'  "f  "^  ^"''"«.  ^ut  for 
tlonal  institution    The  „ame7"'"^  "'  "^  -''  ^<^"«- 

■■^  the  "ChautauqtrLUe^a.f  a"?'."'"''''"^"'"«^^ 
which  aims  to  give  the  ll^i  ^  Scientific  Circle," 

'he  world  of  thought  bv  th.   f.-'^''^''^  °""'""'  "P"" 

'ure  and  science  ft  the  r.."'?  °^  ^""^^^  "^  litera- 

-tion  of  syllab?  of       ksreTI  l'°t'  '^  '"^  ^^^P^ 

progress,  and  by  corresoond.n       ''^7"«en  reports  of 

}  correspondence  with  professors  of  the 


I;  1 1 


Ki 


■■  Mi 


86 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


several  departments,  who  shall  consent  to  occupy  the 
chairs  to  which  we  shall  invite  them.  I  hold  in  my 
hand  the  outlines  of  the  plan  of  the  Chautauqua  Literary 
and  Scientific  Circle.  I  have  been  assisted  in  its  prepa- 
ration by  two  eminent  and  cultivated  men,  whose  judg- 
ment, scholarship,  and  practical  wisdom  will  commend 
the  scheme  to  your  favorable  consideration. 

[Having  presented  the  outlines,   the   speaker  con- 
tinued,] 

Chautauqua  is  to  be  the  centre  of  this   course  of 
study.     Lectures  are  here  to  be  delivered.     Students' 
sessions,  as  at  this  series  of  meetings,  will  be  held  from 
year  to  year.     I  foresee  a  laboratory.     I  foresee  a  tele- 
scope, belonging  to  Chautauqua.      I  foresee  a  depart- 
ment of  microscopy.     I  foresee  a  valuable  library  of 
scientific  and  religious  works.     I  foresee  a  museum  of 
art.     I  have  already  staked  out  a  charming  grove  into 
which  we  shall  come  in  a  few  evenings,  —  those  of  us 
who  are  willing  to  accept  the  proposed  course  of  study, 
—  and  in  what  we  shall  call  "St.  Paul's  Grove"  we  shall 
find  a  centre  for  our  students  of  nature,  art,  science, 
and  the  most  holy  Word.      We   shall   constitute  the 
blessed  brotherhood  of  the  "  Chautauqua  Literary  and 
Scientific  Circle."     We  look  forward  to  the  orf    .iza- 
tion  all  over  the  country,  of  local  circles,  with  libraries, 
where  a  few  persons  may  come  together,  and  if  they 
are  not  able  each  to  purchase  all  the  books  which  shall 
be  read  in  the  four-years'  course,  a  fund  may  be  raised, 
and  the  books  be  loaned,  and  one  after  another  read. 
Circles  may  be  organized  for  reading  together  aloud 
many  of    these  books.      The  detailed   plans   of    this 
organization  will  be  hereafter  presented. 


fENT. 

to  occupy  the 
I  hold  in  my 
tauqua  Literary 
:ed  in  its  prepa- 
en,  whose  judg- 
i  will  commend 
on. 
I   speaker  con- 

this  course  of 
red.  Students' 
ill  be  held  from 
[  foresee  a  tele- 
resee  a  depart- 
lable  library  of 
e  a  museum  of 
ning  grove  into 
,  —  those  of  us 
ourse  of  study, 
xrove"  we  shall 
e,  art,  science, 
constitute  the 
a  Literary  and 
>  the  orf  aza- 
,  with  libraries, 
er,  and  if  they 
Dks  which  shall 
may  be  raised, 
r  another  read, 
together  aloud 
plans   of    this 


™E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEME^VT.  g^ 

fesso.  of  depart  J„t:„f,r;-P-fce  with  pj 
ports  will  be  made  by  those  wL        ^         "°'"'''>'  '^- 
Local  institutions,   hU     cwis      '''?'  '"  "'^  '"«'y- 
with  their  courses  of  lectures  t" '"""''       '  '°"'^" 
tribute  towards  the  assTst!n!-  ■!"  "'"^  "^^^^  <=°"- 

the  vicinity,  propose  toTur^e  ^h  /e!"  ^^"^  '^-S  '" 
time  the  student  reaches  the  t  .        '"-  ^"''  "^^  *« 
year  he  will  be  able  to  Z  "  r  fi!!'?"'"^  °^  "'^  *''" 
in  the  line  of  natural  science  >'  sav  nf        T^  '""'"'  ■■"" 
your  consent,  members  of  he  flcultl  TT  """"  "^^ 
ogy  my  specialty  for  the  ~„^!-     ^'     """  ""'^^  g«<>'- 
that  case,  where  the  spedaitv  "?'"!  '"°  ^^^"•"     I" 
wishes  to  prosecute  a  mo  tL'^rP'"'  '"'  *«  ■»«" 
such  provision  will  be  made t  T^    '""'^  "^  ^^''ding. 
Here  are  some  of  thf  i        '  ^^^ommodation. 

«on:  Itwindevel^'hSerari^ir  "'  ''''  °^^--- 
mental  power;  exalt   home  W^  ' '"^'^^  ^  '"^«ase 

home-help  in  public-schorstudL^'"^"^  '""°"'^  ^"^ 
.nto  reading  circles.  It  wil  "otnt  .T""'"^'"'"« 
our  modern  popular  pernTc  Lr?"'"  *'  '"""^--^^  of 
»d  enrich  the  daily"^  ™  "^  "'"''  ^""^  ^^«'« 
people.  It  will  bring  he  mn  ^'""',  '"^  hard-working 
contact  with  the  lesf  schohrlv  '""''^  P^°P'«  '"'o 
ciation  of  science   a„H  ?   f  ^'  P™"""^  ^  true  appre- 

Weandpower^fVcnS  'Vm  j"^  ^P'"^'-' 

glorified  in  the  man  whose  he. rf       ''"""''^^Se  becomes 

[The  speaker  answered  thrl-'  "°"^^"««d  to  God. 

-'»dy  based  upon  Ts Tuperficia"  fvl"  S  '"  '^  P'^"  "^ 

and  so  is  any  coll^o-^    "Pernciaiity.J     Superficial  it  is 

stands  at  the  Vote'?    .r^io   '"""'■     ^'^  '^y  ^^o 

h.s  senior  year,  on  Commence- 


iij 


ss 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


ment  Day,  to  receive  his  parchment  and  whatever 
honors  belong  to  him,  who  does  not  feel  that  his  whole 
course  has  been  superficial,  will  not  be  likely  to  suc- 
ceed in  the  after-struggle  of  life.  But  superficiality  is 
better  than  absolute  ignorance.  It  is  better  for  a  man 
to  take  a  general  survey,  to  catch  somewhere  a  point 
that  arrests  him  ;  for  the  man  who  never  takes  a  survey 
never  catches  the  point  in  which  dwell  the  possibili- 
ties of  power  for  him.  By  this  superficial  view  he 
develops  taste  and  power.  When  you  sow  seed,  it  is 
not  the  weight  of  the  seed  put  into  the  soil  that  tells, 
but  it  is  the  weight  of  the  harvest  that  comes  after. 

Let   me  give   you   a  fact  concerning   Prof.   Joseph 
Henry,  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute:  "As  a  boy  he 
was  an  inveterate  novel-reader,  until  at  sixteen  an  Eng- 
lish  book  of  scientific  lectures  happened  to  fall  into  his 
hands.     He  was  so  interested  in  it,  that  the  owner  pre- 
sented it  to  him,  and  he  kept  it  ever  afterwards  among 
his  treasures.     On  the  fly-leaf  is  written  this  paragraph, 
written  by  him  in  1837:  'This  book,  although  by  no 
means  a  profound  work,  has,  under  Providence,  exerted 
a  remarkable-  influence  upon  my  life.     It   accidentally 
fell  into  my  hands  when  I  was  about  sixteen  years  old, 
and  was  the  first  book,  with  the  exception  of  books  of 
fiction,  that  I  ever  read  with  attention.     It  opened  to 
me  a  new  world  of  thought  and   enjoyment,  invested 
things  almost  unnoticed  with  the  highest  interest,  fixed 
my  mind  on  the  study  of  nature,  and  caused  me   to 
resolve,  at  the  time  of  reading  it,  that  I  would  devote 
my  life  to  the  acquisition  of  knowledge.'  " 

Suppose  our  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Cir- 
cle had  dropped  that  book  into  the  hands  of  the  boy 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   AfOyE^fE.VT.  ^ 

Joseph  Henry,  where  is  your  learnprl  .    t 
'0  say,  "Ah,  that  is  Aoir^g  ZlZ     t^'^    ''°'  "">  '' 
work"?    When  I  place  wi^nf     ^'"^"^  »"P"ficial 
into  the  hands  of  a^hou'  nd  v  ^''"''  ^^'^  ^ooks 

this  land,  with  a  prescribed  "^'"^'''P^°P'«-er 
study,  first  to  discover  h^'peclTn  ^  '""'"^  ^"^ 
inspire  them   to   prosecut  T        ^°^"-  ^"''  *en  to 

direction,  who  wi/dartrL;trtTa°i  T''  '"  '"^^ 
cial  work  ?  ^   ^^  ^  ^^  ^oing  superfi- 

spiim:  "lufrwu"  "'"'^  ""^^  -'  p™-te 

n>ent  originally  eltSHr  dr'tio^^^"  ^P" 
and  now  existing  under  the  auspices  of  a  ^  T'"'"^'' 
association."  Away  with  thk  i  /  Sunday-school 
AH  things  that  are  kgTtil  e  are  /  r"^""^  "'  '^ings ! 
intellect  belongs  to  l^Zl  t  .'"'^  '■'""^" 
h™.    And  when  I  see    ohn  W  '^"'"vated  for 

to  save  souls,  sitting  down  t"  ^  tt^HT  '^^  "'"^  ^^^' 
«nd  Greek  grammars,  aid  Fren  ^^''*  ^^^""'^"' 

see   John  Wesley  takin"     Sh^r     ^'^'^"'''''  '  ^''<="  I 
seiecting,  ^^r-..^,!^,^  ^^^^^^P^V^,  and  ,„ 

them  into  the  hands  of  ..^,         "^  ^      ^  ^^  ^^"^ci  put 

When  I  see  what  John  Clev  Z^"  !°'  ''^'^  -""-  • 
secular  culture  among  hfsn^  V^^  Promotion  of 
broad  as  well  as  intenfe  - 17  '  ''''  '"^^  "'sht  be 
heresy  that  a  man  is  steDDint     mT"'  '^"'^>'  «''"'  'he 

-><  as  a  Christian  mLri?:trt''^  '^^''™^'^ 
all  secular  nature  into  an  alt.r7.   .u      ,    '^'"^  ">  '"™ 

I  -net  a  friend  in  Eurlf    /     *'  ^'^''^  "^  God ! 
to  me  as  I  described  thsCha,  ^  "'"'^  ="«"■  -l^"  ^^'d 
entific  Circle,  "I  w  1  p    senf""""'  ^'"'''''y  ^^<i  Sei- 

---canprocr-:^uCrri:irLte-r 


90 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


% 


!i! 


I'l  i 


silk  woven  for  it  in  France.  I  will  have  the  design 
painted  upon  it  in  Italy."  And  we  selected,  after  con- 
sultation, the  motto  for  our  banner,  —  the  motto,  the 
watchword  of  our  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific 
Society.  It  is  as  follows  :  "  We  study  the  Word  and 
THE  Works  of  God."  And  last  year,  when  my  ven- 
erable friend  Dr.  Vail  came  into  this  tent,  and  sitting 
down  here,  in  the  competitive  examination,  picked  up 
the  fifty  questions,  and  wrote  his  answers  to  them,  as 
he  passed  in  his  examination-papers  to  me,  I  shall  never 
forget  how  he  looked,  and  how  his  voice  trembled,  as 
he  bade  me  good-by,  not  knowing  that  he  should  ever 
return ;  he  said  to  me  (and  I  have  taken  this  as  the 
second  motto  for  the  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scien- 
tific Circle), ;  "  Let  us  keep  our  Heavenly  Father 
IN  THE  Midst." 

In  our  studies  in  the  school  that  is  to  be,  let  us  keep 
the  thought  of  our  Father  in  the  midsit  of  nature,  the 
thought  of  our  Father  in  the  midst  of  literature,  and 
the  thought  of  our  Father  in  every-day  life. 

So  this  "every-day  college,"  this  Chautauqua  Literary 
and  Scientific  Circle,  will  grow.  It  must  grow.  I  have 
had  a  few-  candidates  present  their  names.  I  do  not 
know  how  many.  If  we  have  ten  to  begin  with,  I  shall 
think  it  quite  a  success.  We  shall  invite  people  all 
over  the  United  States  to  unite  with  us.  We  shall 
not  make  it  expensive  ;  we  shall  not  actually  require 
a  pilgrimage  to  Chautauqua,  although  we  shall  greatly 
aid  and  inspire  those  who  do  come.  But  student-lamps 
will  be  trimmed  on  many  a  little  table  over  this  land 
the  coming  winter.  F'ellowships  will  be  formed.  The 
thought  that  we  are  one,  engaged  in  a  common  pur- 


THE  CHAUTAUQl/A  AfOVEMENr, 
pose  of  culture  for  God's  dorv  will  k  i 
shall  return  to  Chautauqua  year  at^t  "'  '"l"* 
and  alumni  in  ,he  Chauluqu'alite  /all'  T'"''": 
Circle,  proud  of  our  Al,„a  MaZTZl  Zt  ™i"^' 
exalt  and  honor  her  wherever  we  1  ^""'"'"«''  '" 
And  now,  a  few  words  to  thn«:f-  «,!,« 

names  to  the  blanks  whieh  wi ,  bed.str^'f' V'^" 
the  close  of  this  service     T. T        \  distributed  before 

to  undertake  the  coul  e  plnis^h  1'  "h  "'  °''''  ""''  >^^"' 
finish  on  earth.  Vrare'irinTdTo  17/^^1' 
not  beheve  m  the  idea  of  people  getting  old   ^         '  '° 

See  a  man  sixty,  seventy,  or  eighty  years  old      W., 
will  call  a  man  eighty  years  old  L     ii  ^''° 

is  destined  to  live  forever  n  1/  ""'''  '''''"  ''' 

admire   the  record  of  Th.  ff'^""  °^  ^"^  '     ' 

studying   Lat^  L ty  leaTs'of  a  "^",  "?°   "^^^^ 

spirit  of  the  man  who  sayf-Too  oW  ^  M  "'""'  "^^ 
while  my  heart  beats,  and  I'have Te  hi  "" '°°  "''' 
and  God's  great  Book  open  beflre  me  ?  °^"''^^^' 

Howglad  I  should  be  if  I  shn„M'fl„i  ■      ,     , 
year.,,  that  more  boys  and  p-irk  ^  '"  ""^  ^"'"'■<= 

schools  and  univer  ^  e  "  ec  u^  o7  tfe'"'  '°,  °" '"^'' 
line  received  here  at  Chautauqua  ,1„V7''  '"  *'^ 

With  all  your  getting,  get  undeT   andfng'  L^Llrn 

Hfe  about  Ur::^:'^^:^^^^^-^''' 

marvellous  records  of  the  ear  L  k        !.    ""^^  '"  "'« 


93 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  AfOVEAfENT. 


V>      III 

A\     :ii! 


lilj 


liii 


"J' 
m 


m 


V'       n 


The  harder  the  struggle,  the  brighter  the  crown.  Go 
on!  Have  faith  and  holy  purpose.  Go  on  to  know  and 
iviil,  to  (fo  and  be ;  and  when  outward  circumstances 
discourage,  trample  the  circumstances  under  foot.  Be 
master  of  circumstances,  like  the  king  that  God  has 
called  you  to  be. 

"  I  see  a  youth  whom  God  has  crowned  with  power. 
And  cursed  with  poverty.     With  bravest  heart 
He  struggles  with  his  lot  through  toilsome  years, 
Kept  to  his  task  by  daily  want  of  bread, 
And  kept  t  >  virtue  by  his  daily  task ; 
Till,  gaining  manhood  in  the  manly  strife. 
The  fire  that  fills  him  smitten  from  a  flint. 
The  strength  that  arms  him  wrested  from  a  fiend, 
He  stands  at  last  a  master  of  b-nself, 
And  in  that  grace  a  master  of  his  kind." 

God  give  you  such  hearts,  such  toil,  such  triumphs, 
and  give  you  such  masterhood,  as  shall  one  of  these 
days  place  you  among  the  kings  and  priests  of  a  re- 
deemed and  purified  universe  !     [Great  applause.] 

At  the  close  of  Dr.  Vincent's  address.  Rev.  M.  L. 
Williston  of  Jamestown,  N.Y.,  read  the  following  poem, 
written  for  the  occasion  by  Miss  Mary  A.  Lathbury,  of 
New  York,  entitled 

LIGHT. 

Jerusalem  the  olden, 

Asleep  among  her  hills, 
Hath  many  a  dream  prophetic 

The  waking  world  fulfils,  — 
Her  pride  and  desolation ; 

Her  bondage  and  her  tears ; 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEAfK.XT. 

Her  dream  of  battles,  Hashing 

Across  the  lurid  years 
A  light  on  cross  and  crescent, 

And  on  the  knightly  throngs 
Who  wage  our  bloodless  battles 

To  the  old  Crusader's  songs 
For  all  that  is —  ay,  even 

The  texture  of  a  dream  — 
Is  wrought  in  wondrous  pattern 

Beneath  the  things  that  seem; 
Until  His  hand,  who  cometh 

And  maketh  "all  things  new" 
Shall  lift  the  veil  that  gave  us 

But  "figures  of  the  true." 

Within  the  Holy  City, 
Beneath  a  pagan  dome, 

Once  every  year  "  the  Faithful  " 
In  thronging  thousands  come ; 
With  faces  raised,  exalted, 

In  each  uplifted  hand 
A  taper  yet  unlighted, 

A  silent  host  they  stand, 
With  eyes  of  expectation 
Upon  the  vaulted  wall, 
Whence,  from  the  blue  above  it 

The  holy  fire  shall  fall. 
And  when  at  last,  descending. 

They  mark  the  floating  flame, 
A  thousand  hands  are  lifted 

In  holy  Allah's  name  ; 
And  blessed  he  whose  taper, 
First  kindling  in  the  glow' 
Of  that  descending  marvel, 
Shall  lend  its  light,  and  so 
From  hand  to  hand,  from  torch 

To  taper  in  its  flight. 
The  sacred  fire  of  heaven 
Has  spread,  and  all  is  light. 


93 


m 


If; 


-^'■: 


94 


!i!l 


m 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT, 

Jerusalem  the  olden 

Sleeps  like  a  stagnant  stream : 
To  her  the  failing  of  the  fire 

Is  but  a  fitful  dream. 
And  if  across  her  vision 

Unholy  hands  have  tossed 
Unholy  fire,  to  kindle 

A  pagan  Pentecost, 
No  less  is  ours  the  glory 

And  gladness  of  that  sight ; 
Not  less  to  us  the  promise 

Of  the  coming  of  the  Light. 


O  friends  whose  hope  and  longing 

Outrun  the  years,  to  meet 
That  age  whose  coming  footsteps 

Are  heard  in  every  street ! 
You  in  whose  eyes  the  shining 

Of  love  and  faith  is  set. 
To  light  dark  souls  who  wander 

Along  the  lowlands  yet ; 
Think  not  because  the  hill-tops 

A\-e  glowing  in  the  dawn. 
Thai:  glory  cometh  only 

iVith  the  coming  of  the  morn. 
God  shineth  in  the  darkness : 

And  through  the  rayless  skies. 
Because  his  voice  hath  called  them, 

A  thousand  s;ars  shall  rise. 
And  if  from  the  mid-heavens 

A  light  above  the  sun 
Shall  fall  with  sudden  glory. 
The  light  is  still  but  one ; 
For  that  which  over  Bethlehem 

And  o'er  Damascus  shone. 
Shines  in  the  world's  fair  dawning. 
And  the  rainbow  round  the  throne. 


Illl; 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVE  ME I\ 

O  friends  and  brothers,  gathered 

Around  the  open  Word, 
The  heavens  are  rent  above  us 
With  the  glory  of  the  Lord  ' 
No  eye  of  sense  may  see  it, 

No  human  hand  aspire 
To  lay  on  earthly  altars 

That  pure  immortal  fire  • 
B.'t  to  the  heart  that  waiteth. 

To  eyes  athirst  for  light 
Descends  the  blessed  vision, 

And  there  is  "no  more  night '  " 
Then  each  to  each  transmitting  ' 
^Z^^  ^'Sht,  the  life,  the  truth, 
What  wonder  if  the  beauty 
And  the  glory  of  a  youth 
Born  of  spirit,  and  eternal, 

Shme  o'er  all  the  earth  again, 
And  the  Bride,  the  hol>  city 
Of  the  heavens,  is  with  men  1 


T. 


95 


Humanity  is  lifting 

Her  waiting  face  to  Cod, 
And  in  her  hand  she  beareth 

The  old  divining-rod 
Which  sprang  in  early  Eden,— 

A  scion  of  that  tree 
Whose  fruit  might  only  ripen 

With  earth's  maturity. 
With  it  the  old  magicians 
,,,P""  «°"ght  to  touch  the  stars, 
\^  hen  Science  groped  for  knowledge 

Behmd  her  prison-bars; 
Across  it  creeds  and  systems 
Have  stumbled  to  their  fall ; 
To  win  it,  men  and  nations 
Have  staked  and  lost  their  all 


\u 


96 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


:t  ill!! 


Religion,  weak  and  weary, 

Cast  as  a  broken  reed 
The  rod  of  knowledge  from  her, 

And  leaned  upon  her  creed. 
But,  dawning  o'er  the  ages, 

The  Light  and  Life  of  God 
Have  stirred  with  spring-time  pulses 

The  world's  divining-rod ; 
And  she  —  the  human  —  standing 

Upon  her  latest  height, 
Bears  it  with  eyes  of  patience 

Uplifted  to  the  light. 
And  lo !  the  rod  has  budded, 

To  blossom,  as  of  old 
The  rod  of  Aaron  blossomed 

Beside  the  ark  of  gold ! 
No  longer  through  the  shadows 

She  seeketh  for  a  sign ; 
She  needeth  not  her  wise  men. 

Her  oracles  divine. 
The  Life  of  God  is  shining 

Upon  her  where  she  stands ; 
And,  leaf  by  leaf  unfolding 

Within  her  reverent  hands, 
The  earth  and  seas  and  heavens 

Disclose  her  secrets  old. 
And  every  force  of  Nature 

Reveals  its  heart  of  gold  ! 
Now  knoweth  she  the  answer 

That  ends  the  schoolmen's  strife,  — 
That  knowledge  bears  no  blossom 
Till  quickened  by  the  Life. 

O  holy,  holy  city ! 

The  Life  of  God  with  men ! 
Descending  out  of  heaven 

To  ne'er  ascend  again. 
O  Light  — O  Life  immortal! 

One  sea  above,  below ! 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ^^ 

If  unto  us  be  given 

That  blessed  thing,  -  to  know,  - 
Hope  s  beatific  vision 

And  Faith  s  prophetic  sight 
Shall  die  before  the  fulness 
Of  that  unclouded  Light. 

After  the  reading  of  the  noem    n.    \r 

"In  the  preparation'fo.  t,': iZn.nt'o.^^Tl  hf  '' 
consulted  some  of  the  mncf  ^  occasion,  1  have 

educators  of  the  cotntrv    anH'/"'"'''  '""  P^^«'=«' 
.  ,     ,         ^  country,  and  from  a  number  of  a;„ 

tmguished  gentlemen  I  have  received  I^Z         ! 
to  this  movement."  received  letters  relating 

The  letters  were  then  read  bv  Rev  H  w  i»7 
D.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  who   prefaced   t^.        i^'"t"' 
saying,  "These  letter;  being'^wrft  el  to  Dr"  v'""^  '^ 
some  of  them  are  naturally  cfmp.im  ntary  fo  h.^""  He 
thought  best  to  leave  out  those  portions.    ^I  n^ Z  th=^ 

l:  ::ul^^  i  ^nrerbi't-hr  •  -'  "-^^  ^-^^^^^^ 

.he  letters  had  a'Sht  .;  hartlrreld^^lhir  " 
and  so  they  shall  be  read.  [Applause T  Of  ^  ' 
is  expected  that  the  press  woumT.!,      ■"  """"^  " 

■ike  this  ;  so  I  bring  ^u  h^le  1  „f  "?■  '"'^^P"^^ 
all, -an  editor  you  Ce  often  u     ^''"'"'  ''"'  °f 

large  head  and  aTittle  bodv  buf"  "'"'  ^'*  ^  ^^"^ 
heart       the  Rev.  Lyl'^t  ^  V»~f '-^e 

tian  Union,"  New  York.  ^  ^^"^- 


■  til 


1) 


"  The  Knoll."  Cornwall-on-thh-Hudson, 
July  25, 1878. 


Tlyr  .»"•/   *3j  1070. 

My  dear  Dr  ViNrPMT       V       , 

not  in  the  least  I  ,rnS      ~    u"  ''"^'"  "^  J"')'  'o  did 
least  surprise  me,  because  all  your  friends 


m 


I, 


lliil 
ilk 


iiilii 


! 


98 


r//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


have  learned  to  expect  surprises  from  you :  nothing  is 
unexpected  except  the  expected. 

Chautauqua  proves  its  right  to  be  called  immortal, 
by  continually  growing  larger  and  better. 

Your  plan  for  making  it  a  university  for  the  year,  in- 
stead of  a  mere  summer  university,  is  worthy  of  the 
spirit  of  Methodism,  which  is  certainly  ubiquitous  if 
not  omnipresent. 

It  seems  to  me  if  you  can  lay  out  such  plans  of  study, 
particularly  in  the  departments  of  practical  science,  as 
will  fit  our  boys  and  young  men  in  the  mining,  manu- 
facturing, and  agricultural  districts,  to  become,  in  a  true 
though  not  ambitious  sense  of  the  term,  scientific  and 
intelligent  miners,  mechanics,  and  farmers,  you  will  have 
done  more  to  put  down  strikes  and  labor-riots  than  an 
army  could ;  and  more  to  solve  the  labor  problem  than 
will  be  done  by  the  Babel-builders  of  a  hundred  labor- 
reform  conventions. 

You  have  my  heartiest  sympathies,  and  my  most 
earnest  good  wishes,  in  this  new  endeavor  to  preach 
the  gospel,  which  includes,  as  Christ  defines  it,  *'  open- 
ing the  eyes  of  the  blind,"  as  well  as  setting  free  the 
captive. 

Yours  very  sincerely,  LYMAN  ABBOTT. 

Dr.  Warren  said,  "There  is  another  class  of  men  from 
whom  we  shall  expect  indorsement ;  that  is,  the  theo- 
logical professors.  I  bring  you  one  from  a  man,  black 
hair,  dark-complexioned,  but  full  of  fire  as  if  he  were 
covered  with  a  crown  of  gold.  I  refer  to  Dr.  Town- 
send,  of  Boston  University,  whom  you  have  often 
heard." 


I 


N  ABBOTT. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT  on 

,  _  ,  Boston,  July  30,  1878. 

Mv  DEAR  Vincent, -Your  plan  for  the  promotion 
of  Christian  culture  in  art,  science,  and  literatureTmor 
the  masses  of  the  American  people,  strikes  me  aHnf 
of  the  grandest  conceptions  of  the  nineteenth  century 
The  so-called  common  people  of  our  country  are  shoT 
ing  themselves  ripe  and  qualified  for  such  cu Itu  e  a^' 

t"heTte:f  "'sll  ''f  '"'"  '"  ^"^  -"P-hens-rn'  o 
the  latest  results  of  scientific  research.     I  predict  for 

the  movement  great  success  and  grand  results 

Would  not  the  Atlantic  coast  be  an  excellent  nl». 
for  such  a  school  ?  excellent  place 

Very  truly  yours,  L.  T.  TOWNSEND 

Hodge,  of  Princeton."  •  ■^• 

Mv  DEAR  Dr.  Vincent, -I  am  delighted  to  hear  of 
your  movement  for  increasing  the  influence  for  good 
of  your  Chautauqua  Assembly.  The  scheme  iJ .  /  ^ 
one,  and  only  needs,  to  assur^  its  sue cess"h"t  eSt 
admmistration  which  has  so  eminently  chlracteriredT, 

'Z^tT     '^'"''^^^'  -tur^are  theThere 
n  which  God  exercises  his  perfections,  through  whTch 
they  are  manifested  to  us.     All  human  knowledge  slould 
be  comprehended  in  the  one  system  of  which  St 
the  centre,  and  illuminated  with  the  light  of  revelattn 

and  it?:: '""'"  ''"''  ^'"  ^PP-^  -ore' certai    y     vC' 
and  Its  sphere  more  complete,  when  it  is  viewed  in  aU 

s;:  "S  T  'tH^  ^'"^'  °' '''' '"  "-^"  -" 

V   viaence.     Truth  is  the  great  insu-.ment  by  which 


M 


ICX) 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


j       1 


the  God  of  light  works,  and  the  whole  truth  is  the  only 
pure  truth.     We  need  all  the  broad  lights  and  all  the 
side  lights  to  sweep  away  the  shadows  in  which  alone 
scepticism  and  superstition  lurk.     The  workers  in  the 
Christian  Church,  above  all  others,  need  this  compre- 
hensive illumination.     As  dispensers  of  the  light  of  God 
as  It  shines  in  the  face  of  Jesus  Christ,  they  should  cul- 
tivate the  faculty  of  casting  that  light  abroad  over  all 
his  works,  and  thus,  making  the  entire  universe  his  tem- 
ple   irradiate  it  with  his  glory.     May  God  guide  you, 
and  crown  all  the  endeavors  with  which  he  inspires  you 
with  complete  success. 

Yours  sincerely,  A.A.HODGE. 

Dr.  Warren.  ~  "  Now  I  bring  you  a  letter  fragrant 
with  the  breezes  of  the  Berkshire  hills,  full  of  the  ozone 
of  those  forests,  as  the  atmosphere  is  full  of  the  ozone 
of  this  forest.    I  refer  to  the  letter  of  Arthur  Gilman." 

Lanesborough,  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass., 
July  25, 1878. 

My  dear  Sir,  —  Your  letter  in  which  you  bring  to 
my  attention  your  plan  for  a  Literary  and  Scientific 
Circle  at  Chautauqua  has  found  me  here,  having  been 
forwarded  from  Cambridge. 

I  have  learned  the  details  of  your  plan  with  interest 

1  here  are  many  who  have  not  the  advantage  of  the 

home  circle,  nor  the  stimulus  of  a  literary  atmosphere, 

to  whom  you  can  in  the  way  you  propose  give  a  start  in 

the  way  upward. 

Your  fears  of  "superficiality"  do  not  trouble  me 
For  your  course  will  probably  aim  rather  to  direct  the 
mind  toward  the  way  in  which  you  wish  it  to  develop 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT,  ,or 

^^e^-ne  .  cea.  cu.o.t,  t^r  t^n  ^i^^ 
When  once  you  have  given  the  mind  a  start   anrf 

beiieve  that  so.ethin^g  .0^!;;^,?;:  ereTter  ^^"'^ 
I  thanlc  you  for  letting  me  Jcnow  your  plans  and  «hnii 
be  mterested  to  learn  of  their  success,  for  wMch  Jlook 
Smcerely  yours,  art-hur  oilman. 

Dr.    Warren.  —  "But  Ar^  fiio^^      n 
that  such  a  plan  is  fefs Tble       TheVwl  h'^'"/'^"' 
walks,  their  quiet  places  ;,nH  f.      ^  ^^'''  "^^^^'^^^ 

-what  rln  .^r  '  ''"'*  >^^^''  exclusive  study 

as  These  In  th/  ''"^  ''\''  '^"^  ^"'^^^  "^^^st  of  such 
as  these,  m  the  region  of  ordinary  and  everv-dav  IJ?^  ? 
I  will  reaa  you  a  manly  letter  from  Dr  V      ^^^^        ' 

a  man  who  believes  in  m!  ^^'^  ^'''^^y> 

^  ucxieves  in  his  own  opinions    a^^    ;f  u 
does  not  believe  in  nfi,^,-         i  ,      i^""""s,  and,  it  he 

opinions  "^  P'"  '"  ^^'^"d^nce  with  his  own 

My  dear  Dr.  Vincfnt       v« 
business  men  and  orrrt^-Irrurutfr;"  '"'"^1 
reading  i„  science  and  history's  worthy  o"al""''  °^ 
dation.    While  we  r»n„„*  wortny  ot  all  commen- 

scientists  or  hilars  ::?''' ''  "\'^  ^"^''  P^^""^ 
appreciative  o  thtg'sTciendfic'''?  "TT  '"  ''^^""'^ 
be  able  to  discrimfn.ttt!  '"'°'^'''y'  ^"^  ^ 

true.  '"^"'"'nate  between  the  false  and   the 


.  I 
I 

lis 

If;! 


fc  1 


I 

i 


102 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


li       *■». 


The  books  for  such  a  curriculum  should  be  very  care- 
fully chosen.     In  science  they  should  be  such  as  only 
give  the  aspects  of  nature  and  a  few  fundamental  prin- 
ciples.     Any  thing  technically  scientific  would  either 
disgust  or  mislead.      In  history  they  should  be  clear 
outlines,  rather  than  exhaustive  philosophic  treatises 
No  one  can  make  up  for  the  want  of  a  college  educa- 
tion.     The  four-years  attrition  with  other  minds  is  a 
sharpening  process  that  nothing  else  will  furnish.     If 
you  can  make  parents  comprehend  this  so  that  they 
will  not  let  their  sons  slip  by  the  college,  you  will  do  a 
great  thing.     Your  plan  will  warn  people  against  the 
waste  of  time  and  the  injury  to  mind  and  soul  in  the 
reading  of  low  sensational   stories,  when   useful  and 
elevating  knowledge  is  within  their  reach. 

Trusting  that  you   may    ^arry  out  your  scheme  to 
perfection,  I  am 

Yours  very  truly,  HOWARD  CROSBY. 

1 16  East  Nineteenth  Street,  New  York, 
July  15,  1878. 

Dr.  Warren.  ~ "  Another  college  president.  Dr 
Foss,  President  of  the  Wesleyan  University,  at  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  —  what  does  he  say  can  be  done  > " 

Middletown,  Conn.,  July  25,  1878. 

My  dear  Dr.  Vincent,  —  Yours  received.  I  hasten 
to  say  that  your  plan  of  "  The  Chautauqua  Literary  and 
Scientific  Circle  "  has  my  hearty  approval.  If  executed 
according  to  your  idea,  and  with  the  enthusiasm  gener- 
ally manifested  by  those  who  marshal  themselves  under 
your  leadership,  I  think  it  will  be  good  and  only  good, 
arJ  that  continually,  so  far  as  it  goes ;  and  I  trust  it 


)  CROSBY. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ,03 

will  go  far  enough  to  be  a  ^r^af  K^i     ^     o 
teachers,  and  to'inspire  a  nfu  t   ude  of  '"'""".^^-hool 
of  the  Church  to  seek  a  libera;  educaUoI;        "'"  ^''""' 

Vours  very  truly,       .       c.  D.  FOSS. 

Dr.  Warren. — "\e\  no  «^     i. 
Wilkinson,  professor  of    acred  I.^-  '"'"  '^""^'"  C- 
ter  Theological  Seminary  "  ™  '"  "'^  ^o^l-^^- 

i^Ev.  J.  H.  Vincent,  D.D.  ^'^"'^"own,  Aug.  3,  ,8;8. 

unf:  tt"tiJ^for.?"ch„?''"''"'  '"'^''^'^  y°"  P^POse, 
Circle,"  is  one  that  muTt  ''"'  ^"'''"•^  ^"'^  Scientific 
thy  and  respect  o  evert  iM^r"'  *^  ^""^^'  ^^"P^" 
kind.  There  is  eve„  a^  T^^Tj'''-^''''''  '°  '^'^ 
about  it  which  elcL,  ^  ,  '''""''  ^°''  '"•^^dth 
Wish  it  the  larger^asu":^  T^     '    ^^'^''^ 

an^iactSr  ttTbef  "^  "^"^  "  ^^^ 
realization,   would  have   be'enlr  "!  P^^^^^'brilliant 

Chautauqua   Sunday  si  oorAssemb,?°T  '""  "'  ''' 
nvative  enterprises  like  it  ar^n^  •       °°  "^"^  'I^- 

ence  all  over  the  coZVl'^''^:^''"'^"^^  iuto  .^isU 

dismissed  from   thou-^ht^'/  I  '°  '"'  ^"^  '°"g" 

and  nobler  concept  In  U     ,"!""'^"^al.     If  your  new 

successful,  theXpL  ti  n  VZ:  T'^^^''"'^y 
cles  "  may  be  looked  fn^!      ,  '^''^''  P°P"'ar  "cir- 

siveresulLfyourpl£?„   >  ^^'T'''  ^""f"'.  dif- 
at  Chautauqua      Certain  V  V       f"'  ^'""''""^  ■"'"^'-- 

for  the  proposed   rovTmLriT  TT'  ^"^^'^^^^ 

success  be  possible  at  .U     '      ,7      ^'"^  '"^"^^5^.  if 

P  ssible  at  all,  ,s  well  assured  beforehand. 


104 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


t 


ff 


I  believe  you  will  succeed  ;  and  if  you  do,  the  true 
measure  of  your  success,  it  will  remain  for  many  future 
generations  to  witness  and  to  appreciate. 

In  addition  to  the  many  important  utilities  of  your 
plan  which  the  terms  of  your  prospectus  suggest,  I  an- 
ticipate others  of  scarcely  inferior  value.     The  practical 
working  of  the  movement  will  tend  to  create  for  it  a 
peculiar  literature  of  its  own.     This  in  itself  will  be  a 
great  gain  to  the  cause  of  popular  enlightenment.     The 
model  of  style  appropriate  to  primers  of  science,  of  let- 
ters, of  history,  of  political  economy,  and  of  other  such 
branches  of  human  knowledge  as  will  be  likely  to  en- 
gage the  attention  of  your  "  Circle,"  must  necessarily 
exert  a  most  salutary  influence  for  clearness,  directness, 
and  simplicity,  on  all  the  current  literary  production  of 
the  times.     Besides,  the  success  of  your  enterprise  will 
multiply  readers  of  books,  and  so  stimulate  writers  to 
produce.     It  will  be  very  sure  also  to  awaken  and  de- 
velop literary  and  scientific  ability  in  minds  where  it 
would  otherwise  lie   dormant   and   useless,   and   thus 
increase   the   intellectual  wealth  of  mankind.     It  will 
enlighten  and  invigorate  public  sentiment  to  favor  insti- 
tutions of  higher  education. 

In  short,  your  proposal,  in  degree  as  it  is  carried  into 
successful  execution,  will  prove  a  useful  agency  in  help- 
ing forward  the  always  exigent  cause  of  mental,  moral, 
social,  political,  and  religious  progress  among  men.  I 
send  you  my  heartiest  God-speed  in  the  good  work  to 
which  you  have  now  given  the  pledge  of  your  reputation 
worthily  won  in  kindred  undertakings  for  the  public 
advantage. 

Most  cordially,  WILLIAM  C.  WILKINSON. 


[LKINSON. 


rifE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ,05 

Dr.  Warren  — .  "  Anr] 
thing  may  be  done,  how  .ver;ch'urch  "''""J  '"'"  '"<= 
from  which  all  these  influences  „.       ^^    '  "  ""''^ 
catmg  the  acceptance  of  the  ,dea  Uv  ^°  °^' '  '^  '""'• 
practical  minds  in  the  great  ritv?  ^^  °"'  °^  "'^  ">»«' 
you  a  letter  from  the  pf  to  o   fh!  r,'"  l"'^'  ~  '  ^-^ 
gers.     This  pastor  is  no  la  '       ,     "'^  °^  '^'  ^tran- 

refer  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Chlr     TDermsT/  M^T'     ' 

"  '  ■  Adeems  of  New  York." 

My  DEAR  Doctor  v.  ,  """"'""•'■>""!■'>'»■ 
of  a  Chautauqua  UteTarv'd'  ."■'"•?'  '^^S^---tlon 
my  heartiest  Ipprobat  oZ  PV  Jom e  ^^'^  "^'^ 
been  pondering  a  similar  idea  The  dii^r,;  '  '''" 
suggested  themselves  to  mp  ,.,  1 ,  .  '•'"'eulties  which 
I  had  connected  the  idea  witlt  ''''  ^'^^PPeared  if 
tauqua.     I  now  wonde   that  "'""'''''  °'  ^hau- 

do  so.     In  the  "Church  o    the  St^'  '"^^  ^"""^^  '° 
classes  enumerated  in  yo^r  IZ   I    ^"'     ^'^  ^"  '^e 
iness  men  who  hav    no^en  fo"  ^  cT-    "^^  "^^^  "- 
to  whom  one  hour  devoted  Tolit!^^'"'  advantages, 
culture,  with  a  purpose  wouWh"^  ""*   '^'«"«fic 
of  great  advantage  to  llfrin       '."  '«^"^«"3l  tonic 
also  the  class  of  mot  er   J  u  de "rib    '"f  V   "^^  "'^^ 
men  engaged  at  trades   and  in  b        '"''  °^  """  ^"""S 
few  "young  ladies  of  leisure   '  b,^"""'f '     "^^  ''^^^  ^ 
young  ladies  who  have  little  I'eisurl  T  ^J"  ™'"^  "'"'"^ 
m'nds  as   their  more  favor.!:    "'^  ""^^^  ^'  ^"S^t 
greater  desire  for  cult  rblare^  "'   T"^"^  ^ 
f'ave  a  greater  sense  of  i^s  need      T.    "'^  ^^'  "'"^ 
especially  for  which  I  desired  to  ,        /''  ""'  ^^^'^ 
meets  this  want.      A  four  '^f    .    P™"''"-     '^'""-  P'a" 

'""'•-years    course  might  be  ar- 


il 


I  il 


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■I-  '^' 


io6 


T//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT, 


m 

ranged,  with  thorough  annual  examinations,  and  a  di- 
ploma  at  the  close.  You  may  rely  upon  my  hearty  co- 
operation. 

Wishing  the   scheme  the  most  complete  success,  I 
remain 

Cordially  your  friend.  CHARLES  F.  DEEMS. 

Dr.  Warren.  —  "Years  ago  our  ears  were  dinned  to 
vvearmess  with  the  glories  of  the  Prussian  system  of 
common-school  education.     A  few  years  afterwards  it 
was  discovered,  excellent  as  that  system  of  education 
was,  that  in  consequence  of  the  lack  of  books,  of  papers, 
of  stimulus  to  read,  many  of  those   perfectly  trained 
children  forgot  their  instruction,  and  ceased  to  remem- 
ber  how  to  read.     To  start  a  soul  upw?    ■  in  the  ways 
of  knowledge,  and  then  leave  it  with  no  .icitement  to 
go  forward,  is  certainly  a  great  blunder.     I  am  not  sure 
but  the  last  state  of  that  man  would  be  worse  than  the 
first.     Let   us   remember,  God   has   spread   the  great 
pages  of  his  work  above  us,  and  says  to  every  one  of  us 
as  he  said  unto  Abraham,  '  Lift  up  now  thine  eyes  on 
high,  and  behold  and  number  the  stars,  if  thou  be  able  ' 
Let  us  remember  he  has  put  the  Word  in  the  pages 
that  are  at  our  feet,  and  has  said,  '  Consider  the  lilies 
of  the  field.'     Referring  to  life  and  zoology,  he  wants 
us  to  take  note  of  the  very  sparrows.     The  people  are 
ready ;  all  that  is  needed  is  the  presentation  of  a  plan 
The  plan  is  before  you :  take  it  to  your  heads,  take  it 
to  your  hearts.     [Applause.]  " 

Dr.  Vincent  then  read  the  following  letter  from  the 
President  of  Boston  University : 


,1-. 


F.  DEEMS. 


THE  CHAUTAUQir,^   MOVEI^ENT.  ,^j 

Rev.  Dr.  Vincent,  Plainfield,  N.J.  «o"on,  juiy  ,o,  ,878. 

My  dear  Brother Tu« 

of  the  .oth  inst  slrfe?!""""'''.-'^'  ^"^"^  i"  yours 

which  you  have  clonpL        ?    ^  °^  ''"""^  education 

When  some  o    thewo    cl  brT.'"  '"'""'^'^  ='"''  *-«• 
it,  they  will  no  iZht^^^l  ^^""''^  ^"'^'«  hear  of 
volcanic  protest  Igain      ft  °  P''' '°"' """"'=^«'''« 
device  of  th,  evil  S  If      ■^^'"""e  "  ^^  ^  "ew 
racy  for  the  p "Jo  ^o    1  h!,"""^  ^"'^  "'"->  democ 
gat-ug  sciolism  f  but  w^en  tt'"^  "'^"''"^  '"'  P™?^' 
himself  shall  come  to  in  "i  ';„!:"?'  ^^  '"''""'^^ 
read  his  only  Lord    kZ  ,      "'   "'''°   'hat   has 

and  seen  the'  importance   he'  ^  ta"h"   '°  ^°""^  ^°"'' 
self-instruction   can  for  ,  ''''"  '°  ''°°'<^  and 

syslm  oTedS^is""".''^'  "'""'"'  "''-h  every 

3trong;nametrre:  ed7e ir  hit  ^^^^"^  '^ 
round.      And   you  seem  to  carrv  .^  '^  *'  ^"^^ 

students  forward  to  the  nn,W  T  "^  ^^^^  home 
if  they  cannot  hav  he  helo  oT  r  "k'^  "'"  ^°  ^'°"«' 
cases  there  will,  of  co„r  Ve  aiLre  °tt  •'"  ""^"^ 
more  t.iere  will  be  success      Tn  '     "'  '"   «^"y 

-ss.  I  shall  be  mor        fn  ever'ZT'T  '"  '"^  '"=■ 

and  confident   as   to    its   future  'Ziu"''  """'^>'' 
ever  """^e-     ^ith    best   wishes, 

Vours  fraternally 

■'■iiiy,  w.  F.  WARREN. 


io8 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT 


1 


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Dr.  Vincent  then  said.  "I  hold  a  very  delicate  bit  of 
paper  in  my  hand.    Last  summer  I  enjoyed  the  pleasure 
of  an  interview  with  William  Cullen  Bryant.    I  explained 
to  him  fully  the  system  which  we  contemplated.    I  wrote 
him  afterward  a  long  letter,  defining  it  more  clearly,  if 
possible  ;  and  through  friends  that  were  conversant  with 
the  scheme,  that  distinguished  man  became  thoroughly 
acquainted  with  our  aims  and  methods.     While  in  Lon 
don  a  few  weeks  ago,  I  received  from  him  the  following 
letter,  written  in  his  own  hand,  ~ written  but  a  few 
weeks  before  his  death.      This  letter  has  never  been 
read  in  public,  and  has  never  appeared  in  print." 

New  Vork,  May  18,  1S78. 

My  dear  Sir,  ^  I  cannot  be  present  at  the  meeting 
called  to  organize  the  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scien- 
tific Circle ;  but  I  am  glad  that  such  a  movement  is  on 
foot,  and  wish  it  the  fullest  success.     There  is  an  at- 
tempt to  make  science,  or  a  knowledge  of  the  laws  of 
the  material  universe,  an  ally  of  the  school  which  denies 
a  separate  spiritual  existence  and  a  future  life ;  in  short 
to  borrow  of  science  weapons  to  be  used  against  Chris- 
tianity.     The  friends  of  religion,  therefore,  confident 
that  one   truth   never  contradicts   another,  are  doing 
wisely  when  they  seek  to  accustom  the  people  at  large 
to  think  and  to  weigh  evidence  as  well  as  believe     By 
giving  a  portion  of  their  time  to  a  vigorous  training  of 
the  intellect,  and  a  study  of  the  best  books,  men  gain 
the  power  to   deal   satisfactorily  with  questions  with 
which  the  mind  might  otherwise  become  bewildered 
It  is  true  that  there  is  no  branch  of  human  knowledge 
so  important  as  that  which  teaches  the  duties  that  we 


fi 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT  109 

owe  to  God  and  to  earh    -'-0,. .       j  .1 

makes  him  who  obevs  ii-  a  m      •  ,  '     '^^^'^ 

r-  Lue   purpose   of   showing   the   HifFf.r^«f 

spheres  occupied  bv  scienrf>  ^n^      r   •  a^tterent 

bers  a  common  p^trsuTtJh.cU     ,      """u^"'  "^^  "'^"'- 
of  brotherhood;  ?hey  will  h 'v^      ""^'  ""^ets  a  feeling 

which  o  h  rwse  St  h    '"'"'"'  """^'  endowments, 
unknown,  win  be  s"  mu  ate/i'tr'"'*  uncultivated  and 

tZ^^t^^^'  an^ZieS 
afce  p,i-Srar"^^^ 

of  liL'i'h  t^  LT;err:Lrf  '^"^'"? '-^^  ""-^  ^p- 

results  of  the  plan  whichT    ,      "";'  ""^  ^"'^''''^  ^nd 
I  am  sir         V       .    f  '''■"'""  ^""^  "^  this  letter. 


no 


it  ) 


r 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


After  the  reading  of  the  letter  of  Mr.  Bryant,  Bishop 
Foster  of  Boston  said,  "  We  live  to  learn.     Were  it  not 
for  the  history  of  Chautauqua,  I  should  look  upon  the 
scheme  which  has  been  opened  to  you  to-day  as  one  of 
the  most  gigantic  chimeras  I  ever  heard  of ;  but  with 
that  history  lying  back  of  me,  ...  I  begin  to  look 
upon  It  as  a  grand  and  glorious  something  that  has 
a  future  to  it.     One  of  the  saddest  spectacles  to  my 
mmd,  despite  the  beauty  of  our  civilization,— a  civili- 
zation unsurpassed  by  any  recorded  in  the  history  of 
time,  — is  the  vast  outlying  acres   and   continents   of 
fallow  mmd ;  mind  unapprised  of  its  power  and  of  its 
heritage ;  and,  if  possible,  still  more  sad,  the  vast  fields 
of  hungry  and  unhappy  mind,  not  knowing  where  to 
look  for  help.     I  have  long  believed  that  in  the  unedu- 
cated  —  I  do  not  mean  now  the  term  in  a  strict  sense, 
but  the  uneducated  in  the  higher  walks  of  learning,  — 
there  is  a  state  of  hunger,  of  desire,  that  is  unappre- 
ciated by  educated  men.     I  have  recognized  it  in  my 
ministry,  bringing  before  the  people  from  time  to  time 
the  great  fundamental  and  grand  truths  of  religion  which 
are  so  generally  ignored  and  neglected  by  the  pulpit     I 
have  heard  time  and  again,  that  the  people  cannot  ap- 
preciate discussion, -that  they  will  weary  of  discussions 
of  that  kind.     I  am  here  to  say,  after  an  experience  of 
forty  years,  that  the  profoundest  discussions  my  mind 
has  ever  been  able  to  elaborate  have  been  the  most  en- 
trancing to  the  common  people.     They  have  Hstened  to 
them  with  the  greatest  possible  eagerness,  and  I  believe 
they  have   produced   the   most   profound   and  blessed 
truths.     I  am  thoroughly  convinced  that  there  is  a  hun- 
ger of  mind  abroad  in  the  land,  —  in  the  rural  districts, 


n£  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMEA'T.  ,  ,  , 

school  thought  and  school  l!f  '''^quainted  with 

-that  we  do  not  understand "n"^  '"  "'  "^''''  ''"^'' 
'ieve  that  this  moveme'f  which  rn?'?^  ^""^  '  "«" 
succeed  in  accomplishing  twl  «,  "'  '^""^^'^  "'"' 

beneficial.  It  win  SerTo  a  ^"^'  "'''  "'"  "^  ^^-^r 
that  have  gone  beyond  1  "'"  """"'^^  "^  "'"rts 
study  and  prosecutTf  to^e^e^n  °  'f  "Vf -^^'^'^ 
them  an  outlook  into  th^  fi.u     r  '  "^'^  ■'""S  to 

education  in  the  o  d  „arv  fo™  L  '™"'-  ^^^«  ^^^ool 
the  hands  of  men  instrl°T  ?  '  '""P'^ '°  P"'  '"to 
of  knowledge.     It  Z^Z  '"°''"'''  '^'  P««"it 

nishes  the  mean  of  f;rther:r^"'"°"'^'«^'  ''"*^"- 
door  to  lead  out  the  thoiht  to Tav"'LV'  i'  °''^"^  "'^ 
map  of  what  is  to  be  con„,,'  f^  °'^  "'^  "'"d  *e 
sessed.  When  men  pas!  ou"  f  t'h"  "^ ,"  *°  "^  P^ 
information,  I  do  not  InH  i  '  °°' ^'"'°"' tl^'^ 
utter  inanity  andlLll  ^X"  bt:^;"'"'^  '"" 

opened  to  il  Sat  it^shouHfe  atlo  loT   '"^   ''-- 
great  world  of  truth  in  everv  Hit  ?  "^  °"'  '"'^  '^e 

ness  and  infinitude;  a"nSorano;te "f  "^  ^^^'■ 
to  go  out  and  possess  it      r  Zr         l  'nformation 

nish  this  information  o  a  b  '  ""'  ''''°°'  ^"'  f"r- 
have  passed  beyond  the  ag  of  sr™,'"  °'  *°^^  "'>° 
fore  congratulate  you  and  our  .?'  ''"''^-  ^  '^'''■ 
civilization,  on  theCeption  „f  .K    ""■^'  '""  °"  S^^^' 

"T^bi'firsTyt-^^  -  X-:"  Sar^r-^  ^ 

embr:cfrthT;oLr;bir '^--  -"~  ^t 

«  v^iccas  iiiort  History 


I 


i">     I 


112 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


M 


it 


1;! 


f' 


pi 


it!      •: 
Wl     i 


of  the  English  People ;  Chautauqua  Text-Book  No   4 
Outhnes  of   English  History ;   Chautauqua  Text-Book 
No.   5,    Outlines   of   Greek   History;   Mahaffey's    Old 
'Greek  Life ;  Stopford  Brooke's  Primer  of  English  Liter- 
ature ;  Chautauqua  Text-Book  No.  6,  Greek  Literature  • 
Chautauqua  Text-Book  No.  2,  on  Studies  of  the  Stars  ' 
Warren's  Recreations  in  Astronomy ;  J.  Dorman  Steele's 
Human  Physiology ;  Hurst's  Outlines  of  Bible  History  • 
^  and  Pierce's  Word  of  God  Opened.     Over  eight  thou- 
sand four  hundred  names  were  enrolled  the  first  year 
in  the  class  of  1882.     At  the  suggestion  of  wise  and 
practical  friends  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  a  modification  was 
made  m  the  plan  of  study,  by  which  the  readings  of 
the  several  classes  for  any  one  year  should  be  substan- 
tially the  same,  thus  securing  the  benefit  of  unity  in 
the  classes  of  the  several  years. 

Many  who  undertook  the  course  of  study  became 
discouraged,  and  dropped  out  entirely.  Many  continued 
to  read  portions  of  the  course,  keeping  up  their  relation 
to  the  Circle,  but  not  attempting  to  graduate  at  the  end 
of  four  years.  In  1882, 1,718  members  of  the  first  class 
received  their  diploma.  "Recognition  Day"  (Com- 
mencement Day,  as  it  was  then  called)  was  a  great  day 
at  Chautauqua.  A  report  of  the  proceedings  as  pub- 
lished in  "The  Chautauquan"  will  give  some  idea  of 
the  enthusiasm  which  prevailed. 

Graduation  in  theC.L.S.C.  simply  means  that  the 
college  outlook  has  been  compleied,  and  that  the 
reader,  having  received  his  diploma,  begins  a  more 
thorough  course  of  reading  in  lines  of  his  own  choice. 
A  large  number  of  reading  courses  are  provided.  On 
the  diploma  are  thirty-one  blank  spaces  on  which  seals 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  XI3 

cIats"o?i88f l'\'  ff  ^'"■'  •"^""'^"  of  «he  C.L.S.C 

Class  or  1 082  looked  forward  to  thf-  i-n-u     c   a 

their  day  of  graduation.     When  the  davL™"^"''  'I 

about  eight  hundred  members  of  th.T  /■°"°'^' 

the  C  I,  <?  r  Koj        •  ^""^^"^^  of  the  class,  each  with 

L.L.t,.C.  badge  pmned  over  the  heart,  were  in  th. 

.^iTzrrsr  C"  'i"l  »•* 

laea.     1  fte  sun  shone  from  a  cloudless  stv  f  1,0    • 
dress   and  cottages  and  public  buildings  were  hand 

feZentingl'^UTaSheV"^'^  ^'  ^^"'^^^^■ 
Territories      m!7  ^  ^""O"'  ^"'^  ""'^  "f  'he 

■km  h„„,„,  „„„j  ,„  „j  ih.  "-l. 


li  •! 


II  'i 


i M 


if    i 


I   ^i    • 


f  i  ,      ':  I 


1 

;  1       !'; 

114  r//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

"A  song  is  thrilling  through  the  trees, 
And  vibrant  through  the  air; 
Ten  thousand  hearts  turn  hitherward, 

And  gieet  us  from  afar; 
And  through  the  happy  tide  of  song, 

That  blends  our  hearts  in  one, 
The  voices  of  the  absent  flow 

In  tender  undertone. 
Then  bear  along,  O  wings  of  song. 
Our  happy  greeting  glee, 
*  From  centre  to  the  golden  verge, 

Chautauqua  to  the  sea." 

.u  \  ^f  "r '  ^^""^^^  '"  ^^^  '^^'^^^^  °^  ^hich  is  located 
the  Hall  of  Philosophy,  seemed  to  breathe  the  spirit  of 
the  day.     Four  years  ago,  in  this  place,  the  C.  L  S  C 
was   organized,    before   the    Hall    of    Philosophy  was 
erected,  or  the  grove  was  cleared,  improved,  or  beauti- 
tied.     The  Hall  was  adorned  for  the  day,  and  all  the 
surroundmgs  wore   a   classic  air.  •  On   its   supporting 
pillars,  looking  inward,  were  the  busts  of  "vast  Plato  " 
the  great  philosopher  of  Greece,  Socrates  his  master 
Homer  the   poet  of  the  world,  Virgil  of  noble   song 
Goethe  the  greatest   genius   of   Germany,  and   Shak- 
spere   the  greater  genius  of  England.     Between  the 
pillars  were  suspended  sixteen   hanging  baskets  filled 
with  choicest   plants,  beautiful   in   flower  and  foliage 
Large  urns  filled  with  rare  plants  were  placed  on  either 
side  of  the  arch-guarded  walk.     The  line  of  march  for 
the  class  from  Merrill  Avenue  to  the  Hall  passed  be- 
neath four  high  and  broad  arches, -the  first  golden 
passed  by  the  class  of  1882,  and  to  be  passed  by  every 
graduating  class  in  the  future ;  the  second  evergreen  • 
the  third  floral ;  and  the  fourth  rustic,  -  all  magnificently 


^"^  CHAaTACfQaA  MoyEMENT.  us 

surround -the  Hall  of  eithef  iZ/'o  "  K  "'  '™""'^'^' 
lamp-stands  and  lamps  o„Uch  at  ni  t  k  "'^^  '"^ 
Athenian  watch-fires     Thl    i  ""^  '""""^'^  ^e 

full  of  meaning  and  thJ  ,  ^  ""'  """'  °"g'"^>  ^"d 
Too  much  pal;  cannot  tT'TT  ^"'  ^""P'^'"^- 
Esq.,  Dr.  vLcent  and  1  '  ^T^"^  '°  ^'^''  Miller, 
ful  issue  this  irportLttr  ''°  ''°"''' '°  ^  — ' 

was  organized  in  froll'/t^ttaTeTD?  ^H  T" 

Mea™  le    Penn     IT''  "'  North-western  Band,  o 
uviiie,   i-enn.,   with   seventeen   pieces    Pmf     r 

Messrs.  W.K.  H.  mJ.:;^  WiSer^^r-^ 

Dr.    Lyman   Ahb^t'i^l^^ef  .^rrH^G^t; 
(messenger);  and  others.     The  line  !f  „      u         "^" 
Lake  Avenue  to  Cookman   ,,n  r    ,        """  "'^^  °"' 
through  Fletcher  to  Haven   un  H°        '"  '°  ^'"^''^■•' 
Philosophy      Manv  nf  ^r      ^      '''''"  '°  "'^  «3"  "f 
line  of  march   were      'tr   T^^''  ""^  ''"''  °"  "^e 
streamers,  whlmottoffandt""'''  T'''  "^^^  ^'«' 
■end  an  unusual  chaC  to  ^he  'iT'  "^'^"'^  "^^^'^  *° 

Avit:  tt  sot  i:t:  Tef  r  r  r  ^"^-^  ^"->'- 

the  class  of  .88  ,  gXeJinfh         'if  "'""^^^  °' 
..teof  St.  Paul's'  Srol^pa    erto^mr"'  "'  ''' 


the 


passage 


II! 


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Ii6 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


■;  X 


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of  the  honored  Superintendent  and  Counsellors,  giving 
them  the  warmest  expressions  of  regard  and  honor  as 
they  passed.     On  reaching  the  junction  of  Clark  and 
Haven  Avenues,  the  band  took  its  position  on  the  outer 
field,  while  the  Superintendent  and  Counsellors  passed 
into  the  great  Hall,  being  soon  joined  by  Dr    W   C 
Wilkinson,  the   third   of  the   Counsellors   able   to  be 
present.     The  Hall  of  Philosophy  was  well  guarded  by 
the  faithful  keepers  of  the  grove,  under  the  direction 
of  Marshal  J.  D.  Pepper,  and  none  were  permitted  to 
cross  the  sacred  lines  save  the  officials  of  the  day 
^^  Promptly  at  9.58,  Division  No.  IV.  —composed  of  the 
"C.  L.  S.  C.  Glee  Club,"  eight  members.  Prof.  C  C 
Case  conductor;  and  the  "Choir  of  the  Hall  in  the 
Grove,"  thirty-seven   members.   Prof.   W.   F.   Sherwin 
conductor— entered  the  sacred  enclosure,  and  took  ap- 
pointed  positions,  the  "  Choir  of  the  Hall  in  the  Grove  " 
m  the  rear  of  the  Floral  Procession,  and  facing  the  walk 
from  St.  Paul's  Gate ;  the  "  Glee  Club  "  at  the  right  of 
the  platform  in  the  Hall  of   Philosophy,  Miss  Fannie 
A.  Compton  presiding  at  the  organ. 

At  the  stroke  of  the  great  Chautauqua  bell  announ- 
cing the  hour  of  ten  o'clock,  the  members  of  the  grad- 
uating class,  standing  together  outside  of  St.  Paul's 
Grove,  read  responsively,  Dr.  S.  J.  M.  Eaton  leading 
m  the  first  section,  and  Rev.  J.  L.  Hurlbut  leading  in 
the  second  section,  as  follows :  — 

First  Section.  -  Surely  there  is  a  vein  for  the  silver,  and  a 
place  for  gold  where  they  fine  it. 

Second  Section.-  Iron  is  taken  out  of  the  earth,  and  brass  is 
molten  out  of  the  stone. 

First  Section.  -  He  setteth  an  end  to  darkness,  and  search^th 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ,,7 

Z^!  perfection .  .he  stones  of  darkness,  and  the  shadow  of 

are  gone  away  from  men  "'" '  ""^  "'  dried  up,  they 

und^U^u^d °up  aTult  f """ '""  "' "  '°™">  "-O  ■  -« 
andJuTa*  dtroT^oil  '"•'^  ^"'""  °'  "  ^  '"^  P-'  "I  sapphires. 

wh,^nh?Xr:"e7e  to"n'o?se'e?  "''''  ""  '""'  """«"-'* 
.hetr  hon  p^ed  b7  i^"'  "°"'^  "'■='"'  ""^  "<«  '-=>Oen  i,  nor 

Second  Section  -—  Hp  o,  ff  *u 
andhiseyeseetheJe^preeiontr'      "'  ""™^  '"'  "*^'- 

.he  .;•:«  tt^rjdir^;-"  --f ""  °-'^--  - 

wJ^TtLS„7de'rl„1;r;/''^"  -■--  ^'  '°»«.'  an. 

is  ifCdlrtranTo'^riMr""' *'•'"•-  *"-''  -"-er 

Second  Section. —  The  deoA  «„-rt,  i.  • 
sea  saith,  It  is  roe  with  me  '      "  ''°' '"  ™i  and  the 

-'2'4 ■~-pTce"t'e':i"""'  '"  ^°"'  "^'*^'  ^''=^' 

witfthrp^edo'u:  ,  oi^thTsT^phirr'"'  "'*  '"^ «°"  °'  ^p^-- 

^n!li:V^Z''ont2n':l^f  '''  ''^"^'  "»"<"  equal  it; 

Second  Section      n1  '"' ''""''  °'  «"e  gold. 

Pe^.s;  ^orthe^roTlrmTairX"^^^  °'  ^°^"'^  "  "' 

nei.';::r^^i:r.;;e?:i.rrure;r-'-''-  -  ^-h, 

erfargafe,  s"id -''  """"«^^'  ^'-"'"^  ^«side  the 


ii8 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


lief 

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i  :r  , 

"  I  come  to  inform  all  candidates  for  enrolment  in  the 
•  Society  of  the  Kail  in  the  Grove,'  that  the  hour  ap- 
pointed for  your  reception  has  arrived ;  the  Hall  has 
been  set  in  order;  the  Path  through  the  Grove  has 
been  opened ;  the  Arches  under  which  you  must  pass 
have  been  erected ;  the  Key  which  will  open  this  Gate 
has  been  placed  in  my  hands.     And  to  you  who,  as 
members   of  the   Chautauqua  Literary  and   Scientific 
Circle,  have  completed  the  four  years'  course  of  read- 
ing, and  now  hold  in  your  hands  a  pledge  of  the  same, 
I  extend,  in  the  name  of  the  authorities,  a  welcome  into 
St.  Paul's  Grove,  under  the  First  Arch.     And  let  the 
watchmen  guard  carefully  the  Gate." 

The  immense  throng  gathered  on  all  sides  of  the 
grove  gazed  with  astonishment  upon  the  scene,  as  the 
parted  gates  admitted  to  the  sacred  enclosure  the  throng 
of  candidates  for  the  high  honors  of  the  Chautauqua 
Literary  and   Scientific   Circle.     Suspended   over   the 
great  archway  of  the  gates,  was  the  memorial  silk  flag 
borne  by  Dr.  A.  D.  Vail  through  all  the  great  educa- 
tional and  religious  centres  of  Europe  and  Asia,  unfurled 
by  him  on  the  Pyramids  and  the  heights  of  Jerusalem 
and  swung  aloft  from  the  spires  of  Rome  and  London' 
On  the   keystone  of   the  gateway  arch,  stood  out    in 
bold  relief  the  sculptured  green  leaf,  the  badge  of  the 
C.  L.  S.  C.  fraternity.     Beneath  these  memorials  and  em- 
blems, slowly,  four  abreast,  led  by  the  Marshal,  W.  A. 
Duncan,  the  grand  body  of  the  class  passed  up  the  walk 
under  the  "  Second  "  and  "Third  "  arches,  halting  for  a 
moment  just  before  reaching  the  "Fourth"  arch.     Over 
this  arch  and  inwrought  with  it,  were  the  talismanic 
figures  "1882,"  surmounted  by  the  Cross. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMEAT.  ,,9 

Just  outside  of  the  Hnll  fi,. 
thirty-six  little  girls  dres,.  I  ,  P.™'"''"'™  "^^  met  by 
wreaths,  bearing  eak  fort  I  "'  '"''  "°*""'  *'th 
flowers  and  hung  on  L  arm"  bf' '"'  ■^1"'  "^^^  '^"^"  -'" 
their  baskets  the  "wee  b  t  la^i'  ^'"^  ''""'''"■  J^™™ 
in  the  pathway  of  thlelass  rfs/  v ''  '""^  """^^^ 
men  "kind  o' choke  up  'and  turn  '°""  ^^^  ""^ 

ment,  and  women  beein  Xnl  '"™./"'^>' '"  embarrass- 

Chautauqua  salute  Xn^he  e"  a  ";"  "^^  '°  "^^  ^ 
of  grace"  approached  Ind  at  the  f  '"'^  "'"'''«" 
earnest  faces  of  the  graduates  lit!  ?^-  '^'  ^'''''' 

never  a  smile  on  a  chifdWace  "  '""''■     ^"' 

to  them.     No  one  that  davl  '"■""'  ''"''"^^^ 

part.  In  the  Amphitheatre  IT  'T'  '°  ^"  "^"  '''^ 
homage  by  enthusial"  ^u  *  St'J"  "'r"^'  '"^ 
whom  Professor  Hurlbut  h wt  *PP'a"«e  for  them, 

of  the  future. "  Mrs  Beard'i^H^  """'"^"  '^'  ^-  L-  S.  C 
of  the  procession  She  wfsefficre".r"'*'^  "'^P°^"-y 
Helen  Savage  and  Mr  Wm/  p  ^  "'"'"^'^  "^^  Miss 
and  Mr.  G.  I.  Ryckman  'f  R  !'"°"^^'  °^  ^^^Wyn, 
flowers.  ^y<='^man  of  Brocton,  who  furnished  the 

Out  upon  the  sweet  air  of  tu^ 

the  "Song  of  To-Day  fom  the  rr°™?^  P°"^''  f°^'h 
Grove,  while  the  coTumn  nT,  ^  ■"■  °^  *^  "^"  m  'he 
it  to  repletion.  P"''"^  °"  '"">  'he  Hall,  filling 

A   SONG   OF  TC-DAY. 

Sing paans  over  the  Past! 

To  find  them  again  i„  eternity. 
Safe  m  its  circle  vast. 
Sing  psans  over  tlie  Past  I 


120  THE  CHAUTAUQUA   AfOVEMENT. 


W  il- 


'         k 


'»  . 


Farewell,  farewell  to  the  Old  ! 
Beneath  the  arches,  and  one  by  one, 
From  sun  to  shade,  and  from  shade  to  sun, 

We  pass,  and  the  3ears  are  told. 

Farewell,  farewell  to  the  Old  ! 

Arise  and  possess  the  land  ! 
Not  one  shall  fail  in  the  march  of  life. 
Not  one  shall  fail  in  the  hour  of  strife. 

Who  trusts  in  the  Lord's  right  hand. 

Arise  and  possess  the  land  I 

And  hail,  all  hail  to  the  New ! 
The  future  lies  like  a  world  new-born, 
All  steeped  in  sunshine  and  dews  of  morn, 

And  arched  with  a  cloudless  blue. 

All  hail,  all  hail  to  the  New ! 

All  things,  all  things  are  yours ! 
The  spoil  of  nations,  the  arts  sublime 
That  arch  the  ages  from  eldest  time, 

The  Word  that  for  aye  endures,  — 

All  things,  all  things  are  yours ! 

The  Lord  shall  divide  the  sea, 
And  open  a  way  in  the  wilderness 
To  faith  that  follows,  to  feet  that  press 

Into  the  great  To  Be. 

The  Lord  shall  divide  the  sea  ! 

M.  A.  Lathburv,  1882. 

While  the  graduates  were  taking  their  places  in  the 
Hall,  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  Glee  Club  sang  No.  17,  the  "Song 
of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  for  1880;"  all  the  officials  upon  the 
platform,  joined  by  all  the  members  of  the  class,  heartily 
uniting  in  the  outburst  of  melody. 


S 

of  ; 

of  t 
Abb 
TJ 
Dr. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT, 

"A  song  Is  thrilling  through  the  tree«. 
And  vibrant  through  the  air; 
Ten  thousand  hearts  turn  hltherward, 
And  greet  us  from  afar- 

And  through  the  happy  tide  of  song, 

That  blends  our  hearts  in  one. 
The  voices  of  the  absent  flow 
in  tender  undertone. 

Then  bear  along,  O  wings  of  song, 

Our  happy  greeting  glee, 
From  centre  to  the  golden  verge. 
Chautauqua  to  the  sea. 

"Fair  Wisdom  builds  her  temple  here, 
Her  seven-pillared  dome  ; 

^?J^^";^';d^«he  spreads  her  hands, 
And  greets  her  children  home;  ' 

Not  all  may  gather  at  her  shrine 

To  smg  of  victories  won, 
Then- names  are  graven  on  her  walls  - 

God  bless  them,  every  one  !  -  Chorus. 

"  O  happy  circle,  ever  wide 
And  wider  be  thy  sweep, 
Till  peace  and  knowledge  fill  the  earth 

As  waters  fill  the  deep- 
Tin  hearts  and  homes  ar^  touched  to  life. 

Tin  that  fair  day,  clasp  hands  and  say- 
God  bless  us,  every  one  !  _  Chorus- 

Standing  on  the  platform  were  th^^  Q,        • 
of  Instruction,  Dr.  Vincent -t       .^^'  ^"P^^^^endent 

of  the   Chautauqua   Board     'and   Cou        "'  '^''"^'^"^ 
Abbott,  and  Wilkinson         '  Counsellors  Warren, 


121 


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M  i     -i 


122 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


SUPT.  —  Whence  then  cometh  wisdom  ?  and  where  is  the  place 
of  understanding? 

Class.  —  Seeing  it  is  hid  from  the  eyes  of  all  living,  and  kept 
close  from  the  fowls  of  the  air. 

SuPT.  — Destruction  and  death  say,  We  have  heard  the  fame 
thereof  with  our  ears. 

Class.  —  God  understandeth  the  way  thereof,  and  he  knoweth 
the  place  thereof. 

SupT.— For  he  looketh  to  the  ends  of  the  earth,  and  seeth 
under  the  whole  heaven  : 

Class.  —  To  make  the  weight  for  the  winds ; 

SuPT.  —  And  he  weigheth  the  waters  by  measure. 

Class.  —  When  he  made  a  decree  for  the  rain,  and  a  way  for 
the  lightning  of  the  thunder : 

SupT.  — Then  did  he  see  it,  and  declare  it:  he  prepared  it,  yea, 
and  searched  it  out. 

Class.  —  And  unto  man  he  said,  Behold,  the  fear  of  the  Lord, 
that  is  wisdom ;  and  to  depart  from  evil  is  understanding. 

SuPT.  —  Add  to  your  faith  virtue,  and  to  virtue  knowledge. 

Class.  —  Happy  is  the  man  that  findeth  wisdom ; 

SuPT.  — And  the  man  that  getteth  understanding  (Prov.  iii.  13). 

Class.  —  For  the  merchandise  of  it  is  better  than  the  merchan- 
dise of  siker,  and  the  gain  thereof  than  fine  gold  (Prov.  iii.  14). 

SuPT.  —  She  is  more  precious  than  rubies : 

Class.  —  And  all  things  thou  canst  desire  are  not  to  be  com- 
pared unto  her  (PrOv.  iii.  15). 

SupT.  —  Length  of  days  is  in  her  right  hand ; 

Class.  — And  i.i  her  left  hand  riches  and  honor  (Prov.  iii.  16). 

SupT.  —  Her  ways  are  ways  of  pleasantness,  and  all  her  paths 
are  peace  (Prov.  iii.  17). 

Class.  —  She  is  a  tree  of  life  to  them  that  lay  hold  upon  her; 
and  happy  is  every  one  that  retaineth  her  (Prov.  iii.  18). 


At  this  point  the  beautiful  banner  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C, 
never  before  disclosed  to  the  public  eye,  was  unveiled, 
and  placed  in  front  of  the  platform,  and  its  uncovering 
was  received  with  rapturous  applause. 


the  place 
and  kept 

the  fame 
knoweth 

md  seeth 

i  way  for 
d  it,  yea, 
he  Lord, 
dge. 

.  iii.  13). 
merchan- 
i.  14). 

be  com- 


iii.  16). 
ler  paths 

3on  her; 


.  s.  c, 

iveiled, 
)vering 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  123 

•      1  ^u  ^i;?'^"^  ^^'^'  "  '^^^^  banne-r  is  a  gift  to  the  CW 

tXl'TiPr^ '"'''''  ^-^^^-  '^  Lewi  '^ii/;; 

i^resident  of  Chautauqua."     [Applause.] 

Ihe   Superintendent   of    Instructinn\^  i         j     , 
graduating  class  as  follows:!  "^^'"'''^   '^' 

andX^te^cr^  VZ'Z:''''''t '''  ^^^^^ 
mitted  to  thi«  .=      J         reading ;  you  have   been   ad- 

d^kttTdtFZf^"'-  ^°"  ''-^P^-ed  the  arches 
"Chautauqua  Literary  and  SfiTciL:"'^^  "^  ''' 

completed  with  you  the  prescribed  ^out  o^^^eldt ^a" 
accepted  and  approved  graduates  of  the  Chautluol  T  ? 
erary  and  Scientific  Circle  ;  and  that  you  are  entiledo 

"ThTL  Vk,*'  ^''"''y  °'  '"«  "'"  in  the  Grove  ■■ 
hi.  fl.  V  ''''  "'""'  '"'^  ^''P  '"ee ;  The  Lord  make 
Lord  .ft  n  "1"''°"  '''''•""'  "^  gracious  unto  theeTthe 
Lord  hft  up  h,s  countenance  upon  thee,  and  give  thee 

"THE  ANNIVERSARY  ODE   OF   ,879"  - 

aTSsT-  '""'^^'  '''''"  "^  '"^  ^'-^  "^  ^--^-tes, 

*' Bright  beams  again  Chautauqua's  wave 
And  green  her  forest  arches, 
As  with  glad  heart  and  purpose  brave 
The  student  homeward  n^arches."  '  * 


V 

'.If- 

'■-<'■■ 

«.-■ 


ifjiiil 


{  i  I  iiiit 


iilii! 


t  u 


124  T//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

Before  him  rose  the  pleasant  goal, 

Through  all  the  years'  endeavor, 
Blest  inspiration  of  the  soul ! 

For  light  aspiring  ever. 

Refrain. 

Once  more  we  stand,  a  joyous  band, 

Our  songs  to  heaven  up-sending; 
They  freely  rise,  a  sacrifice 

Of  prayer  and  praises  blending. 

"  Our  college  halls  are  grand  and  free, 

Her  charter  heaven-granted ; 
Her  roof  the  summer  crownM  tree, 

Where  nature's  hymns  are  chanted ; 
And  round  her  shall  her  children  cling 

With  loyal  love  and  duty. 
And  yearly  all  their  offerings  bring, 

Of  gathered  wealth  and  heauty.^  Re/rain. 

"  From  the  vast  ocean  shore  of  thought. 

We  bring  our  earliest  treasure, 
With  many  a  golden  memory  fraught. 

And  many  a  lofty  pleasure. 
We  offer  now  our  work  to  Him 

Whose  loving  light  hath  guided, 
Through  pathways  to  our  knowledge  dim, 

From  His  great  thought  divided.  ~  Re/ram:' 

Dr.  Vincent.  — "  We  are  now  prepared  to  move, 
according  to  the  order  of  the  Marshal,  to  the  Amphi- 
theatre. I  hope  to  greet  you  all  at  this  place,  accord- 
ing to  programme,  this  evening.  —  Mr.  Marshal,  we  are 
now  ready.  "^ 

The  procession  then  took  up  the  line  of  march  in  the 
following  order:  (i)  the  Band;  (2)  Floral  Division,  with 
their  emptied  baskets  (whose  contents  had  strewn  tke 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ,25 

way  from  the  Fourth  Arch  to  the  Hall  during  the  en- 

ZT-fs  n'  ?r.="^"««=^)'  (3)  'he  C.  L.  S.  C.  Class  of 
1882     (4    Dr.  Vincent,  Superintendent  of  Instruction 

W  C^T         '■'  ^-  ^-  ^"'■^"'  L^"-^"  Abbott,  and 
W  C.  Wilkinson,  m  line ;  (6)  the  Messenger,  Rev  A  H 
t'lllett,  the  General  Secretary  of  the  C.  L  S  C    A  m' 
Martin,  the  Recorder,  Rev.  W.  D  Bridge      '     " 

Av^nueT"''^  ''''  "■'  "'"  "'■'^  sate  on  Haven 
Avenue,  four  abreast,  marching  up   Haven   to   Clark 

tt'-Ch't^'"'  'I  '^~'""^"  Avenue,  where  it  met 
the  Chautauqua  Procession,"  standing  with  open 
ranks,  through  which  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  procession  passed 
with  uncovered  heads,  receiving  through  all  its  passage 

good  win  rrrf"''-  '"'  "^"''^^^  expreslons  of 
hll  f  !;  T..  ^''^"'^"I"^  Trustees,  waiting  at  the 
of  th.  r  t'  ^''^"'^"'J"^  P™<^--°n,  fell  in  at  f  he  rear 
01  tne  c.  U  b.  C.  procession,  and  passed  with  the  latter 
through  the  opened  ranks.  After  the  passage  of  the 
graduates,  etc.,  the  Chautauqua  procession,  A  K  War 

\T'  ^  k"u  !'  ?'°''''  '■^"''''  -countermarched,  and  fol- 
lowed  behind  the  Chautauqua  Trustees 

and  by  the  line  of  march,  all  joining  in  warmest  con! 
gratulations  as  the  procession  passed 

of  he  Amphitheatre,  the  band  took  up  its  position 
on  the  left  of  the  walk,  the  graduates  opened  ranks! 
through  which,  amid  a  constant  Chautauqua  salute,  the 
President,  the  Superintendent  of  Instruction,  Counsel! 
lors,  etc.,  passed  to  the  AmphW  atre,  and  to  theic 
place  on  the  platform. 


i\V- 


0^ 


m 


mi  '■■• 


i 


126 


If  < 


pl  U4 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


The  banner  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C. 
faci 


A       1  .,,  ,    .  -•  -.  vvas  placed  inside  the 

Amphitheatre,  facing  the  entrance,  the  streamers  pend- 
ent froni  Its  cross-bar  being  held  by  four  little  girls  - 

Mabd  ^^'''^   ^'"'^    ^^°^''    ^--^   ^--y'    -d 

of  thfc'ti'^'tr'A'^  '"'^  '^"p^"^'  ^^^  °^-- 

1  7'n  '  ^^  Chautauqua  Trustees,  etc.,  the 

classes  followed  and  took  their  seats  in  the  following 
order:  1882,   1883,  1884,   1885,   1886.  ^ 

nffl?^  ')l  ^Z''^?'""  7"'"  ^'""P^^  '^^  above-named 
officers,  the  faculty  of  the  C.  S.  L.,  Prof.  B.  P.  Bowne 

Miss  J.  E.  Bulkley  (Secretary  of  the  C.  T.  R.),  Bishop 
K.  S.  Foster  (who  was  received  with  rounds  of  ap- 
plause), and  others.;  ^ 

When  the  outer  entrances  of  the  Amphitheatre  were 
opened,  and  the  crowds  of  expectant  lookers-on  had 
filled  every  available  inch  of  space,  the  Marshal  of  the 
Day,  W.  A.  Duncan,  said,  "The  further  services  ate 
placed  in  the  hands  of  the  President  of  the  Chautauqua 
Association,  Lewis  Miller." 

No  further  description  of  the  first  Recognition  Day 
is  here  necessary.  Songs  were  sung,  the  "  Commence- 
ment Oration  "  was  delivered  by  Bishop  H  W  Warren 
and  in  the  afternoon  the  Diplomas  were  presented  It 
was  a  day  of  the  greatest  enthusiasm  that  had  ever  been 
witnessed  at  Chautauqua. 

_  The  correspondence  of  the  Central  Office  at  Plain- 
field,  N.J.,  and  the  columns  of  The  Chautauquan  (the 
official  organ  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C),  afford  many  testimonies 
to  the  value  of  Chautauqua  work.  It  is  impossible  to 
publish  a  hundredth  part  of  the  hearty  words  which 
come  from  members  in  all  parts  of  the  world      I  shall 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  12; 

give  a  few  pages  of  them  as  specimens  of  the  acknowl- 
edgments coming  to  cheer  and  inspire  the  leaders  in  this 
good  work.     These  are  introduced  with  the  design  of 
showing  how  the   C  L.  S.  C.   has   been   a   blessing  to 
people  of  the  most  widely  varied  educational  and  social 
standmg ;  how  it  has  gone  into  homes  of  plenty  and  of 
poverty  into  parlors  and  into  kitchens ;  how  the  local 
circles  have  helped  communities;  and  how  beyond  the 
seas  in  foreign  lands,  the  beneficent  ministries  of  the 
Circle  have  been  felt.     I  am  largely  indebted  to  our 
Secretary,  Miss  K.  F.  Kimball,  for  the  selection,  com- 
pilation, and  transcription  of  this  body  of  testimony 
A  member  in  Connecticut  -  a  college  graduate - 
writes  :  "  I  have  had  to  do  the  most  of  the  C  L  S  C 
work  during  vacations,  which  accounts  for  my  being 
behind.     I  thoroughly  believe  in  the  plan,  because  it 
tends  as  much  to  quicken  and  keep  alive  college  grad- 
uates as  any  thing  else.     It  is  just  what  they  need. 

-^iTm  .     '      '  "'  ''  '"'^^'  °^^^  -^"y  ^-^  break, 
.md  filled  up  many  an  awkward  opening,  left  by  a 

college  course.     And  I  must  further  avail  myself  of 

odd  minutes  for  systematic  reading  in  the  line  of  spe- 

rtl  r^rtu    "^^  ^^^^^^-^^^^  ^ry-goods  clerk,  whom 
I  told  of  the  plan,   said  he  could  not  express  his 
pleasure  in  knowing  of  the  scheme.     In  my  dry  and 
technical  studies,  I  found  a  great  need  of  just  such 
reading  as  our  course  provides.     I  know  from  per- 
sonal observation,  that  a  lawyer  who  knows  nothing 
but  law  IS  a  mean  and  narrow-minded  person ;  and  so 
I  resolved  to  be  not  only  a  good  lawyer,  but  a  well- 
read  man.     The  influence  of  the  Circle  has  opened 
up  to  me  a  future  of  glorious  possibilities,  and  has 


.iiii«» 


',  liii', 


ii 


'ji  ''" 


11 


uHii 


% 


•i28 


r 


H 


I 


|.r  ^i 


TfiTE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


aroused  my  ambition.  I  am  endeavoring  to  rise  above 
my  present  circumstances,  and  to  gain  a  place  of 
influence  and  usefulness  in  the  worid,  that  it  may 
be  better  for  my  having  lived.  If  I  succeed,  I  shall 
have  to  thank  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  for  a  great  part  of  the 
success.  Many  of  the  young  men  assocr.^  •-]  ^vith  me 
m  the  church  have  experienced  the  same  .         t  " 

A  member  writes  from  Ohio  :  "  I  desire  to  tell  you 
how  completely  I  am  captivated  by  the  C.  L  S  C 
course  of  study.  I  have  been  all  my  life  for  forty 
years  a  great  reader,  and  for  the  last  twenty  years 
have  made  a  specialty  of  history  and  the  sciences. 
i3ut  my  reading  has  hitherto  been  too  careless,  and 
without  sufficient  thought.  I  realize  an  immense 
benefit  from  my  present  systematic  course." 

A  graduate  of  Michigan  University  writes  :  "  I  wish 
to  thank  you  for  the  note  of  congratulation  which 
I  received  from  you,  just  before  leaving  Michigan 
University,  and  to  tell  you  that  I  owe  my  degree  in 
large  measure  to  you.     The  inspiration  to  continue 
my  studies  in  some  Eastern  college  came  to  me  at 
Monterey,  when  you  invited  me  to  Chautar  lua,  and 
expressed  the  hope  that  I  would  be  there  in  '^2  to 
receive  my  diploma.     I  said  I  would  work  for  that 
end,  and  I  also  resolved  to  go,  if  possible,  prepared  to 
enter  some  college.     At  Michigan  University  I  have 
taken  a  four-years'  course  in  three  years,  owing  largely 
to  the  knowledge  and  strength  I  gained  from  the 
U  U  S.  C.     For  this  I  am  deeply  grateful  to  you,  and 
above  all  to  our  Heavenly  Father  who  has  crowned 
each  effort  with  success,  and  has  showered  blessings 
manifold.     I  feel  the  responsibility  which  has  come 


iit  I 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  129 

With  these  added  benefits,  and  I  desire  in  return  to 
give  a  life  of  happy,  faithful  service.  I  remain  a  most 
loyal  Chautauquan." 

A  woman  writes  :  "  I  am  one  of  the  *  lone ' 
'^.  1..  b.  L.  s.  I  have  long  wanted  to  take  up  this 
course  of  reading,  but  could  not  see  where  the  time 
was  to  come  from.  Last  August,  worn  out  both  in 
body  and  mind,  I  went  to  Chautauqua.  Jnst  how  I 
felt  while  there,  would  be  difficult  for  me  to  tell  •  mv 
heart  was  stirred  within  me  as  never  before.  I  came 
home  invigorated  in  mind  and  body,  ready  to  step  at 
once  into  my  place,  and  take  up  my  work  again  with 
a/«// determination  to  make  room  and  time  for  the 

Another  from  another  sphere  of  life :  "  Last  Jan 
uary  a  lady  spoke  to  me  about  reading.  I  told  her 
that  I  read  all  that  I  had  time  for.  I  work  in  a  fac 
tory  ten  hours  a  day,  and  it  did  not  seem  as  though 
my  reading  amounted  to  much.  She  told  me  about 
the  C.  L.  S.  C,  and  sent  'The  Chautauquan'  to  me 
As  soon  as  I  read  it,  I  concluded  that  it  would  be 
well  worth  the  while  to  join.  For  myself,  I  can  now 
say,  that  with  a  dictionary  by  my  side,  and  a  '  Chau- 
tauquan   in  my  hand,  I  am  more  than  contented  " 

From  a  Methodist  Episcopal  minister :  «  My  duties 
as  a  pastor  and  my  conference  studies  are  enough  to 
take  all  my  time,  but  I  cannot  afford  to  give  up  the 
course  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  It  gives  me  a  leverage  upon 
the  younger  members  of  my  congregation,  and  the 
more  intelligent  part  of  the  community,  which  as  a 
pastor  I  desire  to  hold." 

From  a  seaman  :  "  The  first  I  learned  of  the  won- 


'f.m 


II 


m 


!l!«ll 


130 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


f,:i 


M 


if 


ders  of  Chautauqua  was  in  the  city  of  New  Orleans, 
where  I  met  an  old  shipmate  who  was  thoroughly 
imbued  with  the  'idea.'  As  I  had  always  been  of  a 
reading  and  studious  disposition,  he  told  me  all  about 
It.  God  bless  him  for  it !  I  have  found  hundreds  of 
persons,  young  and  old,  all  over  the  United  States, 
who  think  almost  as  much  of  the  'idea '  as  they  do  of 
their  business.     Let  the  good  work  go  on." 

A  professional  man  writes :  « I  mean  to  read  the 
books,  whether  my  work  for  this  present  year  passes 
or  not ;  for  this  is  the  only  way  that  I  can  do  any 
systematic  reading,  be'ng  very  busy  with  professional 
work.     It  is  just  the  thing  for  me." 

A  woman  writes  :  "  I  have  always  felt  that  there 
were  people  in  the  world  somewhere,  if  I  could  only 
find  them,  who  would  understand  that  poverty-strick- 
en people  may  have  aspirations,  and  yet  be  honest 
and  true,  and  that  we  may  wish  for  wealth  in  order  to 
make  progress,  and  not  to  enable  us  to  live  idle  and 
vicious  lives.     I  presume  you  will  say,  'of  course-' 
but  I  have  so  often  been  exhorted  to  '  be  content  in 
the  station  in  life  in  which  it  has  pleased  God  to  call 
you.'     But  I  do  hunger  and  thirst  after  knowledge 
whether  right  or  wrong ;  and  I  cannot  subdue  that 
hunger  unless  I  crush  out  all  that  is  purest  and  best 
in  me."     To  such  as  these,  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  comes  as 
an  angel  of  mercy  and  of  strength. 

From  a  manufacturing  city :  "  In  this  city,  condi- 
tions are  peculiarly  favorable  to  the  success  of  the 
C.L.S.C.,  — a  manufacturing  place  where  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  inhabitants  depend  on  their  wages  for 
their  living ;   there  are  many  who,  having  partially 


THE  a-AUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT,  13, 

completed  their  education,  have  found  it  necessary  fo 
begin  work  in  the  mills.     As  a  member  of  the  School 
Board,  I  have  noticed  this  fact  particularly.     Our  high 
school  contains  about  one  hundred  and  ninety  pupils 
while  there  are  more  than  one  thousand  in  the  gram- 
mar grades.      Many  who  are  thus  obliged  to  give  up 
study  for  the  business  of  life  have  acquired  a  keen 
desire  for  knowledge.     The  C.  L.  S.  C.  has  many  re- 
cruits from  their  number,  and  is  satisfying,  I  believe, 
their  demand  for  a  broader  culture.      Many  of  our 
public-school  teachers  have  also  taken  the  course,  to 
supplement  their  work  in  the  schoolroom.     I  am  con- 
vinced that  it  is  not  a  thing  of  a  day,  but  is  destined 
to  occupy  a  permanent  place  among  our  educational 
institutions. 

A  student  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  in  Idaho  writes  :  "The 
pupils  of  the  public  school  will  one  day  be  Chautau- 
quans.     There  is  enthusiasm  over  every  thing  in  the 
course  that  we  enjoy  together,  and  that  is  a  consider- 
able portion  of  it.     We  talked  over  the  air,  when  the 
loveliest  blue  mist  hung  for  days  between  us  and  our 
most  beautiful  mountain's  snowy  peak.      My  pupils 
have  treated  our  very  near  Chinese  neighbors  with 
more  consideration  since  the  reading  of  'China  Corea 
and  Japan.'     This  is  only  the  second  year  of 'school- 
hte  in  our  place,  and  we  are  largely  indebted  to  the 
^-  L.  b.  C.  for  help  in  overcoming  some  difficulties 
incident  to  a  first  struggle." 

From  one  of  the  leading  Chautauqua  workers  •  "  I 
was  in  Missouri,  March  last,  and  was  compelled  to 
take  a  freight-train  to  make  connection.  As  I  entered 
the  caboose,  I  noticed  a  little  candle  on  a  cracker-bo;j 


m 


(ffill 


132  THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


ill '!! 


on  the  side  of  the 


car.     There  was  a  door 


made  out  of  bits  of  leather ;  and 


on 


hinges 


,  ^..-  ^  rough  button,  nem 

m  Its  place  by  a  screw,  closed  the  door.  After  the 
train  started,  the  conductor  came  in,  and  after  at- 
tending  to  his  duties,  stepped  to  the  box,  turned  the 
button,  opened  the  door,  and  took  out  a  package  of 
U  L.  b.  C.  books  (recognizable  as  such  anywhere)  sat 
down  on  a  bench,  and  began  working  with  one  of  the 
Chautauqua  text-books.  Of  course  it  was  an  absolute 
necessity  that  I  should  make  his  acquaintance  \ 
approached  him,  and  asked  what  he  was  doing   '  He 

t?on  tl  t  "  r?'  ""'  ^"  '^-  ^^"^^  -"^^  -y  "atten 
tion  to  this  Chautauqua  course  of  reading.     I  did 

So  finally  I  joined  the  circle,  bought  the  books,  and 
put  them  in  the  box.  My  brakemen  read  with  me 
One  of  us  keeps  watch,  and  the  others  read.  Some^ 
times  It  is  pretty  hard  work  when  we  have  an  un- 
usually  long  run  and  much  freight ;  but  for  the  sake 
ot  the  help  It  is,  I  am  going  to  hold  on  to  it.'  I  felt 
like  giving  the  fellow  a  round  of  applause,  all  alone 
as  I  was  in  the  car." 

A  member  from  a  large  city  writes  :  «  Please  excuse 
my  sendmg  the  memoranda  at  this  late  hour-  if  you 
knew  how  fully  my  time  was  employed  each  day,  you 
would  not  wonder.     I  am  engaged  from  8.15  am 
until  6  P.  M.  in  a  store,  besides  keeping  house.     My 
time  for  reading  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  course  is  when  I  ride 
to  and  from  the  store,  twenty  minutes  each  way,  and 
during  noon-hour.    I  do  not  tell  you  this  to  complain 
or  gam  credit :  it  is  simply  to  let  you  know,  if  I  am' 
sometimes  a  little  tardy,  it  is  not  because  I  have  lost 


•»■ 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT  133 

interest,  or  given  up.  I  think  I  never  enjoyed  read- 
ing  so  much  in  my  life.  It  gives  me  a  broader  out- 
look, and  I  am  more  interested  in  every  thing  The 
pleasure  I  derive  more  than  pays  for  all  the  time  it 
taKes. 

From  the  Far  West,  a  xvoman  writes :  "  I  live  on 
a  farm,  and  my  husband  has  no  help  except  what 
I  give  him.  All  of  the  time  I  am  not  doing  house- 
work, I  am  obliged  to  drive  the  horse  at  the  horse 
power  while  my  husband  .irrigates  the  land.  I  have 
done  my  reading  while  driving  the  horse  for  the  past 
two  months,  but  I  cannot  write  while  driving  " 

fiii^rr  \T'-^^'  ''  "  ^  '"'"'"  '°  >^°^  "^y  memoranda, 
f flp  %u  ^''^  ^^  "^^  ^^^^^^y  without  consulting 
help^  These  four  years  of  C.  L.  S.  C.  studies  have 
been  a  pleasure  as  well  as  an  incalculable  profit  to 
myself  and  my  family.  I  was  born  and  educated  in 
Germany.  Through  these  studi^  s  I  am  now  able  to 
assist  my  boys  in  their  studies  in  the  English  lan- 
guage. The  Grecian  schools  of  philosophy  were  as 
nothing  compared  to  this  system  of  educating  the 
people.  It  is  the  grandest  educational  movement  in 
the  world ! 

Another :  "  Enclosed  you  will  find  the  memoranda 
tor  the  past  year.  I  did  intend  to  have  sent  them 
sooner  this  year,  but  have  the  same  old  excuse  to 
plead,  -  ill  health  and  many  cares.  The  Chautauqua 
reading  has  been  a  'godsend'  to  me;  for  confined 
almost  entirely  to  the  house,  and  often  to  my  room 
It  has  passed  away  many  otherwise  lonely  hours  I 
shall  hope  to  graduate  another  year,  but  am  sure 
1  shall  continue  the  reading." 


J 


I 


134 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


H 


\\ 


1 ,11 


!*■■■  1 


a  ' 


^t! 


.    I 


tudying 


A  member  from  Idaho   writes :    "  I   am 
alone,  do  my  own  housework,  practise  my  music  every 
day.     I  have  about   a   hundred   chickens  of   choice 
breed.     We  are  almost  never  without  company,  and 
I  drive  from  one  to  two  hours  a  day  when  at  home 
We  have  travelled  from  ten  thousand  to  twenty-five 
thousand  miles  every  year  for  the  past  eight  years 
You  will  see  that  I  have  to  be  rather  systematic,  but 
I  assure  you  I  have  had  to  almost  turn  my  head  in- 
side out  to  get  at  the  results  of  my  reading  of  last 
year ;  for  I  did  not  refer  to  any  helps,  except  on  Ques- 
tion 28  when  I  referred  to  the  cyclopedia  " 

A  r^other,  after  alluding  to  the  sudden   death  of 
her  boy,  says  :  "  My  object  in  -king  up  the  C.  L  S  C 
course  was  to  keep  pace  with  that  gifted  boy.  for  I 
had  always  felt  that  I  could  not  be  left  behind  ;  and 
while  he  at  school  was  reading  Latin  and  Greek.  I  at 
home  was  reading  the  same  works  in  English,  so  that 
1  might  have  an  outlook  from  as  nearly  tho  same 
standpoint  as  possible.     I  hardly  had  a  thought  but 
for  him.  and  around  him  centred  and  clustered  every 
hope.     With  this  great  incentive  gone,  you  can  read- 
ily  see  that  it  has  been  very  hard  to  read  or  study 
and  for  a  long  time  I  had  given  up  all  hope  of  ever 
finishing ;  but  friends  urged  me  on,  and  I  find  it  is 
just  what  I  need,  and  I  often  thank  God  that  you 
ever  thought  of  the  plan  of  the  C.  L.  S  C  " 

From  a  member  in  Alabama:  "I  want  to  thank 
you  for  the  C.  L.  S.  C.,  which  has  opened  to  me  such 
a  new  and  wonderful  source  of  pleasure  and  improve- 
ment ,•  and  to  tell  you  how  lonely  I  feel  away  down 
here  in  the  backwoods  among  the  mountains  of  North 


111' 


THE  CHAC/TAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ,35 

Alabama,  prosecuting  the  studies  all  alone.     I  have 

ttfa't  rh::eVr',ittr'-'  '^"'  ^T'  -^'-^  •- 

Which  to  fo™  on:  Ve  tluM^lt  Tort' rf 
nglcas  they  did  in   Michigan.  In.t  onl/a Ttmi g lu 

fn   Al  K  I       "'  '""-'  ^"''  J  '"•^'  'he  only  members 

in  Aabama:   but  perhaps  in  thinkin-^  so    I  am   ' 

•iti  trr  r  "-^  'iT^'^^  H,ijah°wh:'nl::ai 

-^na  1,  even  I  only,  am  left.'  " 
A  lady  applying    for    membership    says:    "The 
C.  L.  S.  C.  promises  to  meet  a  want  I  have  realized 

1864,  I  have  spent  eight  of    the   intervening  years 
n  travellmg.     Your  schedule  suggests  a  widef  scone 
than  any  course  of  reading  I  couW  plan  for  mleir' 

tms  circle  with  a  view  of  interesting  my  young  people 

Tc^cle   o'f'Ihi  T\  "  "^  '"'^^'°"  -^-'  -  hTve 
a  circle   of  thirty,  all  very  much   interested  in  the 

work,  and,  as  one  of  the  outcomes  of  it    a  Youn^ 

Ladies'  Christian  Association  and  Flower  Mrssion 

rand^^the^oViri"^.^'^^'"^  ^■■^"■^ '°  I^— ^ 

island  the  Old  Ladies'  Home,  and  other  charities 
receiving  not  only  the  smiles  and  prayers  o  he 
.nmates    but  the  blessedness  of  doing  good" 

A  student  at  Williams  College  writes  f  "  One  year 
ago  I  began  the  Chautauqua  course  in  connecrion 
with  -y  regular  college  duties.  While  for  me  rg  at 
part  of  the  work  was  a  review,  I  found  that  it  served 
to  c  mch  and  make  fast  my  previous  knowledge  of 
the  subjects  taken  up,  and  also  gave  me  much  fnfor 


vw. 


I 


136 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


!f:     :;|;t 


mation  that  was  new,  and  not  to  be  obtained  in  my 
college  course.  I  have  just  entered  on  my  senior 
year ;  and,  although  I  am  very  busy,  I  shall  keep  up 
my  C.  L.  S.  C.  work,  believing  that  any  time  I  can 
take  to  devote  to  that  will  be  spent  to  the  best  pos- 
sible advantage.  To  one  who  has  the  advantages  of 
a  college  education,  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  course  furnishes 
a  valuable  auxiliary  and  material  aid." 

From  an  enthusiastic  reader:  "Since  I  began  to 
study  in  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  I  have  spent  a  summer  in 
England  and  Scotland.     Thanks  to  you  and  Green 
I  was  thoroughly  steeped  in  English  history  and  liter' 
ature,  which  made  every  place  alive  with  interest. 
At  Oxford,  did  we  not  wander  along  the  lovely  Isis 
where  Addison  loved  to  walk,  to  ponder  and  study  ? 
and  did  we  not  revel,  in  a  mild  way,  under  the  solemn 
shade  of  the  venerable  trees,  and  gaze  with  intense 
interest  at  the  manuscripts  and  books  of  the  Bod- 
leian  Library .?  and  did  we  not  hear  Gray's  Elegy  in 
that  very  country  churchyard  >     Then,  too,  we  made 
a  prigrimage  to  Canterbury,  '  The  holy  blisful  martir 
for  to  seeke.'     There  were  six  of  us,  and  we  were  all 
of  one  mind.     We  crossed  the  border,  and  made  a 
short  tour  through  Scotland,  which  included  a  visit 
to  unfrequented  Ayr,  and  to  Kirk  AUoway  where  poor 
Tam  saw  such  a  bewitching  sight.     The  last  weeks 
of  the  summer  were  spent  in  the  English  Lake  Dis- 
trict,  and  long  shall  I  remember  the  wonderful  pic- 
tures seen  from  our  windows  at  Keswick.     To  the 
C.  L.  S.  C.  is  due  much  of  the  pleasure  of  the  sum- 
mer.    Through  the  C.  L.  S.  C.,  I  received  the  first 
-^ ^>,,«jr  ojott^maticaiiy  at  home. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  137 

A  mother  writes  :  «  As  I  glanced  over  the  plan  of 
study  for  the  year,  and  saw  'Biology,'  my  heart  was 
thrilled  with  joy ;  for  but  a  short  time  previous,  mv 
oldest  daughter  had  said,  '  We  have  biology  this  year 
m  high  school :  what  is  it  ?'    And  I  had  been  forced 
to  answer,  *  I  don't  know.'  .  .  .  The  year  began.  . 
My  daughter  studied  biology  in  May  and  June.     Our 
books  did  not  arrive  until  late  in  June.    So  we  studied 
m  July  and  August,  the  vacation  months  ;  and,  as  she 
was  fresh  from  the  study,  and  had  her  blank-book  of 
notes,  we  studied  aloud ;  and  you  cannot  tell  how  the 
hearts  of  mother  and  daughter  were  knit  together  in 
those  days.     Forty  years  and  sixteen  years  !  ...  My 
daughter  is  a  Christian  ;  and,  as  she  read  aloud  in  my 
book,  she  would  exclaim, '  How  beautiful !    I  thought 
biology  couldn't  have  any  thing  to  do  with  the  Bible.' 
.  .  .  And  I  blessed  the  wisdom  and  sagacity  which 
included  this  book  in  the  course." 

A  lady  of  sixty-four  years  says:  "Enclosed  please 
find  'Memoranda  Outline,'  and  a  paper,  *Mary  Queen 
of  Scots.'  Will  you  make  some  allowance  for  sixty- 
four  years .?  and  the  past  year  is  the  first  attempt  for 
study  since  I  was  twelve  and  one-half  years,  and  not 
in  very  good  health.  It  is  a  new  departure,  and  one 
I  enjoy,  as  I  live  very  retired." 

Another  lady :  "  I  enjoy  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  very  much. 
It  gives  me  courage  to  feel,  that,  although  I  am  forty- 
five  years  old,  I  am  a  scholar,  and  am  in  a  school,  and 
really  learning  something.  My  chance  for  school- 
education  was  but  little.  After  I  was  twelve  years 
old,  I  staid  at  home,  and  worked  summ.ers,  and  then 
had  only  three  or  four  months  of  schooling  in  winter] 


ill 


! 


< 


' 


I' 


if: 


138 


T//£  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


and  for  that  had  to  walk  a  mile  and  a  half  through 
unbroken   snow  roads.      Do   you   wonder  that   the 
C.  U  S.  C.  comes  to  me  like  a  God-given  gift  ?     Those 
that  have  been  'scrimped'  as  I,  can  appreciate  what 
It  IS  to  have  a  course  of  reading  laid  out  for  them      I 
do  get  discouraged  at  times  when  the  work  is  hard 
and  I  am  so  tired  I  cannot  understand  what  I  am' 
readmg.     1  hope  to  go  to  Chautauqua  for  a  week  next 
summer.     That  seems  to  me  to  be  the  nearest  heaven 
1  shall  ever  get  on  this  earth." 

From  California:  "When  I  read  the  C  L  S  C 
testimony  in  'The  Chautauquan,'  I  always 'think 
Chautauqua  has  been  all  that  and  more  to  me  ;  for  it 
has  led  me  from  dold,  dark  scepticism  to  my  Bible 
and  my  Father  in  heaven,  and  it  is  gradually  lead! 
mg  some  of  my  friends  into  the  light.  I  prize  my 
A  ;  !^;^°°^'  "^°^e  highly,  that  they  are  worn 
and  soiled  by  many  readers ;  and  I  believe  I  can  do 

CMe  •'^'  "'''''''"^'^  ^""'^  ^^^"  ^^  enlarging  the 
Persons  who  imagine  that  the  tendency  of  the 
C.  L,.  S.  C.  IS  to  diminish  interest  in  college  should 
read  the  following:  "I  will  say  that  the  reading 
which  I  have  done  in  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  has  been  a  grea^ 
help  to  me,  and  has  been  an  incentive  to  further 
study.  The  '  Preparatory  Greek  Course  in  English ' 
aroused  in  me  a  desire  to  learn  Greek.  The  other 
books  which  I  read  made  me  desire  to  know  more. 
The  result  was  that  I  determined  to  take  a  classical 

course  in University.     Therefore  I  shall  not  be 

able  to  keep  up  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  studies  for  the  next 
tew  years. 


N 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT  139 

From  a  lady  member  of  the  class  of  '82  :  "  Several 
>^ears  ago,  I  was  very  anxious  to  pursue  a  regular 
course  of  study,  but  was  unable  to  do  so.  Last  year 
I  jomed  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  It  brought  back  the  old 
desire  for  knowledge,  and  I  determined  if  possible 
to  attend  some  good  school.     My  brother  graduated 

that  year  at  the high  school ;  and  as  he  wished 

to  go  to  College,  we  talked  it  over,  and  con- 
cluded that  if  I  could  keep  house  we  could  both 
attend  for  about  the  same  amount  it  would  cost  one 
to  board.  We  made  the  experiment.  To-morrow  is 
Commencement,  and  as  I  look  over  the  year's  work 
there  is  thanksgiving  in  my  heart.  I  passed  a  good 
exammation  in  all  the  studies  I  had  in  the  C  L  S  C 

When   I   entered   college.   Dr.   gave   me   two 

hundred  questions.     I  think  he  wanted  to  try  the 
C.  L.  S.  C.  workers  in  English  history." 

A  young  man  writes  from  California  :  «  After  two 
years  with  the  class  of  1887,  I  feel  that  I  must,  for 
the  present  at  least,  give  it  up.  You  will  be  glad  to 
know,  however,  that  it  is  only  that  I  may  give  more 
attention  to  other  studies,  for  which  the  C.  L.  S.  C. 
has  in  some  measure  prepared  me.  I  am  most  grate- 
ful for  the  help  and  stimulus  received  from  the 
C.  L.  S.  C.     God  bless  it ! " 

A  young  business-man,  considering  the  question 
of  entering  college,  says  :  "  I  have  been  a  member  of 
the  C.  L.  S.  C.  for  one  year.  This  is  a  wonderful 
encouragement,  and  has  really  awakened  me.  I  am 
happy  in  reading,  and  send  my  papers  this  week. 
Aside  from  business  hours,  and  my  almost  daily 
study  of  Latin,  my  time  is  very  short ;    but  I  use 


1 1 


li!   .  ^  £. 


140  THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

every  second  in  perfect  enjoyment,  lookir-  into  the 
Chautauqua  studies." 

And  now  we  turn  to  the  lands  beyond  the  seas,  and 
read  the  entertaining  and  inspiring  story  of  the  good 
work  in  Japan,  South  Africa,  and  Russia  :  — 

Early  in  the  summer  of  1884,  a  letter  from  Mrs  A 
M.  Drennan,  a  member  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  and  an  ac- 
tive missionary  worker  in  Japan,  brought  the  following 
most  welcome  announcement:  "From  this  far-off  land  I 
send  you  some  names  for  enrolment  upon  the  C  L  S  C 
books,  at  least  as  knockers  at  the  door  for  admission 
into  your -^;,r- Circle."     The  eight  applications  for 
membership  enclosed  with  this  letter  marked  the  be- 
ginning  of  a  movemeht,  the  rapidity  of  whose  develop- 
ment has  been  most  remarkable.     The  aim  of  the  Japan 
Literary  and  Scientific  Circle  is  primarily  to  reach  the 
young  men  of  Japan.     Concerning  the  special  needs  of 
this  class,   Mrs.   Drennan  writes  :    "  The   young   men 
whose  names  I  send  are  students,  but  have  not  the 
money  to  buy  books  if  they  could  even  get  the  books 
here.     Many  of  them  can  read  English,  but  manv  will 
have  to  read  in  Japanese;  and  it  is  a  lamentable" fact, 
that  few  books  of  a  religious  class  have  been  translated 
Infidelity  has   been  busy,  and  such   books  are  spread 
broadcast.     The  young  men  here  will  read.     If  we  do 
not  give  them  ^ood  reading,  they  will  take  that  which  is 
pernicious.     I  am  trying  to  direct  the  reading  of  ambi- 
tious  young  men,  who  read  and  study  and  think     They 
ivill  read.     If  they  do  not  have  the  right  kind  of  books 
thrown  in  their  way,  they  will  read  the  works  of  such 
men  as  Ingersoll.    Those  in  our  society  desired  to  study 
for  the  sake  of  learning,  and  not  simply  to  pass  time 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  141 

Any  one  of  them  would  pursue  the  full  Chautauqua 
course  if  he  could  get  the  books.  When  you  think  of 
Japanese  young  men,  do  not  think  of  a  set  of  rou-h 
heathen,  but  of  a  class  of  aspiring  youth,  who,  having 
cast  off  their  old  ideas  and  religion,  are  seeking  earn- 
estly for  a  new,  — something  satisfying  to  the  intellect 
as  well  as  to  the  conscience.'' 

The  success  which  has  thus  far  attended  the  efforts 
of  Mrs.  Drennan  and  her  associates  in  firmly  establish- 
mg  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  in  Japan  has  been   attained   amid 
many  discouragements  and  obstacles  which  would  have 
disheartened  less  earnest  workers.     The  utter  lack  of 
suitable  literature,   and   the  fact    that    English    books 
would  be  available  for  but  a  small  proportion  of  the 
young  men  to  whom  this  opportunity  would  be  price- 
less, convinced  the  officers  of  the  Circle  that  no  imme- 
diate foot-h>,ld  could  be  gained   unless   suitable  works 
could  be  translated.     In  an  early  letter,  Mrs.  Drennan 
wrote  :  "  I  wish  I  could  impress  upon  the  minds  of  the 
thousands  of  Chautauquans  in  the  dear  home-land  the 
great  importance  of  this  work  among  the  young  men  of 
Japan  now ;  and  I  wish  I  could  tell  them  how  earnestly 
we  have,  for  some  months,  been  seeking  for  books  that 
will  at  all  meet  the  demands  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  and  yet 
how  almost  entirely  we  have  failed.      There  are  fifty 
names  upon  the  roll  for  the  organization  of  a  Circle 
here  ;  but  our  long  delay  and  fruitless  search  for  books, 
I  fear,  will  discourage  many." 

With  some  aid  from  the  Central  Office  of  the 
C.  L.  S.  C,  and  the  active  co-operation  of  Japanese 
members,  the  work  of  translation  was  commenced  early 
in  1885.     As  a  delay  of  three  months  must  elapse  after 


ti  I 


142  THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

application  to  the  government,  before  a  magazine  could 
be  pubLshed,  the  first  number  of  the  Japan^ese  "Chau 

ot  Apnl,  1885      Concerning  this  first  number  of  "The 

■n  ,t  h'T"'     ^"-  °'''^""^"  ""'^^^  "The  first  article 
m  the  book  ,s  an  editorial  by  the  editor  of  the  large  t 

P-^P\^'"  ,♦"-  P^rt  of  J^Pan.     He  is  a  very  fine  w  fter 
nd  h,ghly  educated.     He  is  perfectly  enth'^siastic  ov"; 

the  work,  and  all  say  his  article  is  very  fine.     I    is  a„ 

argument  favoring  this  plan,  and  giving  his  view    Is  to 

the  good  it  will  accomplish  in  Japan  " 
March  30.  ,885,  Mrs.  Drennan  writes  :  "  I  wish  I  could 

siTsm  in  re'f""  "'"'  "'"^''""^  "'  ^"  '"^  "^  'he  en     ' 
s.asm  in  reference  to  .our  Chautauqua  society  here     In 

much  less  than  a  week  after  the  first  advertisement    n 
tX^:::7i^"''^''  Y  '^'^"'^  nearly  three  h„" 

every  cop?ofth"e'fi'Tr''r  ^''P"^^"'''"  "^^^  g--  »« 

bool  Fa  sil  M       '  ''""'''■'''  ^°P'<=^  °f  the  Hand- 

book  [a  small  pamphlet  explaining  the  work  of  the  C 

L.  b.  L.J.     A  second  edition  of  five  hundred  was  made  ■ 

and  now  m  less  than  a  week  after,  only  abouT  wo  hun' 

dred  copies  remain."     Two  weeks  later,  another  let  er" 

>o .  a  long  letter,  for  ,t  would  take  a  very  long  one  to 
ell  you  all  the  good  things  about  our  '  J   L  I  C  ■     T 

thTir"""  I""'  """"  "'  ^""  °f  J°y  «  y-  -"Id  know 

here.     We  have  just  to-day  from  the  press  our  third 

last  Tair'  'i!f  ."-r°°'-  ^  copy  of  w4h  I  ::t  ylu 
last  ma,]      Th,s  makes  two  thousand  five  hundred  copies 
of  the  Hand-book.     There  have  been  over  three  hun 
dred  apphcants  for  membership.     About  one  hundred 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ,43 

and  fifty  have  paid  up  all  dues.  Our  secretary  has  an- 
swered  over  seven  hundred  letters  of  inquiry.  Applica- 
t.ons  have  come  from  several  cities,  for  the  privilege  of 
organ,zu,g  branch  societies.  With  your  kind  aid  for  a 
httle  while,  we  will  have  an  influence  that  will  spread 
over  this  entire  land,  doing  great  things  for  this  people. 
My  heart  was  thrilled  with  delight  the  other  day  on 
receivmg  some  letters  as  applications  for  membership 
from  some  soldiers  in  a  distant  city." 

The  membership  at  this  time  (April,  1885)  had 
reached  one  hundred  and  seventy-five,  and  was  rapidly 
mcreasing.  The  students  were  enthusiastic,  and  anx- 
lous  to  be  recognized  by  the  Central  Ofl^ce  in  America  • 
and  although  they  were  supplied  with  membership' 
cards  pnnted  m  Japanese,  they  were  very  eager  for  the 
regular  membership-card  of  the  class  of  '88,  sent  to 

circT/rT'";''""""'^-,  ^"  "'^  "<^^'  '*°  '""""'s  the 
circle  took  a  long  step  forward.     Mrs.  Drennan  wrote 

June  29,  .88;  :  "We  now,  after  carefully  looking  ove; 
all  names,  and  writing  down  only  such  as  we  feel  are 
really  paid  up,  find  on  our  books  seven  hundred  and  fifty 
rnllM^  ^  ;^v""™  '"''  beautifully  arranged  names,  en- 
rolled as  Chautauquans,  whose  aim  and  ambition  is  to' 
read  this  course,  and   thus   link  themselves  with  the 
m  elhgent  of  other  nations,  and  also  to  secure  for  them- 
selves  the  coveted  prize  of  a  diploma  from  America, 
ne    J.  L.  t,.  c.    IS  flourishing  beyond  our  most   san- 
guine expectations.     Think  of  a  class  in  Japan,  num- 
bering  seven  hundred  and  fifty  members !     It  is  simply 
wonderful.     Our  president  told  me  that  many  letters 
come  from  different  sections,  where  the  books   have 
gone,  asking,  'Who  is  this  Jesus  of  whom  you  snoke  in 


til 


til.  ° 


144  r//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

the  book'?    What  do  you  mean  by  -Christian  ^r^'-> 
What  is  the  'Christian  Church'?  etc'  tLs  ^ng Tim 

nev"';:  """'  '^'"■'^'  '°  """^  "•>''-  '''-y 
never  see.     These  questions  he  answers  by  letter  and 

readmg  the  books ;  and  even  jinrikisha  men  are  seen 
sut^g  on  their  jU^HHsUas,  waiting  for  custom!  wi  h 
the,r  dictionary  and  '  Chautauquan '  in  hand,  studying 
the  course.     Praise  God  for  this  gift  to  Japan !        ^    ^ 

study  in  Chautauqua  meetings.  To  save  expense,  we 
are  now  u.».ng  my  schoolroom.  All  desks,  etc  are 
removed  .  have  th,  floor  covered  with  soft  mats  such 
as  they  have  m  their  houses  (these  I  rent  for  the  night) 

itft  ^„'',^'^.?,':^^^™*  fl°--s.  pictures,  books,  etc.,  and 
light  up  bnlliandy.     At  the  gate  have  two  large  oiled- 

farre'chf  'T?  '""'  "  ""^^  '»"«'  °"  '-^-h  in 
large  Chinese  and  Japanese  characters  is  written  the 

name  of  our  society.     These  lighted  give  a  very  pretty 

effect      I  have  tables  for  the  secretary,  presiden?,  and 

reporter ;  at  these  tables  are  chairs.     All  the  member, 

come  m  with  shoes  off,  and  take  their  seats  in  order 

upon  the  floor.     At  the  appointed  hour  we  open  with 

singing  and  prayer.     Then  each  member  takes  out  his 

book ;   and,  beginning  with  the  first  article,  they  ask 

any  questions  they  have  marked  in  their  reading  durino- 

the  week.     These  the  president  is  expected  to  answer" 

Ifft^-  T  P'''""''""  'he  same  article;  thus, 
by  the  time  they  are  through,  each  article  is  well  dis' 
cussed.     After  this,  some  one  appointed  gives  a  lecture 


! 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  145 

or  a  short  talk ;  then  singing,  and  a  prayer  to  close.     It 
IS  very  interesting  to  me  to  see  so  many  intelligent- 

innrfw"?  ""^"^""^^''y  ^'"dying,  and  asking  ques- 
tions,   hat  show  that  a  new  field  of  thought  is  being 

tgypt,  the  Pyramids,  Assyria,  America,"  etc 

A  summer  assembly  was.  planned  by  the  officers  of 
tne  J.  L.  b.  C. ;  but  owing  to  a  disastrous  flood  which 
swept  over  the  city  of  Osaka  and  vicinity,  destroying 
much  property  and  thousands  of  lives,  the  circle  were 
lor  a  time  compelled  to  abandon  the  idea.     The  latest 
reports  from  this  vigorous  branch  of  the  C   L  S  C 
received  within  a  few  week.,  show  that  the  interest  in 
Chautauqua  work  is  still  growing  rapidly.     Difficulties 
and  discouragements  have  not  in  the  least  diminished 
their  enthusiasm. 

Mrs.  Drennan  writes  in  November,  1885-  "In  the 
beginning  of  the  society  meetings,  we  always  opened 
and  closed  with  singing  and  prayer.     Many  young  men 

anrh^d'  r  7""  '"r"^''  °PP°^"'  to  Christfanity, 
and  had  heard  none  of  its  teachings.  At  first  manv 
wouid  not  kneel ;  others  laughed  aloud,  not  boi^terrs  ^ 
but  audibly.     It  was  the  first   prayer  they  had  ever 

churches.  Our  president  told  me  that  a  short  time  ago 
he  baptized  in  his  church  one  of  those  young  men,  who 
said  his  first  religious  instruction  was  in  our  little  Chau- 
tauqua meetings  in  my  room.     There  are  now  over  one 

r!n^r  tT'""""'-  ''^'^  "^  ^^^"^■•'^d  '"  ^"  parts  of 
Japan.     There  are  six  local  circles  formed,  and  others 

w  1  be  formed  soon.     A  majority  of  the  members  of 

our  society  are  not  Christians.     There  are  all  grades  of 


146  THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

society,  from  the  jinrikisha  men  up  to  lawyers,  judges 

and  government  offieials.     There  are  a  numbe^o    so N 

d.  rs,  also  young  students,  pastors,  editors,  and  „?en  of 

o  ty.five  or  more:   our  secretary  is  forty-five     Manv 

Iad,es  also  are  members,  and  many  in  the  schools  " 

i'rom  Japan,  let  us  pass  to  the  far  South  on  the  East- 

o'am:L'b"e/r"h:  c.  u'^'  t  "'^^  ^■'°"  ^"  '"-^p- 

Miss  Theresa  M.  Campbell,  a  member  of  the  class  of 
1884  m  Tennessee,  sailed  for  Africa  in  June,  188     to 
take  charge  of  a  public  school  for  girls  at  R  v  rs  lie 
Cape  Colony     In  spite  of  the  delay  consequent  upor^ 

fie  .1  ie?att™T''  "^?"  '™'"  ^"^<="-'  =>""  "^"^  '  f" 
hcu  ties  attendmg  work  in  a  new  school  in  a  strange 

and  th.s  enthusiastic  member  of  the  Circle  worked 
steaddy  on,  and  in  due  time  reported  to  the  America^ 
office  her  completion  of  the  four-years'  course  ?^ 
daL"';o'tatT'T''^"  '^^'  •>- P-'t'onTRiverl" 

.7!  .884  -  ^^  "''  "'^^''""^'  ''="<=d  Dec. 

.2^T}t  ■    ^l'"''  ™y  daydream  for  the  last  three 
and  a  half  years  has  been  fulfilled,  and  there  is  a  Sn,  1 
A  ncan  Branch  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.'   From  the    ;ilef 
C  L  S°C    ::,r^-^'^-«•  ^  '-ve  ta^ed  abo'ut  the 

I  had  C  L  Tc  '"l^'\'  """'  °^  "y  ^"<="ds  thought 
1  had  C  L  S,  C.  on  the  brain.  I  must  confess  I  had 
begun  to  thmk  it  was  all  wasted  breath :  so  you  maj 

ttl7the"!?'  "'"  '  ""  '""'^^  '°  "-'  --™  ' 

^.  J..  5.  L.     The  members  of  the 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ,47 

in  regard  to  the  C   T    «;  r    fu  ^  feelings 

Who"'::  LtSTT",  ^^^"'^'  ^  -^-rof -an  thi 

wno  were  leaving  school,  and  wished  to  have  their  hnm. 
to  meet  them,  and  explain  the  Chautauqua  plan  Befnr. 
O:  .r  This  r1  '"^  ^"""^  ^^"^='"  ^-cHlas 

ercises.  and  explain  our  plan  to  them      '""'""'^^y  .«><- 

great  things  from  our  branch  a    ITth  ^  ""      "'"^ 
the  teacher.!  af  th.        """<:"'  as,  with  the  exception  of 

PoLt   from    Vu  "'"■^'  ^"^"y  "'^""'er  will  be  the 

pomt  from  which   new  circles  will  be  formed     Th! 
young  ladies  are  very  enthusiastic  over  it  anTlhnJ  ? 

: :  :nfof th r" ''- ^°™'"^ °f -- icti 

every  one  of  the  places  now  reoresentPrl      c^         r   , 
members  I  know  you  will  be  v^uet  inte^sttd'  „' 


148 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT, 


r-;Mii 


i* 


J  i. 


months  later  fifteen  more  names  were  received,  and 
Miss  Campbell  wrote,  "  We  do  not  despair  of  getting 
our  hundred  in  another  three  months." 

In  July,  Miss  Campbell  received  the  government 
appomtment  of  principal  of  the  Rockland  Seminary  at 
Cradock,  Cape  Colony,  leaving  the  care  of  the  Welling, 
ton  Local  Circle  in  the  hands  of  Miss  Landfear,  the 
secretary.  The  C.  L.  S.  C.  has  steadily  increased  in 
numbers,  and  a  letter  written  in  November  reports  the 
total  membership  in  South  Africa  as  eighty-seven 

Miss  Landfear  writes  in  October:   " Our  Wellington 
Circle  holds  meet.'ngs  once  in  two  weeks ;  and  very  pleas- 
ant gatherings  they  are,  with  selections  of  readings,  ori- 
ginal  papers  and  music.     This  is  the  only  local  circle 
that  has  yet  been  started.     We  feel  that  we  are  at  a  dis- 
advantage  in  being  ^o  far  away  from  Chautauqua,  but  we 
are  glad  that  its  hel,  can  reach  out  to  this  distant  end  of 
^r  .  ;,  '^!'^  ""^^^^  members  are  mostly  solitary  ones." 
The  following  sketch  of  the  First  Chautauqua  Assem- 
bly  m  South  Africa  will  give  an  idea  of  the  interest 
awakened  and  the  character  of  the  work  which  is  being 
accomplished.  ^ 

The  greetings  of  the  South  Africa  Assembly  were 
received  ,n  time  to  be  read  at  the  opening  of  our  Chau- 
tauqua Assembly  in  August,  1885. 

Huguenot  Seminary,  Wellington, 
June  30,  1885. 

m  Chautauqua  Assembly  of  South  Africa,  to  the  Chautauqua 
Assembly  of  Chautauqua,  U.S.A.,  sendeth  greeting. 
Beloved,  our  prayer  before  God  is  that  you  may  pros- 
per and  be  m  health,  even  as  your  souls  prosper.     Our 


^ed,  and 
getting 

2rnment 
inary  at 
A^elling- 
ear,  the 
ased  in 
)rts  the 
;n. 

llington 
y  pleas- 
igs,  ori- 
1  circle 
t  a  dis- 
but  we 
end  of 
ones." 
\sGem- 
iterest 
i  being 

^  were 

Chau- 


INGTON, 

tauqua 

pros- 
Our 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  149 

beloved  leader,  Chancellor  Vincent,  will  tell  you  how 
the  shp-a  little  one -which  was  taken  from  your  vine 
has  taken  root  and  grown,  and  spread  forth  its  branches 
abroad      To-morrow  morning  closes  the  first  Assembly 
in  South  Africa.     How  we  wish  that  we  could  give  you 
•     an  adequate  idea  of  the  delight  and  pleasures  of  the  few 
days  which  "according  to  the  good  hand  of  our  God 
upon  us     have  passed  away !     We  ask  you  for  vour 
prayers  that  the  Chautauqua  idea  may  grow,  and  become 
as  great  a  blessing  to  our  beloved  South  Africa  as  it  has 
to  America. 

In  behalf  of  the  South  African  Branch  of  the  Chau- 
tauqua  Circle, 

THERESA   M.   CAMPBELL,  Vice-President. 

Huguenot  Seminary,  Wellington, 
June  30,  1885. 

Dear  Chancellor  Vincent, -We  are  just  bringing 
to  a  close  our  first   Sunday-school  Assembly.     We  con 
sider  It  a  great  success.     We  commenced  on  Saturday 
at  2  ^M   and  close  to-morrow  at  10.30  a.m.     Our  friends 
have  helped  us  most  beautifully.     On   Saturday  after- 
noon  we  had  the  welcome  address  from  the  president 
of  the  local  circle;  a  lecture  by  Mr.  Heale.  the  South 
African  historian  ;  a  paper  explaining  the  Circle,  which 
1  had  the  pleasure  of  reading ;  and  a  Round  Table      In 
the  evening  we  had  a  vesper-service,  the  same  you  use 
on  the  first  evening  of  the  Assembly.    Sunday,  delightful     ' 
conference  and  prayer  meetings,  normal  Sunday-school 
tepcaing  Illustrated,  Bible-readings,  and,  to  crown  it  all 
a  most  delightful  communion-service.     Monday  morn- 
ing, two  papers  on  "  Impressions  of  America,"  by  some 
friends  who  have  recently  returned  from  a  trip  there  • 


150 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


i  ! 


I 


■'\  t 


and  a  model  of  the  "Tabernacle"  was  exhibited  and 
explained.     In  the  afternoon,  a  lecture  on  "  Number," 
by  one  of  the  professors  in  the  Theological  Seminary, 
and  a  paper.     In  the  evening,  a  most  charming  lecture 
on  "  Poetry  and  Wordsworth,"  by  the  principal  of  the 
Normal  College  in  Cape  Town.     This  morning  we  had 
a  lecture  on  "  Frances  Ridley  Havergal,"  illustrated  by 
her  music  and  hymns ;  and  a  paper  on  the  missionary 
work  in  Africa.     This  afternoon,  a  fine  lecture,  given 
by  one  of  the  professors  from  the  Stellerbosch  College, 
on  "  Memory. "     This  evening,  a  lecture  on  "  The  Higher 
Education  of  Women,  its  Duties  and  Responsibilities," 
by  our  one  lady  physician.     To-morrow  morning  we  have 
an  address  on  "The  Needs  of  Africa,"  and  the  presi- 
dent's  farewell  words.     Sunday,  at  six  o'clock,  we  had  ' 
the  vesper-service.     It  was  a  great  success.     Besides 
what  I  have  mentioned,  we  have  had  classes  in  kinder- 
garten ,  drawing,   etc.     The  weather  has  been  simply 
perfect,  and  our  audiences  remarkably  good;  between 
two  and  three  hundred  have  crowded  in  to  every  thing 
that  has  been  going  on.     I  resigned  my  position  as 
president,  but  found  myself  at   once   elected  as  vice- 
president.     Rev.  G.  R.  Ferguson  has  been  elected  as 
our  president.     The  secretary  remains  the  same.     Our 
sessions  at  the  Round  Table  have  been  very  interesting. 
You  must  please  excuse  this  hastily  written  account, 
but  I  wanted  you  to  get  it  in  time  for  the  Assembly, 
so  it  must  go  by  this   mail,  and  I  am  writing  after 
midnight  so  as  to  catch  the  mail  to-morrow  morning. 
With  kindest  regards,  I  remain 


Yours  truly, 


THERESA   M.  CAMPBELL. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT  151 

Turning  from  these  two  flourishing  Chautauqua  col- 
onies  in  Japan  and  in  South  Africa,  our  attention  is 
arrested  by  news  of  a  remarkable  movement  which  is 
takmg  place  m  Europe.     The  leader  in  this  latest  enter- 
prise IS  Russia ;  a  strange  fact,  when  we  consider  that 
Eng  and,  at  this  time,  could  boast  not  one  Chautauqua 
Circle,  and  but  few  individual  members.     The  first  im 
pulse  given  to  Chautauqua  work  in  Russia  was  the  effect 
of  an  Illustrated  article  explaining  the  various  Chautau- 
qua organizations,  which  appeared  in  the  karch  number 
of  a  Russian  magazine,  "  Nov."    This  magazine  i.c  pub- 
lished  by  an  old  and  reliable  firm  in  St.  Petersburg 
The  best  writers  contribute  to  its  columns,  and  it  has  " 
a  wide  circulation  throughout  the  country.     The  article 
was  written  by  a  Russian  lady,  long  a  resident  of  Amer- 
ica,  and  at  present  political  correspondent  from  New 
York  for  St.  Petersburg  and  Moscow  papers.     While 
in  Ohio  she  became  greatly  interested  in  the  work  of 
the  Chautauqua  Circles,  and  as  a  result  of  that  interest 
sent  a  carefully  prepared  article  on  Chautauqua  to  the 
Nov,     that  Russian  readers  might   know  what  was 
being  accomplished  by  this  great  American  institution. 
The  effects  of  this  article  were  at  once  apparent. 
Many  inquiries  reached  the  author  of  the  article     The 
publishers  in  St.  Petersburg  were  almost  overwhelmed 
with  requests  for  programmes  of  the  Chautauqua  stud- 
les ;  while  a  few  letters  addressed  rather  indefinitely  to 
Chautauqua,  America,"  etc.,  found  their  way  in  time 
to   the   Central   Office.     These   communications   were 
written  in  French,  German,  or  Russian;  and  here  at 
once  a  serious  difficulty  presented  itself.     But  few  of 
tn^  „i.paccxn.a  coulu  wnce  or  even  read  the   English 


J 

■I 

J' 
u 


152 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


M 


language.  The  interest  manifested  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  several  applicants  enclosed  membership-fees  in 
Russian  stamps,  while  another  directed  his  banker  in 
New  York  to  remit  the  necessary  fee  without  waiting 
for  further  information. 

Meanwhile  the  "Nov,"  to  meet  the  great  demands 
made  upon  it  for  a  course  of  study,  published  a  list  of 
tCAt-books  on  various  subjects,  and  announced  that  stu- 
dents  might  send  their  names  for  enrolment  to  that 
office.     Peculiar  difficulties   present   themselves   when 
we  consider  the  possibilities  of  extending  Chautauqua 
work  m  Russia ;  such  as,   the  language,  the  peculiar 
characteristics  of  the  people,  and  certain  government 
restrictions.     And  although  the  present  movement  is  in 
no  way  under  Chautauqua  control,  it  is  the  outgrowth 
of  the  Chautauqua  idea ;  and  in  the  not  far  distant 
future  we  are  confident  that   a   Russian   Chautauqua 
Circle  wdl  be  a  reality.     Already  several  names  from 
Russia  (English-speaking  students)  have  been  enrolled 
in  America.     The  following  extract  from  a  letter  written 
by  the  author  of  the  article  in  "Nov"  shows  emphat- 
ically that  the  desire  for  knowledge  is  as  keen  among 
the  multitudes  of  young  men  and  women  in  Russia,  as 
m  our  own  country  or  in  other  foreign  lands  •  — 

"The  editor  of  that  magazine  (Nov)  has  recently 
published  a  list  of  ninety-four  names  of  persons 
(among  whom  four  women)  who  have  joined  the 
Russian  Chautauqua  Circle,  and  have  begun  to  read 
the  regular  course  of  study.  These  people  range  in 
age  from  seventeen  to  fifty-two,  belong  to  all  condi- 
tions  of  life,  and  are  the  only  ones  who  allowed  tb-> 
names  to  be  published.     Two  hundred  and  eight  m  -.. 


the  fact 
-fees  in 
inker  in 
waiting 

emands 

.  list  of 

hat  stu- 

to  that 

5   when 

itauqua 

)eciiliar 

rnment 

nt  is  in 

growth 

distant 

tauqua 

3  from 

nrolled 

mtten 

"nphat- 

among 

sia,  as 

cently 
srsons 
d  the 
>  read 
ige  in 
condi- 
thcir 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT,  153 

persons  have  joined  the  circle,  follow  the  course  of 
studies,  but  don't  allow  their  names  to  be  purshed 
boov'^r?''"'^-^"^  other  persons  ^....l^^St^ 
books  determmed  to  follow  the  course  of  the  ftud  es 
but  choose  to  preserve  the  strictest  incoJl  evenTn' 
their  correspondence  with  the  editors  of  th;     Nov" 
who  are  also  the  organizers  and  conductors  of  2 
Russian  circle      Tf  oii  <-u  ,      '^"•-luxj,  or  tne 

tematically  the  course  of  self-instruction  arp  tn  L 

foTtSr''^  ""-"^  ^■""""'^  *°  thre^LTre  "an! 
£  that  ;;;:""      "-espectaMe  showing,  consider- 

months  xLtS'o  Th  '""  ''^'"''  ""'>'  ^  f^ 
ages  ran^inrf.  ^  .  ^  *^'^  "P^"  ^i^xitr^ts  are  of 
ages  rang  ng  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-five     A  few 

'two  or  rcjT-  r  '"^"^-~  ^-^^  -^ 

7 .  ,  °  °^  ""^««  01  nineteen  and  seventeen   hpfnr» 
which  age  members  are  not  enlisted  "  '  ^ 

interest  manifested  by  'The  Chautauquan '  in  conrcLt 
and  disseminating  items  of  news  concerning  the  dffef 
ent    sub-circles   which  own  fealty  to  and  gafher  insnira 
.on  from  our  now  mighty  parent  circle,  I  take  pleasure" 
M-'M?"^  ">«  '^""tinued  prosperity  of  the  .Mai' 

-pet    O^cir  1"  '"  '"•=  ■"''™P°"^  °^  "><=  -S. 
tropics.     Our  circle  s  name  is  taken  from  the  fn^mnf 

and  beautiful  «../..vine,  with  /.:.  (or  wreatls)  o;^' 

the  Hawaiians  are  fond  of  decorating  themselves'on 


S! 


■■■I 


154 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


ii' 


!    ; 


IJ:' 


festal  occasions.  We  number  seven  enthusiastic  mem- 
bers, who  have  reaped  great  benefit  from  the  prescribed 
course  during  the  past  year ;  and  we  expect  a  largely 
increased  membership  at  the  opening  of  the  coming 
term.  The  interest  in  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  course  of  study 
is  extending  rapidly  in  the  Islands,  and  promises  the 
formation  of  several  new  circles  in  the  near  future. 
The  coming  vacation  will  be  utilized  by  a  party  of  the 
ladies  of  our  circle,  to  visit  the  world-renowned  volcano 
and  burning  lake  of  •  Kilauea  (Kee-lau-a-a) '  on  the 
island  of  Hawaii ;  to  which  the  late  establishment  of  a 
new  and  easy  route  is  attracting  crowds  of  visitors,  both 
local  and  foreign.  Please  accept  the  cordial  'aloha'  of 
the  Maile  Club." 

Although  I  have  allowed  these  interesting  quotations 
to  multiply  much  beyond  my  purpose  when  I  began,  it 
will  not  do  to  omit  the  following  testimonials  concern- 
ing the  value  of  the  work  done  by  local  circles,  which 
have  now  become  centres  of  great  social  and  literary 
influence  all  over  the  land.  From  an  Illinois  circle  we 
have  this  report :  "  This  circle  was  formed  over  a  year 
ago,  and  closed  its  first  year's  work  in  June  last,  with 
a  positively  brilliant  entertainment.  The  affair  was  a 
great  success;  as,  indeed,  the  whole  year  had  been. 
The  ninety  members  went  into  it  with  a  will.  The 
church  in  which  the  exercises  came  off  was  beautifully 
decorated,  programmes  were  printed,  the  best  of  music 
and  literary  performances  provided  ;  and  to  crown  all,  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  our  town  is  a  literary  centre  whereT 
people  are  lectured  and  essayed  and  entertained  year  out 
and  year  in,  a  magnificent  audience  greeted  them.  Not 
strange  that  the  members  are  proud  of  their  success." 


ic  mem- 
ascribed 

largely 

coming 

)f  study 

ses  the 

future. 
Y  of  the 
volcano 
on  the 
;nt  of  a 
•rs,  both 
lo/ia '  of 

Dtations 
egan,  it 
:oncern- 
!,  which 
literary 
ircle  we 
a  year 
St,  with 
r  was  a 
i  been. 
I.  The 
utifully 
[  music 
n  all,  in 
2  whereT 
^ear  out 
1.  Not 
cess." 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  155 

From  a  local  circle  in  Maine:  "We  have  a  constitu- 

r;  ^^tr^7y  I  w'"'^  "^  ""^^  "^^^*^"^-     Our  motto 
(one  of  Garfield's)  is,  'Be  fit  for  more  than  the  thing 

you  are  now  doing.'     At  each  meeting,  each  member 
pays  one  cent  or  more,  and  if  the  money  is  not  used  in 
the  circle  it  goes  toward  paying  our  annual  fee.     The 
president  is  a  dressmaker;  and  'we  girls,'  or  at  least 
four  of  us,  work  for  her.     We  have  reading  in  the  shop 
nearly  every  day,  forty  minutes  or  more,  and  then  talk 
of  what  we  read.     Almost  a  Socratic  school  in  a  dress- 
maker s  shop!     Friday  evening  of  each  week,  the  shop 
takes  on  another  look.     The  work  is  put  away,  the  table 
drawn  out,  the  bright  cloth  laid,  the  lamps  'trimmed  and 
TT^:    uf ''''''  ^^^  members  take  their  seats  and  place 
at  the  'table  square,'  and  for  two  or  more  hours  we 
spend  a  refreshing  and  enjoyable  evening  " 

From  a  local  circle  in  Missouri:  "I  have  delayed 
writing  you,  in  order  that  I  might  tell  how  Chautauqua 
wears  with  us  We  organized  Sept.  12,  with  six  mem- 
bers ;  and  although  our  number  is  still  the  same,  our 
enthusiasm  has  steadily  increased,  and  you  may  count 
on  signmg  six  diplomas  for  our  little  circle  in  '80  Nor 
will  we  stop  then.     A  broad  field  is  opening  before  us 

couraged''"  ^''"^  '"  ''''  '"^     ^'  ^^"  '  "^ver  be  dis! 

vefr.tf ""  '%^r''  ""'^^"^'"^  ^"  ^^78,  reported  four 
years  later  as  follows:  "Our  class  started  with  fifteen 
and  we  graduate  fifteen  strong.  None  faltered  or  feli 
out  by  he  wayside."  A  year  later,  the  secretary  of 
this  circle  writes  :  "  The  graduates  of  1882  still  remain 
banded  together,  and  are  this  year  pursuing  the  special 
course  of  modern  historv      'Fifte-r  '  •-  -t'-^  -  ' 


156 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


i  1 


■  .1    , 


number,— the  number  with  which  the  class  was  organ- 
ized in  1878,  the  number  that  graduated,  a.id  the  num- 
ber that  are  at  present  pursuing  the  special  course." 

"A  circle  in  Kansas  started  off  on  its  opening  night 
with  twenty-six  members,  who  at  the  next  meeting  in- 
creased to  forty-one.  The  Kansas  State  Agricultural 
College  is  in  their  town,  and  professors  and  students  are 
taking  hold  of  the  club  with  interest." 

From  Michigan  comes  the  following  :  "  Our  circle  of 
eight  members  has  been  nameless  until  our  last  meeting, 
when  it  was  decided  to  call  it  the  'Thorn-apple  Circle.' 
Our  meetings  have  been  held  semi-monthly,  at  the  home 
of  an  invalid  member  who  is  very  zealous  in  the  work. 
Two  of  our  members  live  at  a  distance  of  five  miles 
from  the  village,  but  have  regularly  attended  the  circle 
gatherings,  though  much  of  the  time  the  weather  has 
been   such   as   would   have   discouraged  any  one   not 
blessed  with  the  Chautauqua  spirit.     Our  meetings  have 
been  exceedingly  profitable,  and  the  prospect  is  flatter- 
ing for  a  much  larger  class  the  coming  year ;  as  much 
interest  has  been  manifested  by  those  who  have  visited 
our  semi-monthly  meetings." 

The  student  of  statistics  will  be  pleased  to  examine 
the  following  reports  from  the  Plainfield  oflfice  (com- 
piled by  Miss  K.  F.  Kimball,  the  Secretary),  concern- 
ing several  classes  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  I  present  the 
figures  without  comment. 

Of  the  original  enrolment  of  the  class  of  1882,  there 
were  under  twenty  years  of  age  881  persons;  between 
twenty  and  thirty  years,  3,805  ;  between  thirty  and  forty 
years,  2,346;  over  forty  years  of  age,  1,214;  of  the  ffrari- 
uates  of  this  class  of  '^2,  there  were  27  under  twciity, 


'^ 


! 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  157 

628  between  twenty  and  thirty,  567  between  thirty  and 
forty,  472  over  forty  years  of  age.  In  the  class  of  '82 
there  were  three  men  to  five  women  who  joined,  and 
one  man  to  three  women  who  graduated.  One-fifth  of 
the  entire  class  of  '82  graduated.  One-seventh  of  the 
men,  and  one-fourth  of  the  women,  enrolled  at  the  be- 
gmnmg  of  the  class  of  '82,  received  diplomas. 

Of  the  three  classes  '82,  'Zi,  and  '84,  there  were  en- 
rolled  under  twenty  years  of  age,  2,943  ;  between  twenty 
and  thirty  years,  1 1,713  ;  between  thirty  and  forty  years, 
5,874  ;  over  forty  years,  3,166. 

The  C.  L.  S.  C.  is  a  school  for  people  out  of  school, 
and  Its  success  in  the  future  is  to  be  secured  by  a  wise 
adaptation  of  its  methods  to  this  special  class. 
From  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  we  turn  to  another  plan:— 
The  Chautauqua  Book-a-Mon  .-h  Reading  Circle 
under  the   supervision   of  Dr.  J.  L.  Hurlbut,  aims  to 
supply  the  needs  of  a  large  class  of  people,  who  desire 
a  course  of  reading  less  extensive  than  that  of  the 
C.  L  S.  C.     Its  works  are  a  little  more  recreative  and 
popular  in  their  style,  and  chosen  rather  for  reading 
than  for  close  study ;  and  with  the  design  of  supple- 
menting  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  for  some,  and  of  substituting 
an  easier  line  of  literature  for  others.     It  embraces  a 
course  of  thirty-six  volumes,  one  for  each  month  during 
three  years,  in  the  various  departments  of  literature  • 
so  arranged  that  it  may  be  accomplished  by  reading 
from  twelve  to  twenty  pages  each  day.     There  are  few 
people  who  cannot  spare  the  time  requisite  for  such  a 
course  of  reading,  especially  if  the  books  chosen  are 
interesting  in   their  subjects,  and  attractive   in   their 
style.     The  works  selected  for  the  course  include  the 


II 


i 


158 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


history  of  the  most  important  nations,  and  a  few. of  the 
greatest  epochs ;  biographies  of  the  men  most  famous 
for  their  achievements  in  statesmanship,  conquest,  and 
literature;  a  few  choice  books  of  travel  in  the  unfre- 
quented portions  of  the  earth ;  some  works  of  popular 
science;  the  great  essays  of  the  greatest  essayists; 
and  a  small  number  of  works  of  fiction,  the  master- 
pieces of  romance,  several  of  them  historical  pictures 
of  past  ages.  A  course  of  reading  embracing  so  wide 
a  range  in  so  small  a  compass  must  necessarily  be 
limited  in  the  number  of  its  selections  from  any  one 
author,  however  distinguished;  but  it  is  hoped  that 
the  works  selected  may  lead  many  of  the  readers  to 
seek  a  closer  acquaintance  with  their  writers. 

The  Chautauqua  Musical  Reading  Club  is  an 
experiment  which  has  not  received  sufficient  attention 
from  the  management  to  justify  a  decision  as  to  its 
practicability.  A  prospectus,  prepared  by  Prof.  W.  F. 
Sherwin  of  Boston,  states  its  objects  and  methods  as 
follows :  — 

"There  are  thousands  of  earnest  students  of  music 
among  us,  who  sincerely  desire  to  know  something  of 
the  literature  of  their  art.  There  are  thousands  of 
others  in  whose  hearts  such  desires  would  burn  if  they 
only  knew  how  much  of  fascination  there  is  in  the 
pursuit  of  this  literature. 

"The  true  lover  of  music,  who  would  gain  an  en- 
trance into  the  secret  realms  of  the  '  divine  art,'  must 
know  the  history  of  its  evolution,  and  as  well  also  the 
history  of  the  lives  and  struggles  of  those  whom  we 
by  common  consent  call  'masters.' 

"  He  must  also  study  the  history  of  great  composi- 


i^.of  the 
famous 
est,  and 
I  unfre- 
popular 
sayists ; 
master- 
jictures 
so  wide 
rily  be 
ny  one 
;d  that 
ders  to 

i  is  an 

tention 

to  its 

W.  F. 

Lods  as 

music 
ling  of 
nds  of 
if  they 
in  the 

an  en- 
,'  must 
so  the 
Dm  we 

mposi- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  159 

tions,  by  watching  carefully  their  gradual  development, 
the  pams-taking  labor  bestowed  upon  them,  and  by 
reading  the  analyses  and  criticisms  of  celebrated  musi- 
cal scholars  and  profound  thinkers.  By  such  study  he 
IS  sure  to  gain  access  to  a  world  of  beauty  that  is  yet 
only  known  and  fully  appreciated  by  a  favored  few 
But  while  there  are  so  many  who  really  desire  just 
such  knowledge,  they  do  not  know  how  to  begin. 

"Even  learned  musicians,  when  suddenly  surprised 
by  the  question,  '  What  musical  literature  shall  I  read  .? ' 
stop  to  think,  and  lament  the  fact  that  the  few  that 
have  read  were  compelled  to  grope  their  way  in  the 
dark  without  the  advantage  of  any  systematic  arrange- 
ment. *=• 

"Then,  even  when  a  small  catalogue  of  books  is 
furnished,  the  beginner  in  musical  literature  finds  him- 
self greatly  in  need  of  directions,  explanations,  sugges- 
tions,  and  almost  endless  assistance. 

"The  C.  M.  R.  C.  proposes,  ist.  To  furnish  such  a 
course  of  study  as  we  think  will  yield  the  greatest 
amount  of  genuine  instruction  and  entertainment  to 
the  music-loving  reader;  the  great  desire  being  to 
qmcken  the  musical  understanding,  and  arouse  the 
enthusiasm.  2d,  To  conduct  the  classes,  examinations, 
etc.,  on  the  same  plan  as  that  so  successfully  pursued 
by  the  C.  L.  S.  C. 

"A  course  of  study  is  provided  for  two  classes  of 
readers :  ist,  For  those  who  are  practical  students  of 
music,  who  have  already  made  some  progress  in  the 
elements  of  music,  and  who  desire  not  only  to  be  intel- 
ligent concerning  music,  but  also  to  acquire  a  knowl- 
edge  of  science  for  practical  purposes.     For  such  the 


i6o 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


*  Scientific  Course '  is  prescn'l^cd.  To  successfully 
prosecute  this  course,  at  If,:.-^  ■%  hour  per  day  of 
earnest  study  will  be  necessary.  The  reading  in  this 
course  is  precisely  the  same  as  that  found  in  the  '  Lit- 
erary  Course,'  omitting  the  'Musical  Romance,'  and 
substituting  therefor  the  '  Science  List.'  All  ^vho  de- 
sire to  make  their  knowledge  of  music  tliorough  should 
attempt  this  course. 

"2d,  The   'Literary  Course'  is  prepared  especially 
for  those  who  are  simply  lovers  of  the  art,  having  no 
desire  to  prosecute  its  study  into  the  science  of  har-, 
mony,  etc.     This  is  emphatically  a  course  intended  for 
the  musical  culture  of  the  minds  of  knowledge-loving 
people.     It  is  intended  for  those  who  would  be  intel- 
ligent concerning  music  and  musical  matters,  without 
being  scientific  musicians  themselves.     In  this  course, 
simply  the  'Romance  List'  is  read  with  the  regular 
literature  (history,  etc.),  omitting  the  'Science   List.' 
Forty  minutes  per  day  will  suffice  for  this  course." 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


I6l 


CHAPTER  VII. 

"  The  real  object  of  education  is  to  give  children  resources  that  will 
endure  as  long  as  life  endures;  habits  that  time  will  ameliorate,  not 
destroy;  occupation  that  will  render  sickness  tolerable,  solitude  pleasant, 
age  venerable,  life  more  dignified  and  useful,  and  death  less  terrible '^^ 
Sydney  Smith. 

'T*HE  Chautauqua  Young  Folks'  Reading  Union 
-1-    IS   in  brief  a  Chautauqua  reading-circle  for  the 
young  people.     It  is  a  miniature  C.  L.  S.  C. 

Whole  families  come  to  Chautauqua  annually  to  spend 
the  "season;"  and,  of  course,  in  the  families  are  chil- 
dren, —  little  children  and  big,  boys  that  might  as  well 
be  girls,  and  girls  that  might  as  well  be  boys,  for  all 
the  difference  that  it  makes  in  the  freedom  and  joyous- 
ness  of  their  young  lives.  And  there  art  the  after- 
boys  and  the  after-girls,  who  are  not  yet  men  and 
women,  but  who  manage  to  unite  the  proprieties  of  age 
with  the  buoyancv  and  gladsomeness  of  youth. 

Recreation  is  3ne  of  the  principal  features  of  this 
delightful  summer  retreat.  Wandering  through  the 
woods,  the  little  people  gather  ferns,  mosses,  and  wild 
flowers ;  in  the  lake  they  may  bathe  or  fish,  and  over 
Its  crystal  surface  row  or  sail.  Games  already  described 
in  this  volume  are  provided  for  them. 
Many  of  the  children,  who  come  by  the  hundred  to 


I  I 


M 


162  THE  CHAUTAU{H/A  MOVEMENT. 

Chautauqua  every  summer,  have  asked  why  there  might 
not  be  a  circle  organized  for  them  also,  to  suogest  at- 
tractive  and  useful  reading,  to  help  them  in  the  some- 
times wearisome  studies  of  the  day-school,  and  to 
cultivate  a  taste  for  the  right  kind  of  reading. 

On  Thursday  morning,  Aug.   18,   1881,  the"  "  Chau- 
tauqua   Young  Folks'  Reading    Union  "   was  formally 
organized.     By  taking  the  initials  of  this  long  name  we 
have  C.  Y.  F.  R.  U.,  which  is  the  way  the  Union  is  usu- 
ally designated.     It  is  the  purpose  of  the  C.  Y.  F.  R.  U 
to  aid  children  and  young  people  in   forming  "correct 
tastes,  and  in   making  judicious   selection   of   reading 
with  which  to  occupy  their  spare  time.     The  selections 
are  made  with  special  reference  to  wholesome  and  de- 
lightful recreation  ;  to  instruction  in  the  many  ways  of 
doing  things  with  the  hands,  so  as  to  make  them  quick 
and  ready  in  helpful  ministries ;  to  the  illustration  of 
the  practical  relations  of  religion  to  every-day  duties 
and  pleasures  ;  to  the  awakening  and  direction  of  a  nor- 
mal desire  for  knowledge,  so  often  repressed  and  mis- 
directed  to  the  permanent  injury  of  a  child.     The  very 
best  writers  for  children  and  young  people  are  engaged 
to  prepare  articles  and  books  on  topics  related  to  this 
general  plan. 

The  organ  of  the  C.  Y.  F.  R.  U.  is  "The  Chautau- 
qua Young  Folks'  Journal,"  published  by  D.  Lothrop 
&  Co.,  Boston.  The  "Journal"  and  books  required 
cost  less  than  three  dollars  a  year,  including  the  office- 
fee.  The  subjects  are  substantially  the  same  embraced 
m  the  current  course  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  so  that  parents 
and  children  may  follow  the  same  line  of  reading,  and 
by  conversation  at  home   help   each  other,  and  thus 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  163 

make  home  much  happier  than  where  old  and  young 
have  nothing  m  common.  To  all  new  members,  a  cer- 
tificate  of  membership  is  forwarded.  It  is  a  beautiful 
albertype,  embodying  the  light-bearing  Spirit  of  the 
Union. 

The  Chautauqua  Town  and  Country  Club,  under 
the  difcction  of- Charles  Barnard,  Esq.,  of  New  York, 
who   thus   states   its  aims  and  work,  "is  a  town  and 
country  association  of  young  people  who  wish  to  know 
something,  and  be  something,  and  do  something.     It  is 
a  garden-school,  with  plants  and  animals  for  compan- 
ions,  and  friends  and  books  for  guides.     For  teachers 
it   has   a   farmer,  a  gardener,  a  florist,  a  herdsman,  a 
shepherd,  a  dairy-maid,  a  poultry-keeper,  and  other  peo- 
ple who  know  all  about  dogs,  birds,  ducks,  rabbits,  fish, 
and  every  plant  and  useful  creature  on  the  farm  or  in 
the  water.     The  C.  T.  C.  C.  is  for  boys  and  girls,  young 
men  and  young  women,  at  home,  in  town,  at  school,  in 
the  shop  or  on  the  farm,  in  the  house  or  out  of  doors. 
One  can  join  as  soon  as  he  knows  how  to  read,  and  he 
can   join   at  any  time,  and  be  a  member  until  death. 
He  can  join  alone,  or  form  a  local  circle  and  join  with 
others.     There  are  no  entrance   examinations,  no   re- 
quirements whatever,  except  that  one  wishes  to  know 
something,  and  be  something,  and  do  something,  and  is 
willing  to  take  up  the  Chautauqua  Town  and  Country 
Club's  course  of  reading,  and  perform  one  of  the  C.  T. 
C.  C.  works,  and  pay  the  small  fees  for  two  years. 

"The  objects  of  the  C.  T.  C  C.  are  fivefold,  —  first, 
to  help  its  members  to  learn  something  about  the  earth 
on  which  we  live,  its  plants,  flowers,  and  fruits,  and  to 
make  the  acquaintance  of  the  plants  and  animals  on 


IffH 

Is  ! 


'I  If 


i 


\i 


"  li  ■' 


■  i 


E'i 


I 


li 


f 


:i  J 


!'  I 


f 


164 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


tne  /arm  and  in  the  house ;  secondly,  to  help  its  mem. 
bers  to  become  trained,  skilful,  and  accomplished; 
thirdly,  to  show  them  how  to  use  their  skill  and  knowl- 
edge  m  gaining  health  and  happiness  ;  fourthly,  to  show 
Its  members  how  money  is  earned,  to  point  out  the  way 
to  many  useful  trades  and  arts,  and  to  show  them  the 
value  of  good  and  honest  work  ;  lastly,  to  show  by  the 
-tudy  of  nature  something  of  the  Creator's  wonderful 
ways  m  mrnaging  this  beautiful  world. 

"The  members  of  the  C.  T.  C  C.  will  be  expected  to 
take  up  during  the  winter  evenings  a  prescribed  course 
ot  mstructive  and  interesting  readings,  and  to  give  at 
least  one  month,  and  as  much  more  as  they  wish,  to  the 
C.  T.  C.  C.  work.     This  course  of  reading  and  work 
will  extend  over  two  summers  and  two  winters,  when 
all  who  have  faithfully  carried  out  the  rules  of  the  Club 
will   receive  a  diploma,  and  become  graduates  of  the 
Club.     After  that  they  can  still  remain  members  of  the 
C.   1.  C.  C.  as  long  as  they  wish.     The  C    T    C    C 
course  of  readings  is  specially  for  winter  evenings 

"The  home  of  the  C.  T.  C.  C,  or  headquarters  for 
work  and  information  concerning  all  matters  excepting 
the  entrance   of  new  members,  will   be  at  Houghton 
Farm,  Mountain ville.  Orange  County,  N.Y.     Houghton 
Farm  is  a  large,  first-cla.ss  farm,  devoted  to  all  kinds  of 
tarm  crops  and  garden  work.     Every  thing  is  carried 
on  at  the  farm  that  can  be  found  in  any  farm  in  the 
Northern  States,  including  cattle-raising,  horses,  pigs 
and   sheep,   orchards,  greenhouses,  poultry-yards,  ken' 
nels,  and  dairy,  and  fruit,  flower,  and  vegetable  gardens 
There  is,  besides  all  these  branches,  a  first-rate  meteor^ 
ological   and  experimental  station.     Each  department 


I'll 


\     ■'  .! 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT,  165 

is  carried  on  to  obtain  the  very  best  results  possible 
1  here  is  also  a  good  librarv,  from  which  the  C  T  C  C 
course  of  reading  will  be  prepared,  and  all  the  work  laid 
out  in  the  C.  T.  C.  v   programme  of  work  will  be  actually 
performed  on  the  larm.     All  enrolled  members  of  the 
Club  will  be  welcome  to  visit  Houghton  Farm  at  any 
time,  and  can  there  see  more  or  less  of  the  C  T  C  C 
work  actually  going  on.     There  will  also  be  at'  the  Club 
Headquarters  a  question-box  or  bureau  of  information. 
Every  member  of  the  Club  will  be  free  to  ask  any  ques- 
tion  about  farm,  garden,  greenhouse,  or  in  fact  any  ag- 
ricultural  or  horticultural  work;  and  each  question  will 
be  answered  by  some  one  in  charge  of  the  many  depart- 
ments  o    the  farm.     For  instance,  all  questions  about 
sheep  will  be  answered  by  the  shepherd,  all  concerning 
the  dairy  by  the  dairy-maid,  and  so  on.     All  members 
ot  the  C.  T.  C.  C.  will  give  their  full  name  in  asking 
questions,  and,  if  belonging  to  a  social  C.  T  C  C  circle 
the  name  of  the  circle.     There  will  be  no  charge  for 
use  of  the  question-box. 

"It  is  expected  that  every  one  that  joins  the  Chau- 
tauqua  Town  and  Country  Club,  whether  young  or  old 
young  man  or  young  woman,  will  become  an  observer 
and  a  worker;  that  is,  will  select  from  the  programme 
of  work  something  to  do  for  every  day  for  one  whole 
month   in   each  year.      This   will   be   to   observe   the 
weather,  observe  the  height  of  the  thermometer  at  the 
same  hour  every  day  from  the  first  to  the  last  day  of 
any  month  in  the  year,  or  observe  and  report  the  height 
of  the   barometer,  direction   of   the  wind,   amount   of 
clouds,j)r  any  other  fact  concerning  the  weather     At 
the  sau.e  time  they  will  also,  if  they  wish,  select  from 


\m 


^•.:f 


166 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


W 


■111 


J  \ 


I 


if?    ^      5ll 

iilir  M 


the  programme  one  or  as  many  more  pieces  of  work  as 
they  hke.     This  work  and  observation  should  be  done 
at  the  same  time,  so  that  you  may  learn  to  see  the  rela- 
tion  between  the  weather  and  all  processes  in  plant  and 
animal  life.    The  C.  T.  C.  C.  programme  of  work  and  ob- 
servation IS  arranged  in  a  series  of  easy  labors  that  can 
be  done  in  town  or  country  at  different  times  in  the 
year      Every  member  may  select  any  observatory  work 
any  farm,  garden,  house,  kennel,  or  other  work  that  he  or 
she  thinks  can  be  done.    All  members  are  also  at  liberty 
to  do  as  many  more  of  the  works  on  the  programme 
as  they  like,  provided  they  do  them  well.     None  of  this 
work  extends  over  more  than  four  months  in  the  year 
and  none  will  take  less  than  thirty  consecutive  days' 
The  work  can  be  done  at  home,  out  of  doors,  in  the 
garden,  on  the  farm,  in  the  front  yard  before  the  village 
house,  in  the  brook,  in  the  fish-pond,  in  the  window,  in 
the  barn,  in  town  or  country,  and  all  of  it  is  easy,  inter- 
esting and  well  worth  the  doing.    The  work  may  be  ^he 
care  of  a  horse,  a  dog,  a  bird,  some  chickens,  pigeons 
or  even  carp  in  a  pond.    It  may  be  the  planting  of  some 
corn,  some  lettuce  in  a  frame,  flowers  in  the  garden  or 
in  a  flower-pot,  or  testing  some  seeds,  or  the  care  of  a 
geranium  m  a  raisin-box  in  a  tenement-house  window 
One  may  ta>^  any  thing  he  likes  from  the  programme, 
provided  he  does  it  well,  and  reports  it  correctly  " 

The  Chautauqua  Society  of  Fine  Arts  is  under 
the  direction  of  Mr.  Frank  Fowler  of  New  York  • 
Miss  Jeannette  L.  Gilder,  editor  of  "The  Critic  "  con-' 
ductor.  The  interest  in  the  study  of  art  in  its  various 
branches  being  one  that  is  growing,  and  extending  to 
every  town  and  hamlet  in  the  country,  the  University 


work  as 
be  done 
the  rela- 
lant  and 
and  ob- 
that  can 
5  in  the 
•y  work, 
at  he  or 
t  Hberty 
gramme 
J  of  this 
le  year., 
e  days, 
in  the 
village 
dow,  in 
^  inter- 
be  the 
igeons, 
•f  some 
*den  or 
re  of  a 
in  dow. 
am  me, 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  167 

proposes  to  add  an  Art  Annex  to  its  other  departments 
wh^h  W.11  provide  for  the  study  of  art  under  the  best  L 
structors,  so  that  persons  living  at  the  farthest  distance 
from  the  metropolis  may  have  the  same  advantages  n 
scLTs    "'"  as  are  to  be  had  in  the  most  ..^:Z 

A  plan  of  work  will  be  laid  out  for  each  month  and 
the  students  in  each  branch  of  art-study  ZTr^, 
progress  m  their  work  at  stated  periods  ^ ' 

It  IS  not  only  the  purpose  of  the  C.  S.  F.  A.  to  teach 
the  decorative  and  ornamental  arts,  but  to  teach  art  to 
artisans  so  that  they  can  pursue  their  trades  with  t^ 
mtelhgent  mterest  that  comes  of  cultivation 

The  course  of  study  will   extend  over  two   years 
Special  courses  may  be  made  for  special  studies^for  a 
longer  period.     The  classes  will  be  as  follows     nee 
mentary  drawing;  free-hand  drawing  and  perspective 

painting  in  oil ;  crayon  portraits  ;  crayc  n  drawing. 


under 
York ; 
con- 
arious 
mg  to 
'^ersity 


'h      i 


r*i-  it 


III', 


1 68 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


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ill  if  I 


W 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

^^  Do  not  ask  if  a  man  has  been  through  college.  Ask  if  a  college  has 
been  through  him."  —  Chapin. 

"  The  best  and  most  important  part  of  every  man^s  education  is  that 
which  he  gives  himself."  —  Gibbon. 

BEYOND  the'  "Assembly"  and  the  "Circle,"  and 
beyond  the  "Inner  Circle,"  which  leads  to  the 
"  Upper  Chautauqua,"  we  come  to  the  uppermost  Chau- 
tauqua,—the  "University"  proper,  with  its  "School 
of  Liberal  Arts,"  and  its  "  School  of  Theology." 

We  have  wandered  with  members  of  "The  Society  of 
the  Hall  in  the  Grove ; "  have  saluted  "The  Order  of  the 
White  Seal;"  and  here  we  find  members  of  "The 
League  of  the  Round  Table,"  whose  seven  seals  on  the 
C.  L.  S.  C.  diploma  entitle  them  to  this  higher  honor. 
Here,  too,  are  advanced  stuaents  in  the  "  Chautauqua 
School  of  Languages  ; "  these  walk  in  the  outer  courts 
and  among  the  sacred  corridors  adjoining  the  University 
itself.  Chautauqua  now  means  more  than  ever  to  them. 
The  towers  of  the  University  proper  rise  above  them. 
They  ask  why  its  doors  may  not  open  to  them,  and  why 
they  may  not  rejoice  in  work,  real  work,  with  after- 
tests  in  genuine  examinations,  and  after -honors  in 
diploma  and  degrees. 

Some  remain  in  this  goodly  place,  hearing  the  songs 


nors    m 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  169 

that  float  down  from  the  \\\a\\f^r-  Vioiu.  «  •     • 

tfl  un  7  ^°""^"" ""''  "^^^  ^'g°™"^  companions 
door  by  the  upper  step,  and  as  it  opens,  they  enter 
the  highest  form  of  the  Chautauqua  movement  -The 
Chautauqua  College  of  Liberal  Arts 

Here  we  find  provision  made  for  college  training  of 
a  thorough  sort.  Students  all  over  the  world  may  t^urn 
he.r  homes  into  dormitories,  refectories,  and  roo4  f  r 
study  m  connection  with  the  great  University  which 
has_is  local  habitation  at  Chautauqua.  Thus'  "hear 
the  C  L  Tc^T'"  '"  *^  ^^^^'"''ly.  "readers"  in 

cle"the"f.  u'"'  '■""''"""  '"  *^  "i"^i«^  cir- 

cle,    the  '  League  of  the  Round  Table,"  may  go  beyond 

student     ?k'°"  ''^, "''''"'  '  y""""  ''^^""■^^  ^  -college, 
student -the  simple  going-forth,  leaving  one   set   of 

circumstances,  and  voluntarily  entering  another,  tith 

a  specific  purpose -is  an  action  which  has  educating 

and  a  del  berate  effort  to  secure  it.     The  judgment  is 

arn-t/iot :  "r  ^r  ^^  r  i^^ 

must  fin!  ;"  ""  '''."^'  P''^^'"^'   movement.     There 
Ztt,  h        1  "'?  "'""''"  *  ^^"^^  '"""ence  on  the 
youth  himself.     It  becomes  a  "  new  birth  "  in  his  1  f e 
He  has  gone  to  another  nkn^      ";-  -„^-  .  - 

---  r — 1_.     ^^_j,  cveiy-aay  conuuct 


170 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


i  ^•l 


^B^  f  ^^ ' 

^l^w^'  i 

^HBvjf  * 

^Hi  %m  ^ 

MBpl 

^m 

( 

^^Il£@'b 

^^DHnt 

Li 

M  '^^■ 


is  modified  by  it.  He  looks  up  and  on.  According  to 
the  standard  he  has  set,  the  idea  he  entertains  of  edu- 
cation, and  the  motives  which  impel  him,  will  be  the 
subjective  effects  of  his  action,  — the  real  power  of  his 
new  life. 

2.  There  ir,  educating  power  in  the  complete  plan  of 
study  provided  in  the  college  curriculum,  covering  as  it 
does  the  wide  world  of  thought,  distributed  over  the 
years,  with  subdivisions  into  terras,  with  specific  assign- 
ments of  subjects,  with  a  beginning  and  an  ending  of 
each  division,  and  many  beginnings  and  endings,  v/ith 
promotions  according  to  merit,  and  final  reviews,  rec- 
ognitions, and  honors.  'i^>ere  is  great  value  in  the 
enforced  system  of  the  college.  It  tends  to  sustain 
and  confirm  new  life,  begun  when  the  student  made  his 
first  movement  toward  an  institution. 

3.  The  association  of  students  in  college  life  is  another 
educating  factor.  Mind  meets  mind  in  a  fellowship  of 
aim,  purpose,  ami  experience.  They  have  left  the  same 
world ;  they  now  together  enter  another  world.  They 
look  up  to  the  heights  and  to  the  shining  of  crowns 
which  await  the  gifted  and  faithful.  They  are  broth- 
ers now  :  one  Alma  Mater  to  nourish  them.  They 
sing  their  songs,  —songs  which,  although  without  much 
sense,  have  power  to  awake  and  foster  sympathy.  Even 
a  man  of  sense  loves  to  listen  to  them.  He  laughs  at 
the  folly,  and,  though  himself  a  sage,  wishes  he  were 
one  of  the  company  of  singers.  The  laws  of  afifinity 
work  out.  Soul  inspires  soul.  Memories  grow  apace. 
Attachments  that  endure,  adventures  seasoned  with  fun 
or  touched  with  sadness,  absurdities,  failures,  heroisms, 
triumphs,   are   crowded  into   the  four  years>-and  like 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMEPJT.  17, 

fruitage   of  bloom  and  fragrance  from  a  conservatory 
may  go  forth  to  bless  many  an  hour  of  wandering,  rf 
sorrow,  of  re-umon,  of  remembrance,  in  the  later  years 
There  was   something  pathetic  in  the  return  of  the 
famous  Yale  College  class  of  ,853  to  their  Al^ml^r 
two  summers  ago.     As  they  wandered  about  the  scene! 
of  their  youth,  under  the  old  elms,  through  reci  atTon 
rooms  and  chapel,  singing  the  old  songs,'reviv  ng    he 
old  friendships,  recalling  faces  to  be  seen  no  more,  no 
wonder  that  tears  fell  down  furrowed  cheeks,  from  eyes 

friendship    han  that  born  under  the  ivied  towers  and 
spreading  elms  of  college  hall  and  campus  > 

In  college,  mind  meets  mind  in  the  severe  competi- 
tion of  recitation  and  annual  examination.  The  bright 
boy- one  of  a  small  class  at  home,  who  had  it  all  his 
own  way  there -now  finds  a  score  or  more  of  leaders 
whose  unvoiced  challenge  he  is  compelled  to  accept  • 
and  how  he  doe.  knit  his  brow,  close  his  eyes,  summon' 
his  strength,  school  his  will,  force  his  flagging  energies 
and  grapple  problems,  that  he  may  hola  his  own.  oS 
strip  his  rivals,  and  win  prize  and  place  for  the  sake  of 
his  family  s  fame  and  for  his  personal  satisfaction  I 

There  is  nothing  that  so  discovers  to  a  youth  the 
weak  points  of  his  character  as  the  association  of 
college  life.  There  are  no  wasted  courtesies  among 
students.  Folly  is  soon  detected,  and  by  blunt  speech, 
bold  caricature,  and  merciless  satire  exposed.  Sensitive- 
ness IS  cured  by  ridicule,  cowardice  never  condoned 
ana  meanness  branded  beyond  the  possibility  of  con- 
cealment or  pardon.  College  associations  stimulate 
the  best  elements  in  a  man,  expose  weak  and  wickpri 


f 

1 

E 

J 

tf 

J 

. 

! 

i 

;.      ^ 

i 

i 

I 

II. 


172 


T//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


ones,  and  tend  to  the  pruning  and  strengthening  of 
character. 

4.  Then  there  is  in  college  life  association  with  pro- 
fessors and  tutors ;  and  this  is,  I  confess,  sometimes  of 
little  value,  as  when  teachers  are  mere  machines,  but  in 
it,  at  its  best,  are  distinguishing  benefits.     When  teach- 
ers are  full  men,  apt  men,  and  enthusiastic  men,  —  as 
college  professors,   and  for  that   matter  all  teachers, 
ought  to  be,  —  the  place  of  recitation  soon  becomes  a 
centre  of  power.     Tact  tests  attainment,  exposes  ignor- 
ance, foils  deceit,  develops  strength,  indicates  lines  of 
discovery,  and  inspires  courage.     A  living  teacher  sup- 
plies at  once  model  and  motive.    He  has  gone  on  among 
the  labyrinths,  and  up  the  steeps  of  knowledge;  has 
tried  and  toiled  and  triumphed.     He  sought,  and  he  is. 
And  now  by  wise  questioning,  by  judicious  revelation, 
by   skilful   concealment,  by  ingenious   supposition,  by 
generous  raillery,  by  banter,  by  jest,  by  argument  and 
by  magnetic   energies,  the   teacher  stirs   the  student 
into   supreme   conditions   of   receptivity  and  activity. 
Such  teachers  make  the  college.     As   President  Gar- 
field said,  "  Give  me  an  old  schoolhouse,  and  a  log  for 
a  bench ;  put  Mark  Hopkins  on  one  end,  and  let  me  as 
student  sit  on  the  other,  and  I  have  all  the  college  I 
need."     When  an  institution  is  able  to  employ  men  of 
superior  knowledge,  power,  and  tact,  students  must  be 
trained,  and  all  their  after-lives  are  affected  by  the  in- 
fluence.    For  memory  magnifies  the  worth  of  a  true 
teacher,  and  the  hero  of  the  college  quadrennium  be- 
comes a  demigod  through  the  post-graduate  years.     A 
dozen  men  of  this  mould,  if  once  they  could  be  gotten 
together,  would  make  a  college  the  like  of  which  has 


»v 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEAfENT.  t73 

onl  nf  ,.^''"  f '"  °"  "'"  P'""«'-    Shall  Chautauqua 
one  of  these  days  find  them  ? 

5.  The  college  life  promotes  mental  discipline  It 
drills  and  drills,  and  draws  out.  It  compels  eCrt'  and 
effort   strengthens.     It   provides  a   system   of  m  „t^ 

ZTT^-    ^''  ^'^  ''"^^""  ^'  «-'  -°"  become 

5  r      'f  "^'"  '^'''  "^  '°"ght  from  the  very  de- 
light the  student  finds  in  concentration  and  persistency 

the    oul     r".'  f '"  "'"''  '"  "^^  varied  faculties  of 
X  .  «  '""'^"'  *'=''"''"«*  P^'ver  to  observe  with 

la"ed  da'ta  T""^'  '°  f  ""^"^^  "'^^'^  ^™™  — "" 
iated   data,  to  project  hypotheses,  to  watch   psychical 

processes,  to  reason  with  accuracy,  to  distinguTsh  be 

th?oT  *'  u"  '""  *^  '™^'  ""-^  '"  'he  fnn  r  and 
the  outer  world;  to  grasp  protracted  and  complicated 
processes  of  mathematical  thought ;  to  trace  linguistic 

to  sS"*;.";?'""";"^'  ^°="^^'"^'  PhHosophling 
to  study  he  students  of  the  ages,  and  the  products  of 

It     A    tt  "^  ""  '''  ^^^"  P"""P'«^  of  -cU 

duX  .t^  n  "'"'"■'  ""P'"^''^  '"  'his  manifold  work 
during  the  college  term  are  trained  and  thus  prepared 
for  work  after  the  college  term  is  ended.  It  i^rso 
much  the  amount  of  knowledge  acquired  during  the 
four  years,  as  it  is  the  power  at  will  ever  after  to  ac' 
quire  knowledge,  that  marks  the  benefits  of  the  coUege 

6  With  discipline  comes  the  comprehensive  survey 

bLkwarfT"  J\'  ""''r  °""°°''  '^"^^  'he  student 
backward  along  the  Ime  of  historical  development      It 

Se  r„d":  '"f '^  '"'  "'^  ''^P'hs.  the  m     ifo Id 
vanet.es  and  mter-relations  of  knowledge.     It  gives  him 


I'i*  h 


!r 


*  > 
t 


174 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


tools  and  the  training  to  use  them,  and  a  glance  at  the 
material  on  which  he  is  to  use  them.  The  student 
through  college  is  a  traveller,  sometimes  examining  in 
detail,  sometimes  superficially.  He  gives  a  glance,  and 
remembers ;  he  takes  notes,  and  thinks  closely.  He 
sees  the  all-surrounding  regions  of  knowledge ;  and  al- 
though he  may  make  but  slight  researches  in  particular 
lines,  he  knows  where  to  return  in  the  after-years  for 
deeper  research  and  ampler  knowledge. 

7.  College  life  leads  to  self-discovery.  It  tests  a 
man's  powers,  and  reveals  to  him  his  weakness.  It 
shows  him  what  he  is  best  fitted  to  do,  and  the  showing 
may  not  be  in  harmony  either  with  his  ambitions  or  his 
preconceived  notions.  A  boy  born  for  mercantile  pur- 
suits, who  comes  out  of  college  a  lawyer  or  preacher, 
proves  that  the  college  failed  to  do  its  legitimate  and 
most  important  work  for  him.  Professors  who  merely 
glorify  intellectual  attainment,  and  who  neglect  to  show 
students  their  true  place  in  the  world,  are  little  better 
than  cranks  or  hobbyists.  College  life  is  the  whole  of 
life  packed  into  a  brief  period,  with  the  elements  that 
make  life,  magnified  and  intensified,  so  that  tests  of 
character  may  easily  be  made.  It  is  a  laboratory  of  ex- 
periment, where  natural  laws  and  conditions  are  pressed 
into  rapid  though  normal  operation,  and  processes  other- 
wise extending  over  long  periods  of  time  are  crowded 
to  speedy  consummation.  Twenty  years  of  ordinary  life, 
so  far  as  they  constitute  a  testing  period  of  character, 
are,  by  college  life,  crowded  into  four  years.  A  boy 
who  is  a  failure  then  would,  for  the  same  reasons,  be  a 
failure  through  the  longer  probation,  unless  the  early 
discovery  of  peculiar  weakness   may  be  a  protection 


THE  CHAL'TAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ,75 

againsL  'he  perils  which  this  weakness  involves     There- 
ore  It  :s  a  good  thing  for  a  youth  to  subject  himself 
th,s  early  to   a  testing;   .,r  from   it  may  come  self- 

.Wn'r-'  "'f"  '''.'"'  P°""^  ""^y"^  developed,  and 
impendmg  evils  avoided. 

&  The  true  po  er  of  the  college  is  in  the  will  that 
makes  way  to  .t,  and  makes  way  in  it,  and  makes  way 
hrougr  ,t  The  tasks  are  mastered,  the  knowledge 
acquired,  the  recitations  made,  the  examinations  passed, 
the  honors  won,  by  personal,  rsevering  will.  The  dis- 
cplme  by  which  the  will  brings  all  other  powers  into 
practised  submission  and  service  is  the  best  end  of  a 

andTh'er!-    ''"°"-    ??  ^'''^'  ''"""'^"g^  '^  valuable, 
and  there  is  a  great  deal  of  it ;  but  th  it  is  not  the  chief 

or  the  best  result  of  the  educational  institution. 

1  he  college  16  not  a  museum,  -  literary,  asth-tic  his- 
toric, scientific,  -but  a  gymnasium,  intellectual,  moral 
personal.     Its  value  is  to  be  determined  by  the  ,;easure 
of  the  man  who  comes  out  of  it, -the  measure  of  his 
mental,  executive,  and  moral  force. 

It  will  be  evideift  from  all  this,  that  all  college  men 

do  not  thus  estimate  the  institution ;  at  least,  they  give 

no  proof  of  such  estimate.     They  do  not  show  it  when 

they  enter,  while  they  stay,  or  after  they  leave.     College 

ife  being  a  "fashion"  in  their  choice  circle  of  society, 

hey  fol  ow  it ;  a  precedent  in  their  family,  they  sustaf^ 

It .  a  gilt-edge  to  the  snobbery  they  fancy,  they  put  it 

on.     They  go  to  get  through.     Dissipation,  not  disci- 

tttffi.'!  I  ff  u°^  ?"''  '°""S^  "^^-  A  '^iP'""^  that 
estifies  to  a  falsehood,  in  a  tongue  they  cannot  trans- 
ate.  IS  the  trophy  they  bear  away,  -the  only  sign  that 

they  were  ever  enrolled  as  college  students.    There  are 


..>^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.25 


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Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


ii  I 


15 


I 


such  as  these.  Let  us  believe,  as  we  declare,  to  the 
honor  of  the  institutions  they  misrepresent,  that  the 
number  of  them  is  not  great. 

It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  there  are  "masters  of 
themselves  and  of  their  kind,"  who  have  never  been  at 
college.  They  awoke  too  late  to  the  conviction  of  its 
need,  or  they  found  a  line  of  life  with  opportunities  of 
study  and  of  work  outside  of  a  university,  or  they  made 
the  compromise  with  circumstance  by  which  it  became 
"a  helper  and  a  slave."  They  did  not  go  to  college; 
but  by  transcendent  genius,  by  heroic  purpose,  by  pro- 
tracted and  unflinching  effort,  they  won  place  and  name 
that  few  of  the  favored  sons  of  the  universities  might 
not  envy. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  success  of  self-made  men,  as 
they  are  styled,  must  not  weigh  too  much  in  favor  of 
the  path  they  trod,  nor  must  it  lead  for  a  moment  to 
the  depreciation  of  the  advantages  they  lacked.  Great 
as  they  were  without  the  higher  school  and  the  living 
teacher,  they  and  the  world  would  probably  have  been 
the  gainers  by  a  complete  opportunity  on  their  part  for 
personal  training.  At  least,  so  they  thought ;  for,  if 
there  be  men  more  enthusiastic  in  favor  of  the  college 
than  college  men  themselves,  they  are  to  be  found  in 
the  ranks  of  the  successful  self-made  scholars,  who  know 
what  they  have  lost  by  what  they  have  won,  and  by  the 
manner  of  the  winning. 

Of  other  advantages  of  educational  institutions,  I  shall 
not  now  speak.  They  are  manifold.  Our  youth  of  both 
sexes,  whatever  their  callings  in  life,  would  do  well 
to  seek  these  advantages.  Therefore  parents,  primary 
teachers,  and  older  persons  who  influence  youth,  should 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  i;; 

constantly  place  before  them  the  benefits  of  colleee 
education,  and  inspire  them  to  reach  after  and  attain  it 

proffered,  that  a  larger  percentage  of  American  youth 
may  aspire  after  college  privileges,  or  at  least  remain 
for  a  longer  term  in  the  best  schools  of  a  higher  grade. 
Haste  to  be  rich,  restiveness  under  restraint  during  th» 
age  of  unwisdom,  inability  to  regulate  by  authority  at 
home  the  eager  and  ambitious  life  of  our  youth,  together 

Tffl  /!  t'  '"'"''"^'y  "°«°°s  of  parents,  who  "cannot 
afford  to  have  so  much  time  spent  by  the  young  folks 
n  studying  because  they  must  be  doing  somethfng  for 
themselves,  -these  are  some  of  the  causes  of  the 
depreciation  and  neglect  of  the  America^i  college  •  a 
neglect  lamentable  enough,  and  fraught  with  ham 'to 
the  nation. 

Chautauqua  lifts  up  her  voice  in  favor  of  liberal  edu- 
cation  for  a  larger  number  of  people.  She  would  pack 
existing  institutions  until  wings  must  be  added  to  old 
buildings,  and  new  buildings  be  put  up,  to  accommodate 
young  men  and  maidens  who  are  determined  to  be 
educated. 

Chautauqua  would  exalt  the  profession  of  the  teacher 
until  the  highest  genius,  the  richest  scholarship,  and 
the  broadest  manhood  and  womanhood  of  the  nation 
would  be  consecrated  to  this  service. 

Chautauqua  would  give  munificent  salaries,  and  put 
a  premium  on  merit,  sense,  tact,  and  culture  in  the 
teacher  s  office.  She  would  turn  the  eyes  of  all  the 
people -poor  and  rich,  mechanics,  and  men  of  other  if 
not  higher  degree  -  toward  the  high  school  and  the 
college,  urging  house-builders,  house-owners,  housekeep- 


->*i:w  x'Tvmm.'^mmi 


i;8 


T/f£  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


ers,  farmers,  blacksmiths,  bankers,  millionnaires,  to 
prepare  themselves  by  a  true  culture,  whatever  niche 
they  fill  in  life,  to  be  men  and  women,  citizens,  parents, 
members  of  society,  members  of  the  church,  candidates 
for  immortal  progress. 

To  promote  these  ends,  the  Chautauqua  Literary  and 
Scientific  Circle  was  organized.  By  its  courses  of  pop- 
ular reading  it  gives  a  college  outlook  to  the  unculti- 
vated, and  exalts  the  higher  learning.  It  is  a  John  the 
Baptist,  preparing  the  way  for  seminary  and  university. 

The  managers  of  the  Chautauqua  movement,  how- 
ever, recognize  the  fact  that  there  are  thousands  of 
full-grown  men  and  women  who  are  at  their  best  intel- 
lectually, and  who,'  with  some  leisure  and  much  longing, 
believe  they  could  do  more  than  read.  They  want  to 
study;  to  study  in  downright  earnest;  to  develop 
mental  power ;  to  cultivate  taste ;  to  increase  knowledge, 
to  make  use  of  it  by  tongue  and  pen  and  life.  There 
are  tens  of  thousands  of  young  people  out  of  school  by 
necessities  commercial  and  filial,  who  are  awakened  to 
the  power  within  and  the  possibilities  beyond.  They 
believe  they  could  learn  a  language,  and  enjoy  the  liter- 
ature of  it.  They  believe  they  could  think  and  grow, 
speak  and  write.  They  are  willing  and  eager  to  try. 
Out  of  minutes  they  could  construct  college  terms. 
They  have  will  enough,  heart  enough,  brain  enough,  to 
begin,  to  go  on,  to  go  through ;  and  all  this,  while  the 
every-day  life  continues  with  its  duty  for  this  hour  and 
for  that.  They  believe  that  into  the  closely  woven 
texture  of  every-day  home  and  business  life,  there  may 
be  drawn  threads  of  scarlet,  crimson,  blue  and  gold, 
until  their  homespun  walls  become  radiant  with  form 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  t;g 

and  color  worthy  to  decorate  the  royal  chamber,  -  the 
chamber  of  their  King,  God  the  Father  of  earnest  souls 
Chautauqua  recognizes  the  tact  that  there  are  many 
such  persons    who  covet  educational   opportunities  of 
the  best  kmd,  who  cannot  leave  home  to  enjoy  them 
Parents  are  old  or  feeble,  and  son  or  daughter  is  needed 
to  keep  the  place,  carry  on  the  business,  and  care  for 
father  and  mother.     Now,  they  could  leave  the  old 
people  to  fate,  or  to  the  neighbors,  or  to  the  tender 
mercies  of  hired   servants ;  they  could  go  to  college 
and  stay,  and  get  gain  of  culture -but  it  would  be  at 
a  sacrifice  too  sad  to  think  upon.     What  good  in  a  gain 
made  at   such  a  price  ?    To  these  self-denying,  loyal 
souls,  the  "  Chav ,  .uqua  College  of  Liberal  Arts  "comes 
-not  with  courses  of  reading,  but  with  prescribed  stud' 
les,  just  such  as  are  pursued  in  the  best  colleges  of 
the  country,  -  and  encourages  and  assists  themat  their 
own  homes  to  study,  and  to  take  all  the  time  they  need 
m   order  to  do  the  required  work  well.     Letters   and 
lessons  frequently  pass  between  professors  and  oupils 
Difficulties  are  removed,  suggestions  offered,  will-power 
developed,  knowledge  and  intellectual  power  secured 
In  course  of  time  they  read  Greek  and  Latin  as  well,' 
as   intelligently,  as  do  other  college  students.     They 
read  as  wide  a  range  of  collecteral  ancient  classic  lit- 
erature    They  study  mathematics,  putting  time   and 
thought  into  the  process,  and  getting  power  out  of  it 
They  perform  more  experiments  in  chemistry  than  the 
average  resident  college  student.     In  physics  they  read, 
observe,  think,  and  make  report.     On  every  part  of  the 
college  curriculum  they  pass  written  examinations  in 
the  presence  of  eye-witnesses,  and  they  prepare  theses  • 


i^^t 


1 80 


TN£  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


: 


all  of  which  go  on  file,  and  remain  in  the  University 
office  as  proofs  of  patience,  fidelity,  and  ability.  They 
find  scholars  among  their  nearest  neighbors,  —  lovers 
of  knowledge,  college-graduates,  specialists  in  various 
lines  of  science  and  literature.  By  frequent  conver- 
sations they  elicit  cordial  criticisms,  get  encouragement 
and  information,  and  that  quickening  influence  which 
comes  from  contact  with  the  living  teacher,  and  which 
a  youth  of  twenty,  working  for  examination,  under 
compulsion,  in  a  "division"  or  class  of  forty  or  fifty 
students,  does  not  always  to  any  greater  degree  secure. 
These  students  of  the  C.  C.  L.  A.  pass  examination 
alone,  and  must  answer  or  try  to  answer,  not  one  or 
two  out  of  forty,  but  every  one  of  the  list  of  forty 
questions.  They  study  with  high  ambition.  The  very 
limitation  put  upon  them  tends  to  discipUne.  They 
cannot  do  as  they  would.  They  must  do  what  they  can. 
The  "cannot"  and  the  "must"  beget  purpose  and  in- 
vention, and  out  of  these  come  strength  and  the  joy  of 
achievement.  To  this  class  of  ambitious  people  comes 
the  Chautauqua  College  of  Liberal  Arts.  It  gives  them 
help,  direction,  incentive,  instruction,  encouragement. 
The  teacher,  though  absent,  i.  oy  a  mystic  law  of  soul, 
present  with  his  pupils,  following,  inspiring,  quickening 
them.  By  the  swift  and  steady  shuttle  of  the  post, 
threads  are  crossed  and  intertwined,  till  distance  dwin- 
dles into  neighborhood,  and  under  a  woven  pavilion 
master  aiid  learner  sit  together,  questioning,  answering, 
thinking,  reasoning,  developing,  finding  delight  in  the 
world  of  truth  and  in  the  processes  by  which  it  becomes 
their  own.  The  end  comes  after  a  while,  and  upon  the 
faithful  student  honor  and  reward  are  put  —  in  diploma 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  iSi 

and  degree.     Why  should  it  not  be  so  ?    Are  these  not 
scho  ars  ?     Have  they  not  gained  discipline  ?     Are  they 
not  lovers  of  learning,  with  an  insight  into  the  way  of 
gainmg^ knowledge  ?    Are  they  not  all  that  "  Bachelors 
ot  Art    are  ?    Have  they  not  honorably  worked  their 
way  through  ?    Why  should  a  dissipated  stripling  in 
the  fourth   division  of  a  college  class,  who  has  gone 
through     by  special  helps  of  "  chums  "  and  "  ponies  " 
receive  a  degree,  and  these  filial,  faithful  students  at 
home  be  denied  it  ?    They  know  more  than  he  does. 
They  have  honestly  explored  the  field  over  which  he 
has  hurried.     They  have  more  power  and  grip  in  every 
intellectual  process.     Why  shall  they  not  have  parch- 
ment  and  degree }    To  such  as  these,  Chautauqua  guar- 
antees  both.     In  the  Chautauqua  way  the  stripling  just 
described  could   not  win   them   at  all.     The  diplomas 
which  the  C.  C.  L.  A.  will  give,  few  members  of  the 
lowest  third  of  an  average  college  class  in   America 
could  either  merit  or  secure. 

Besides  the  class  I  have  described,  there  are  men 
and  women  in  business  and  domestic  life,  some  of  them 
in  positions  of  influence  which  wealth  secures,  some  of 
them  on  the  highway  to  such  state  of  prosperity,  who 
deplore  their  deficiencies,  and  desire  to  enjoy  college 
privileges.  Among  these  one  will  find  lawyers,  minis- 
ters,  merchants,  and  women  of  leisure.  To  all  of  them 
the  C.  C.  L.  A.  is  a  benediction.  College  residence  is 
impracticable.  One  hour's  study  a  day  for  a  few  years 
will  give  them  long-coveted  honor. 

The  C.  C.  L.  A.  recognizes  and  fosters  the  college 
spirit.  In  a  very  important  sense,  Chautauqua  students 
cannot  be  isolated.     They  are  «  Chautauquans,"  and  as 


1 82 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


1» 


I 


% 


such  are  united.    They  are  one  in  the  fellowship  of  that 
unique  and  remarkable  movement  now  known  all  over 
the  world  ;  one  in  consecration  to  a  splendid  work,  — 
the  promotion  of  symmetrical  culture  among  the  people 
everywhere;  one  in  a  guild  that  has  chosen  its  "local 
habitation  "  among  the  primeval  forests  on  the  shores 
of  one  of  the  loveliest  lakes  on  the  continent,  where 
Art  has  clasped  hands  with  Nature,  and  bidden  Litera- 
ture, Science,  and  Faith  abide.     Here  the  "  Academia," 
a  beautiful  grove,  has  been  laid  out;  and  here  every 
matriculated  student  of  the  Chautauqua  College  has 
a  home  where  altar-fires  burn,  and  the  songs  of  his 
mystic  brotherhood  ring  out.     The  C.  C.  L.  A.  gives  to 
its   members  'a  peculiar  pre-eminence.     They  occupy 
the  height  which  crowns  the  Chautauqua  movement. 
Looking  down,  they  see  the  great  army  of  C.  L.  S.  C. 
readers  and  students  who  compose  "The  Assembly," 
"The  Circle,"  and  "The  Inner  Circle,"  —  successive 
steps  in  the  University  towards  the  heights  now  occu- 
pied by  the  "  College "  itself.     It  is  something  to  be 
surrounded  by  such  a  constituency,  and  to  be  its  fore- 
most representatives  ! 

The  "Chautatiqua  College  of  Liberal  Arts"  has 
power  to  confer  degrees,  —  all  university  degrees. 
The  Board  of  Trustees  has  decided  by  a  unanimous 
vote,  not  to  bestow  an  honorary  degree.  They  are 
willing  to  defer  that  official  act  for  twenty  years  if  need 
be.  They  are  resolved  to  honor  no  man  whose  attain- 
ments under  Chautauqua  auspices  would  not  be  an 
honor  to  Chautauqua.  The  circumstances  under  which 
the  work  is  done  render  it  imperative  that  the  work 
be  well   done.     Chautauqua   is   determined,   in   these 


iiijii 


VT. 

vship  of  that 
)wn  all  over 
idid  work,  — 
g  the  people 
m  its  "local 
1  the  shores 
nent,  where 
dden  Litera- 
Academia," 

here  every 
College  has 
ongs  of  his 
.  A.  gives  to 
'hey  occupy 

movement. 

C.  L.  S.  C 
Assembly," 
-  successive 
:s  now  occu- 
ihing  to  be 
be  its  fore- 
Arts"  has 
ty    degrees. 

unanimous 

They  are 
ears  if  need 
liose  attain- 
not  be  an 
tnder  which 
t  the  work 
i,  in  these 


THE  CHAUTAUQC/A  MOVEMENT.  183 

higher  departments  of  educationil  pffnrf  f« 

the  resoect  of  tK«  o  u  ,    ^^^^f"^^  ^"ort.  to  command 

"Four  questions  maybe  considered:  (.)  What  is 
the  correspondence-system  of  teaching  '    J  Whit 

--resAnSsy^:  ^^'^  ^^^ 
(4)  What  resu  ts   have  thus  f:,r  k«o  •^^acmngj' 

in  the  line  of  t.nl        l  ^^^"  accomplished 

I.    WHAT   IS   THE   CORRliSPONDENCE-SYSTEVf  ? 

"A  brief  explanation  of  the  plan  of  study  bv  cor 
respondence  is  first  in  order.  ^ 

ea^hJll'KT'''"'"'"''  ''  '"^"«^'<'  'h«  ""dent 

;at  Xh  ai"tors:trJ:^/r:ht 

5^rt     V-  u     .    '^"""^^  ■"   '^>  '"dicates  an  order  of 
2^k  which   the  student  is  required  to  follow    W 

'■able  to  be  misunderstood;   (rf)  furnishes  special 


1 84 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


Ml 


assistance  wherever  such  assistance  is  deemed  neces- 
sary ;  {e)  marks  out  a  specified  amount  of  review- 
work  ;  (/)  contains  an  examination-paper  which  the 
student,  after  having  prepared  the  lesson,  is  required 
to  write  out.  The  instruction-sheet  is  intended,  there- 
fore, to  guide  and  help  the  student  just  as  an  oral 
teacher  would  guide  and  help  him. 

"2.  The  examination-paper  \%  so  constructed,  that,  in 
order  to  its  preparation  for  criticism,  one  must  have 
prepared  beforehand  most  thoroughly  the  lesson  on 
which  it  is  based.  An  examination-paper  on  Caesar, 
for  example,  requires  of  the  student  {a)  the  transla- 
tion of  certain  chapters  into  English  ;  {b)  the  transla- 
tion  into  Latin  of  a  list  of  English  sentences  based 
on  the  Latin  which  has  just  been  translated ;  (p)  the 
explanation  of  the  more  important  constructions, 
with  the  grammatical  reference  for  each  construc- 
tion ;  {d)  the  placing  of  forms ;  (e)  the  change  to 
'  direct  discourse '  of  a  corresponding  passage  in  *  in- 
direct discourse ; '  (/)  the  explanation  of  geographi- 
cal and  historical  allusions ;  (^ )  the  statement  of 
grammatical  principles,  etc.,  etc. 

"  3.  In  the  recitation-paper  submitted  to  the  instruct- 
or, besides  writing  out  the  matter  called  for  in  the 
examination-paper,  the  student  asks  such  questions, 
and  notes  such  difficulties,  as  may  have  presented 
themselves  to  him  in  his  study  of  the  lesson.  This 
recitation-paper  is  promptly  returned  with  all  errors 
corrected,  and  questions  answered ;  and  with  special 
suggestions,  suited  to  each  individual  case. 

"In  this  manner  each  lesson  of  the  course  is 
assigned  and  studied ;  and  the  results  of  the  study 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  l^ 

and  alive:  and  that  thf^^'  "'"'"''  ^^^P^'hetic. 
be  earnest  .^L  ^^orrespondence-pupil  must 

Whatever  kl^vr\''''''''''''"^'  ^"^  '"'^-'^^  ''^^'• 
room  he  can  f '!!!  T^  '"°'"P""' '"  «>e  class- 
a  sturt.nf  r^  .  ^'"^  ^y  correspondence ;  and  if 

a  s  udent  lacking  the  qualities  just  named  undertake 

pe°:f  eterwTat;rtresf  ^Tf''^'"^^  """^ 
or  he  will  rem.in  1    ?  ^  qualities,  and  succeed ; 

"■   ™=  '»SA°VANTAGES  UNDER  WHICH  THE  COR- 
RESPONDENCE-STUDENT   WORKS 

unde^whicr'thV"^""^  ~"'^^^'  """"^  disadvantages 

-:nJX^Sorsx^h:.S"cr^^ 
iurrcar:;:::2ettatttr^  r?-" 

not  larger -exert  u3  thl   .  ?    """''"  °^  '"'^''  '* 

.^hTdr:t::::re^-  '^^  -^  ^-i ;  such?trr  • 

"2.  In  the  recitation-room,  there  is  a  rf^rf^in  .i 

tTe"'v:°e'th  Tr  =^'^''  *^^  em^tln  ;       1    : 
Thto    c:„t^1str\'^^^^  ^"-^ '"  <^'^"'f^  ''™ 

correspondenLCrt  ""''  '''"  '""'"^  '"  *^ 


1 86 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


"  3.  An  earnest,  conscientious  teacher,  in  whatever 
department  he  may  work,  will  unconsciously  furnish 
information,  impart  methods  of  work,  let  drop  sugges- 
tions, which  are  not  to  be  found  in  text-books.  Under 
the  inspiration  of  the  class-room  he  will  lead  his 
pupils  by  paths  which  he  himself  never  trod  before. 
All  this,  the  correspondence-student  loses. 

"4.  Ordinarily  the  student  makes  one  hundred  and 
sixty  to  one  hundred  and  eighty  recitations  in  a  given 
study  during  the  year.  The  correspondence-student 
makes  but  forty. 

"  f  There  is  a  drudgery  in  the  work  of  writing  out 
long  lessons,  which  some  regard  as  almost  unendur- 
able. This  is  in  sharp  contrast  with  the  freedom  and 
pleasure  with  which  others  make  an  oral  recitation. 

"  6.  There  is  necessarily  a  large  amount  of  irreg- 
ularity in  the  correspondence-work.  The  interrup- 
tions are,  in  the  very  nature  of  the  case,  quite  numer- 
ous; and  after  such  interruptions  there  inevitably 
comes  discouragement.  This  is  a  most  serious  dif- 
ficulty. 

"  7.  The  correspondence-student  is  not  under  the 
eye  of  an  instructor  ;  the  temptation  to  be  dishonest 
is  always  at  hand.  He  is  more  likely  to  use  illegiti- 
mate helps,  and  to  misuse  legitimate  ones,  than  is  he 
who  must  produce  the  results  of  his  work  in  the 
presence  of  his  comrades  and  at  a  moment's  notice. 

"8.  Whatever  the  common  opinion  may  be,  the  re- 
quirements of  the  correspondence-system  are  of  so 
exacting  and  rigid  a  nature  as  to  prevent  some  from 
completing  the  work,  who  would  certainly  be  able  to 
pass  through  the  course  of  study  in  many  of  our  so- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ,g, 

tage  of  the  correspondence-system,  according  to  the 
point  of  view  taken.  * 

thZ^'"   ''f^""'"'    i'  '^   true,   exist;    but  some 

m:dff;rhXftr'"''''^'' "'"•-'-' '■'«''%. 

"I.  If  personal  stimulus  furnished  by  the  teacher 
IS  absolutely  necessary  to  good  results  on  the  part  ! 
the  student    then  two-thirds  of  the  oral  instruct  on 

out  of  th,ee  teachers  exert  no  such  influence  upon 
their  pupils,  their  work  being  purely  mechanical. 

2.  Is  it  true  that  this  personal  magnetism,  this 
personal  influence,  cannot  be  conveyed  by  wri  ing 

gr  Iter^et^t'^'^H  "■  ""■  ""'^  """^"'  P^^""''  ''« 
greater  effect }    Have  not  many  of  us  received  greater 

m  piration  from  personal   letters   than   from  words 

uttered  by  mouth.'     Are  there  not  among  our  bes 

friends  those  whom  we  have  never  seen,  whose  voice 

onVbTle^r  ^"''' ^''°- "-'^^  ''^ --•>ed  - 
"In  my  experience  with  students  by  correspond- 
ence,  brief  as  it  has  been,  I  can  refer  to  hundreds 
of  men  who  have  acknowledged  the  stimulus  and  in- 
spira^ion  receive.d  by  letters  in  the  course  of  their 

knows  that  he  ,s  a  member  of  a  class  which  probably 
numbers  hundreds,  the  members  of  which  live  n 
every  State  and  Territory  and  even  in  foreign  lands 

also  r.""'  '""'''■'''""  '"  '^''  f^^'-'  "«  knows,' 
also,  that  every  recitation-paper  is  graded,  that  his 


i 

i'li! 
llil! 


I 

III:: 
P 

I. 


l! 


!  > 


lil! 


t         :  1 


I:". 

in:        .  ;| 


I  i\ 


I  I 


1^ 


1 88 


T/fE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


progress  is  very  closely  watched,  that  his  classmates 
are  pushing  on  notwithstanding  difficulties  and  obsta- 
cles as  great  as  he  is  called  to  meet.  Is  there  not 
stimulus  in  all  this? 

"  4.  Only  forty  recitations  a  year  are  required ;  yet 
each  of  these  forty  demands  the  preparation  and  the 
work  of  three  or  four  oral  recitations ;  and  were  the 
number  less  than  forty,  and  the  amount  accomplished 
less,  the  fact  that  the  student  prepares  his  lesson 
knowing  that  he  must  recite  the  whole  of  it,  and  that 
he  must  recite  it  by  writing,  goes  far  to  make  up  in 
quality  what  perhaps  in  quantity  might  be  lacking. 

"  5.  The  drudgery  is  very  great,  but  not  so  great 
as  many  imagine.  Besides,  those  to  whom  the  work 
seems  so  onerous  are  those  of  whom  such  work  as  a 
matt  .r  of  discipline  should  be  required. 

"6,  While  in  correspondence-work  it  is  true  that 
interruptions  and  consequent  discouragements  are 
more  likely  to  occur,  it  is  equally  true,  {a)  that  this 
evil  is  largely  mitigated  by  the  fact  that  the  average 
correspondence-student  is  thirty  years  of  afre,  and 
therefore  old  enough  to  overcome  the  bad  effect  of 
such  interruptions ;  {b)  that  a  rigid  system  of  reviews 
helps  greatly,  also,  to  counterbalance  this  evil ;  and 
{c)  thar,  while  work  lost  from  sickness  or  other  cause 
is  never  really  made  up  in  the  ordinary"  class,  in  the 
correspondence-class  no  work  is  lost,  the  student 
being  required  to  begin  at  the  point  reached  when 
the  interruption  took  place. 

**  7.  After  all.  dishonesty  in  correspondence-work 
is  more  easily  detected  than  in  an  oral  recitation. 


lis  classmates 

ies  and  obsta- 

Is  there  not 

required ;  yet 

ation  and  the 

and  were  the 

accomplished 

es  his  lesson 

if  it,  and  that 

0  make  up  in 

be  lacking. 

not  so  great 

[lom  the  work 

uch  work  as  a 

it  is  true  that 
agements  are 
;,  {a)  that  this 
it  the  average 
3  of  afre,  and 

bad  effect  of 
;em  of  reviews 
this  evil ;  and 
or  other  cause 
y"  class,  in  the 
,  the   student 

reached  when 

Dondence-work 
)ral  recitation. 


TNE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  ,89 

examination-paper,  in  each  case,  that  at  least  in  a 

!:fbtS°'"'^"°^'^"°'''-"^'^-^P-'% 
"8.  It  is  proper  in  this  connection  to  consider  the 

ti  uZ"/ tf"'"  ^"^  '"'  °"^  "^^  ^-^  thought  of  sub 
St  utmg  the  correspondence-system  for  the  oral  •  the 
latter  .s  conceded  to  be  superior,  and  only  thos;  Ire 
admed  to  study  by  correspondence  who  cannot  in  any 
way  obtam  oral  instruction,  (i)  The  fact  that  the 
large  proportion  of  correspondence-students  are  vol 
untary  workers  removes  many  difficulties  which  under 

tll^Z^V'  '"'^''  ^'"^'-  «  What  the  stu- 
dent loses  in  his  correspondence-work,  he  may  easilv 
gain  by  attending  the  Summer  Schools,  wWch  1^ 
dee4,  are  uitended  to  supplement  the  corr;sponde;::. 

in.  WHAT  ADVANTAGES  DOES  THE  CORRESPONDENCE- 

SySTEM  HAVE.' 

"While  it  is  freely  conceded  that  there  are  disad- 
vantages  attending  the  correspondence-system,  i  is 
confidently  claimed  that  this  system  has  some  advan 

pefmit""  "'.v""  ^^^'^'"'-     °"  ^P^-  -"   -"ce" 
tlLse:-  ^  thing  more  than  a  bare    mention    of 

"  I.  By  the  correspondence-student,  compelled  to 
express  every  thought  in  writing,  there  is  eained 
what  the  student  reciting  orally  does  not  oS 
acquire,  -  the  habit  of  exact  statement  ^ 

stale '.f!  'v  correspondence-student,  compelled  to 

tLt,:ir;T^.'*-i^°"^^P?'-.<'f  -  principle,  or  his 
.   o.   u  paragraph,   there  is   demanded   a 


!F^' 


m 


nil 


mh 


i;  I 


i|  i 

iif 

i " 

t  : 

i     i' 

i      ii 

i!'l      ' 

1        ! 

1    1 

1 

Ii 

U     1 

190 


TW^"  CHAl/TAUQiTA  MOVEMENT. 


greater  accuracy  of  knowledge  than  is  necessary  for 
an  ordinary  oral  recitation. 

"  3.  While  each  student,  in  an  oral  recitation,  re- 
cites only  one-tenth,  one-thirtieth,  or  one-sixtieth 
of  the  lesson  assigned,  each  correspondence-student 
recites  the  entire  lesson,  however  long  it  may  be.  iff 
four  oral  recitations,  each  student  in  a  class  of  thirty 
recites  eight  minutes  :  in  the  preparation  of  a  single 
recitation-paper,  the  correspondence-student  spends 
at  least  two  hours,  aside  from  the  previous  work  of 
preparing  the  lesson.  The  oral  student  must  recite 
rapidly,  often  hurriedly:  the  correspondence-student 
works  out  his  recitation-paper  slowly,  thoughtfully. 

"  4.  The  correspondence-student,  given  all  necessaty 
assistance,  but  compelled  to  obtain  every  thing  else 
for  himself,  or  write  out  his  questions  and  wait  for 
the  written  answer,  is  led  to  investigate,  to  be  inde- 
pendent in  his  study,  and  to  have  a  confidence  in  the 
results  of  his  own  investigation  which  the  student 
who  has  constant  recourse  to  his  instructor  does 
not  have. 

"5.  If  a  written  examination  is  a  more  thorough 
test  of  a  student's  knowledge  of  a  given  subject, 
surely  a  written  recitation  is  not,  in  respect  to  thor- 
oughness, inferior  to  an  oral  one.  The  correspond- 
ence-system requires  of  its  students  more  thorough 
preparation  of  the  lesson  assigned,  a  more  thor- 
ough recitation  of  it,  and,  in  a  word,  a  more  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  subject  treated  of  in  that  lesson. 

"6.  A  prime  requisite  in  good  teaching  is  the 
ability  to  assif^n  the  proper  lesson.  Many  excellent 
teachers  fail  at  this  poin*      The  lesson  is  too  long, 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT.  rg, 

or  too  short ;  the  ground  to  be  covered  is  not  defi- 
nitely  .nd.cated ;  the  method  of  work  is  not  clearly 
stated,  etc  etc.  The  correspondente-lesson,  since 
It  :s  generally  in  printed  form,  is  prepared  with  the 
greatest  care  No  part  of  it  is  given  out  hurriedly. 
It  .s  the  result  of  hours  of  careful  study  and  calcu- 

days,  the  student  is  allowed  a  longer  time ;  if  it  can 
be  prepared  within  a  less  time,  the  student  can  take 
up  the  next  lesson.  Nothing  could  be  more  definite 
than  this  lesson,  for  it  is  assigned  with  a  minuteness 
of  detail  which  to  some  doubtless  seems  superfluous, 
but  which  m  the  case  of  others  is  absolutely  essen! 

"7.  Finally,  whatever  may  be  the  relative  merits 

thinks,  that  there  are  thousands  of  men  and  women 
unable  to  avail  themselves  of  oral  assistance,  who 
nevertheless,  are  eager  to  study.  It  is  surely  an 
advantage  of  the  correspondence-system,  that  it  can 
aid  this  large  class,  who  otherwise  would  have  no 
help,  and  would  make  no  progress. 

"These  are  some  of  the  advantages  of  the  corre- 
spondence-system.    But  is  any  one  to  suppose  that 
there  exists,  in  the  mind  of  those  especially  inter- 
ested  in  this  system,  a  desire  to  have  it  take  the  place 
of  oral  instruction  >     Is  the  one  in  any  sense  a  rival 
of  the  other.?     I  wish  here  to  record,  in  answer  to 
these  questions,  a  most  emphatic  No.     What  is  the 
tact .?     Only  those  persons  are  encouraged  to  study  by 
correspondence,  or,  indeed,  admitted  to  such  study,  who 
.ecause  of  age,  poverty,  occupation,  situation,  or  some 


fliliii-Hii-IHiiiiiKili 


!|jl 


1  i 

i ' 

' 

' 

fi 

i           i: 

1 

^ 

1 1 

i         ■     ■  : 

1 

1          n 

i     ' 

192 


TI/E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


other  good  reason,  cannot  avail  themselves  of  oral 
instruction.  Away,  therefore,  with  all  baseless  and 
foolish  prejudice  in  this  matter !  The  correspondence- 
system  would  not,  if  it  could,  supplant  oral  instruc- 
tion, or  be  regarded  as  its  substitute.  There  is  a 
field  for  each  which  the  other  cannot  fill.  Let  each 
do  its  proper  work. 

IV.    WHAT    HAS    BEEN    ACCOMPLISHED    THUS    FAR    IN 
THE   LINE   OF    CORRESPONDENCE-WORK? 

"  In  the  strict  sense  of  the  term,  the  correspond- 
ence-system has  been  in  use  only  four  or  five  years. 
This  time  has  been  sufficient,  however,  to  enable  us 
to  note  a  few  practical  results  :  —  ^ 

"I.  It  has  already  helped  thousands  of  men  toward 
a  knowledge  of  certain  subjects,  which  otherwise  they 
would  not  have  had. 

"2.  There  are  to-day  many  thousands  of  men 
already  convinced  of  the  feasibility  of  the  system, 
who  are  but  waiting  for  the  moment  to  arrive  at  which 
they  shall  begin.  Educators  in  all  lines  are  beginning 
to  appreciate  the  possibilities  of  this  system. 

**  3.  Institutions  have  been  established,  chief  among 
which  stands  the  Chautauqua  College  of  Liberal 
Arts,  through  whose  influence  the  system  will  be 
more  fully  developed,  and  rendered  capable  of  accom- 
plishing still  greater  good. 

"  I  venture,  in  closing  this  very  brief  and  imperfect 
presentation,  to  make  two  statements  ;  one  an  asser- 
tion based  on  large  experience,  the  other  a  prediction 
based  on  strong  conviction:  — 

♦*  I.  The  student  who  has  prepared  a  certain  nuin- 


1  certain  num- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  193 

ber  of  lessons  in  the  correspondence-school  knows 
more  of  the  subject  treated  in  those  lessons,  and 
knows  It  better,  than  the  student  who  has  covered 
the  same  ground  in  the  class-room. 

"2.  The  day  is  coming  when  the  work  done  by 
correspondence  will  be  greater  in  amount  than  that 
done  m  the  class-rooms  of  our  academies  and  col- 
leges ;  when  the  students  who  shall  recite  by  corre- 
spondence  will  far  outnumber  those  who  make  oral 
recitations." 

From  all  that  I  have  said,  it  will  be  easily  seen  that 
The  Chautauqua  College  of  Liberal  Arts  "  is  not  a 
rival  of  other  colleges,  competing  for  students,  present- 
ing inducements  to  persons  who  want  college  honors 
on  abridged  courses  of  study,  by  the  way  of  "easy'' 
examinations,  or  at  greatly  reduced  expense.     Our  col- 
ege  requirements  are  as  rigid,  the  examinations  as 
thorough,  as  those  of  any  college  in  America.     And 
there  are  institutions  where  a  full  college  course  may 
require  less  money  than  will  be  necessary  to  complete 
the  studies  of  the   "Chautauqua   College  of  Liberal 
Arts.       Indeed,  it  is  a  regulation  of  our  institution, 
that  we  will   not  receive  a  student  who  can  enter  a 
resident  school  of  the  highest  grade.     Chautauqua  de- 
serves the  heartiest  co-operation  of  all  college  men 

"The  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle" 
by  enlisting  sixty  or  seventy  thousand  people  (many  of 
whom  are  parents)  in  a  course  of  English  reading' 
which  embraces  the  subjects  of  the  college  course 
makrr  them  familiar  with  the  college  world,  and  fhus 
prepare,  them  to  insist  that  their  own  children  shall 
enter  that  world  as  college  students, 


:li    i 


.? 


I    III 


I 


!     I 


Miii 


194 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT, 


By  providing  a  variety  of  reading  courses,  Chautau- 
qua also  supplements  the  college,  and  encourages  grad- 
uates to  continue  reading  and  study  at  home  and  in 
connection  with  business ;  thus  giving  added  value  to 
college  privileges,  and  showing  graduates  how  they 
may  continue  to  grow,  and,  while  they  themselves 
grow,  to  help  others  in  the  pui*suit  of  knowledge,  and  in 
the  attainment  of  the  power  which  knowledge  and  the 
pursuit  of  it  give. 


t  I 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


195 


CHAPTER   IX. 

"  Hi>pr,aM„g„u.k,  but  mm  hU  pra^lU,  ^^,^. 
A  livmg  ,>rm,„  of  Ik.  truth,  h,  taught." -Xli^^^-^, 

■•-    pated  by  the  various  provisions  on  the  Chautau- 
qua programme  for  the  benefit  of  ministers  vis.W  th" 
place  durmg  the  summer  sessions,  was  duly  organized 
and  chartered  in  the  winter  of  ,88c-8..     The  obims 
of    he  school  are  thus  set  forth  in  the  charter  gtnted 
by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  New  York   ^Tto 
instruct  its  patrons  in  the  departments  of  bibliwl  th^ 
log.ca^,  ecclesiastical,  historical,  and  philosophical  llarn 
-ng  wh.ch  are  usually  taught  in  sem^aries'devoted  to 
the  trammg  of  candidates  for  the  clerical  profession 

^dltes     ?  tI  T  '°  '^'  '^"'""'y  °f  the  can- 

aidates.      2.  To  provide  an  archEeoIogical  library  and 

museum  for  the  illustration  of  biblical  and  OrienTal  re 

search,  and  the  collection  of  books,  manuscrSrcht    " 

plans,  casts,  relics,  etc.,  designed  to  assist  the  bibUcai 

;r:r;rii:rasr' '"•'"•"- -»■ 

Although,  in  the  language  of  the  Charter,  "the  place 
m  the  town  of  Chautauqua,  county  of  Chautauqua,  New 


Illli 
,l.i 


](•       ill 

hi 


I 


il'l 


inii!!'  I 


196 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


York,"  the  work  of  the  school  is  performed  by  minis- 
ters at  their  homes  ;  all  their  biblical,  theological,  and 
sermonic  studies  to  be  recognized,  under  certain  condi- 
tions and  regulations,  in  the  curriculum  prescribed.  It 
is  not  necessary  that  the  student  of  the  Chautauqua 
School  of  Theology  should  ever  visit  Chautauqua  itself; 
annual  examinations  being  provided  for,  in  centres  easily 
accessible  to  all  students. 

Two  departments  in  the  Chautauqua  School  of  The- 
ology have  been  announced :  First,  "  The  Chautauqua 
School  of  Theology,"  the  "student"  of  which,  paying 
the  required  fees  and  passing  the  examinations,  will  be 
entitled  to  the  diploma  and  other  honors  of  the  institu- 
tion. Second,  "  The  Jerusalem  Chamber  of  Theology," 
the  "  members  "  of  which,  paying  the  fees  and  adopting 
the  regular  course  of  reading,  study,  and  reports,  shall 
be  entitled  to  all  printed  documents  sent  out  by  the 
Faculty. 

The  "Jerusalem  Chamber"  in  Westminster  Abbey, 
London,  in  the  time  of  Richard  II.  was  hung  with  tapes- 
try which  represented  the  story  of  the  siege  of  Jerusa- 
lem. Over  the  chimney-piece  may  now  be  seen  these 
texts:  "O  pray  for  the  peace  of  Jerusalem;"  "Build 
thou  the  walls  of  Jerusalem;"  and,  "Jerusalem  which  is 
above  is  free."  Here  King  Henry  IV.  died.  Here,  also, 
the  Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines  held  many  of 
their  sessions.  Here,  too,  the  revised  Prayer  Book  of  the 
Church  of  England  was  drawn  up,  and  in  this  historic 
hall  the  English  committee  when  engaged  in  the  revis- 
ion of  the  Holy  Bible  held  their  meetings.  This  me- 
morial centre  has  given  the  name  to  the  department  of 
the  Chautauqua  School  of  Theology,  that  proffers  what- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  jg^ 

nal  investigator  in  linguistic  lines  rZ  k  r  ^",'^"^'" 
the  a,es  has  provide!  toolVrthe'il'oroftx:  Sif 
a^^Hl^^'  ,''"''""'  =''°"'''  "«  ^"le  to  read  GreTk 
read  Enrftr' ''''' •'"'^"^"''y  "^"  '»  enable  hTm  to 
cTeek  a„^  H  T"""""^  °^  '"^  *°^''  "^  God  in  which 
re  erences  olthT  ""'^  °""'  "'^'  "^  "^^  --^fy  he 
rmphasLed  Ld   r^°'"°u'  '^'"""^  *^  constructions 

thett:St:rT:rrr:^^^^^^^^^^ 

good  a  thing, ..  w  x:irr;rrr " 
s:«;:ir?r  ^^'^r^"^  cia^^efari: 

spend  too  ™uch  .^^ th^e^^^^'oE: Ic ai  Si^i^ 


198 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


i    !i 


and  of  ecclesiastical  discussions  between  schools  long 
since,  or  well-nigh,  extinct ;  in  mere  talk  about  words 
and  "endless  genealogies,  which  minister  questions 
rather  than  godly  edifying."  It  is  foolish  to  commit 
the  contents  of  the  Rosetta  Stone  to  memory,  but  it 
is  well  to  be  able  to  find  it  if  one  needs  to  consult  it. 
The  Chautauqua  School  0^  Theology  aims  to  give  in 
condensed  outlines  the  facts  of  Church  history,  the 
historical  development  of  doctrine  and  form ;  and  places 
within  easy  reach  of  its  members  whatever  they  may 
care  to  find  out  concerning  the  multiplied  unfoldings  of 
historical,  systematic,  and  comparative  theology. 

The  various  schools  of  the  Church,  ecclesiastical  and 
doctrinal,  arp  reported  to  all  students  of  the  Chautauqua 
School  of  Theology  by  their  respective  representatives. 
The  Calvinist  defines  Calvinism ;  the  Arminian,  Ar- 
minianism  ;  a  Baptist  gives  the  distinctive  views  of  his 
branch  of  the  Church ;  and  thus  the  Chautauqua  School 
of  Theology  is  strictly  denominational,  in  that  it  guar- 
antees to  each  member  not  only  a  course  of  doctrinal 
studies  prepared  by  men  authorized  to  speak  for  his 
Church,  but  it  enables  him  to  test  the  soundness  of  such 
statement  by  a  careful  reading  of  the  positions  taken  by 
other  or  rival  schools.  There  is  a  sense  in  which  this 
may  be  called  "union,"  but  it  is  in  the  highest  and  best 
sense  denominational. 

The  C.  S.  T.  insists  upon  the  study  of  human  nature. 
It  carefully  searches  into  the  social  phenomena  of  our 
times.  It  seeks  the  haunts  and  homes  of  men,  studies 
their  trades,  sorrows,  wrongs,  and  necessities.  It  stud- 
ies sociology  —  domestic,  commercial,  political — from 
the  Christian  point  of  view.     It  secures  for  its  members 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  i^ 

pose  the  devices  bvltHf."'"'^'  "'^'"'  ''"^  '<>  «- 

while  it  kee;r:itK:  e ;:  3  r'r  '"^  ^'^'"' 

evidence,  and  how  to  plead"  hhlnen  '°  ""^^ 

nat^rt's^tlth  tT".'".*"^'  ^'""^  °^  -- 
human   naturl    such   a^s   Sh  ^""Suished  students  of 

eray.  Diclcens!  George  H 'of  TrV,^''''^°"'  T"-"'" 
^tudy  in  our  iheolo^^ai  hoolf  the  ""'••  T  ^' 
study  God  :  why  not  studv  »u.i  the  speciahsts  who 
man  ?    This  is  all  thf  ^^         *'  specialists  who  study 

false  philosophy  whch  often'  '"■""''"'  ""^"^^  "^  ">'    • 
ous  w'ay.  and^w^hi:  '  houM  bf  Mdrr^'"  '^T^ 

Heavily  rest  as'tn^— 'U.:~^-^  ^^ 

hea^r^wll  "/ap^pt^ ^.T  "^^^  ^'"'^^  -- 
benefit  it  was  desf/„Tth "  cTt  ^  ^'"'^ 
of  the  work   has   met  with    c.  ,  ■^'^   P^^^ 

constantly  tested  ^Jt'^o  its7oJe°c  ^f  V^ 
partment  of  Hebrew  under  Dr  W  ^^^  ^^e  de- 

of  New-Testament  Greel^  d^pt "^A  W  't' 
have  been  very  successful.  Other  Je~„^7^'- 
done  excellent  work,  and  with  Dat,Vn.»  ",  '  ^^''^ 
the  whole  scheme  will  soT„  /  ^"''  experience 

value.     More  t"an  four  h     ^'T"''"^'^  "^  P^^^tical 
anrl  .!,«"  ""^  hundred  names  are  enroIleH  ■ 

present       T  "T"  °'  "'"'^'^^  '"  Pastortl  work  at' 
present, -„en  who  could  not  be  in  any  other  tLologt 


•iHllta 


! 

i 


'A 
fiil! 


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Mii|i 


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ii.!i|>h 


200 


T//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


cal  seminary.  When  the  "  ships  come  in,"  and  chairs 
of  correspondence  are  endowed,  the  C.  S.  T.  will  do 
work  that  will  surprise  the  Church. 

In  the  study  of  human  nature  the  Chautauqua  School 
of  Theology  does  not  forget  the  intimate  relation  be- 
tween body  and  soul.  From  diseased  nerves  often  come 
gloom  and  despondency,  or  a  delirium  of  joy.  There 
are  people,  too,  who  perpetually  sin  against  the  body, 
and  then  wonder  at  their  spiritual  bonJap:e  and  depres- 
sion. Every  minister  needs  to  know  the  laws  of  physi- 
cal, mental,  and  spiritual  interaction.  A  distinguished 
physiologist  and  physician,  Dr.  J.  S.  Jewell  of  Chicago, 
has  pre  ' ' -ed  for  students  of  the  C.  S.  T.  a  series  of 
papers  Ui.  "  What  Anatomy  and  Physiology  have  to  say 
to  Young  Ministers." 

Annual  praxes  in  the  study  of  human  nature  are 
required.  Each  student  is  furnished  with  blanks  and 
"character-questions,"  by  the  guidance  of  which  he  is 
expected  to  study  a  given  number  of  individuals  in  his 
church  or  community,  making  reports  every  year  ;  thus 
collecting  valuable  scientific  data,  and  at  the  same  time 
cultivating  in  himself  the  habit  of  studying  human 
nature. 

The  Chautauqua  School  of  Theology  also  gives  atten- 
tion to  natural  science.  For  his  own  sake  as  a  thinker, 
as  a  lover  of  wisdom  ami  .hr  works  of  God,  and  as  a 
creature  made  for  hi^-  enjoyment,  the  minister  should 
be  a  student  of  natural  science.  How  much  more  for 
the  sake  of  those  whom  he  serves,  — the  young,  whose 
faith  is  threatened  by  the  scepticism  of  the  age ;  the 
studious,  whose  delights  lie  in  regions  of  thought,  seri- 
ously needing  the  religious  element  with  its  moral  stand- 


i! 


THE  CHAUrAUQC/A  MOVEMENT.  joi 

partments  will  be,  from  time    o/'""  '"J"  ""''=''  "- 
members  of  the  C  ST  '"^'  ^"'^™i«ecl  to  the 

professio"!"™!;"'  keeo'in'T"'"'.'""'  "^   '"«   '-«™ed 

"terary  taste  aL'^hi  "velT'  [  llf''''  ^''--'' 

country  neighborhoods,  andTn   all   n  *"'■     '"  "" 

cties  (even  on  the  frontier)  wlhi       °"'  """"  ""^ 
and  with  public  sentiment  in  f  Z""  '"P^""^  schools 

there  is  a  growing  eXlwrh?/  "^''"^ ''"''  ^'"''y. 
allow  to  outgrow  himself  He  should  r""'"  "'"^'  ""^ 
m  order  to   understand   th^         ,      ^^P  "P  "''*  this 

youth  and  age  arrexposed^!/'?''"  P^"''  ">  which 
which  insidiously  creep  It  ^"^'™"'  P^'osophies 
holds,  underminfng  tl^e  toh  ofT""""'","^""  "o"^- 
word  of  God.     We  need  nlf  "'"P'^  '"  ">«  P"e 

such  as  Ingersoll:  but  when  votr''  "?  """^"<="  "^ 
concerning  his  statemems  wrZl^hT     ""^"''■^  "'  "» 
reply  rather  than  anathema  L7k      .f  ^'^""'""'  ^"^ 
over  against  his  falsificaS     Th/       "  *°  P"'  ^^"^'^ 
derstand  the  literarv  .1.!!     .      1}^  "'mster  must  un- 

h-s  gospel;  and  S.tTa"„d  atl'if  """"'f'  ^"'^^-'- 
that  his  matter  and  m  ner  tm  co""  .  "''"  "'^™' 
of  the  most  highlv  ^2\Z  a  *'"  ."'"■"and  the  respect 
C  S  T  A^^,'^""'^"cdm  his  community  In  th. 
L-  i>-  T.  the  modern  antagonisms   of  cTK  ^ 

social,  scientific,  doctrinal,  fcckslst^ll      f  "","^  ~ 
-are  conscientiously  considered    ''•  '"'  P°"''^^' 

sec^u^af :ir:e"S:  r  "t '°  ";'^  "''^^^'  °f  ^<'"-«<'n. 

office,- the  JewrflmUyscC't"   *"   '"' ''"'°"' 
early  catechetical  and  tl;t U  V^^"^"^"^^  '  "^^ 


202 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


It 

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school ;  the  rise  and  progress  of  modern  secular  educa- 
tion ;  the  relation  ot  the  Church  to  culture. 

A  museum  of  Sacred  Archaeology  was  opened  at 
Chautauqua,  Aug.  i6,  x88i,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Chautauqua  archaeological  department  of  the  "  Chautau- 
qua School  of  Theolog}^"  Rev.  J.  E.  Kittredge,  D.D., 
Secretary.  It  is  the  design  of  this  society  to  collate 
and  report  the  results  of  the  late&t  explorations  in  Bible 
lands  ;  to  form  a  library  and  museum  for  the  collection 
of  maps,  books,  relics,  casts,  etc.,  illustrating  this 
department  of  research ;  and  to  provide  for  an  annual 
lecture  or  report  bringing  into  available  form  the  latest 
thought  in  this  field  of  biblical  study.  A  gentleman  of 
wealth  has  erected  a  building  at  Chautauqua  which  al- 
ready contains  several  ^di^X^x  facsimiles  of  the  Rosetta 
Stone,  the  Black  Obelisk  of  Shalmaneser,  the  Moabite 
Stone,  the  winged  bull  and  lion  from  Nineveh,  the 
famous  panel  of  the  Arch  of  Titus,  the  Hamath  inscrip- 
tions, copies  of  the  three  great  Codices,  —  Vatica?ms, 
Sinaiticus,  Alexandrinus ;  also,  biblical  objects,  relics, 
coins,  maps,  charts,  etc. 

Several  plans  are  gradually  maturing,  from  which 
much  good  must  come  to  members  of  the  school ;  such 
as,  a  system  of  co-operative  work  for  reading  of  a  large 
number  of  authorities  on  a  given  topic ;  frequent  syllabi 
of  the  latest  review  articles,  and  a  course  on  biblical, 
theological,  and  ecclesiastical  themes  in  Europe  and 
America;  the  actual  study  of  homiletical  science  as 
revealed  by  the  observations  of  friendly  critics,  lay  and 
clerical ;  the  giving  of  incidental  attention  by  students 
of  the  C.  S.  T.  to  mechanical  pursuits,  in  order  that 
they  may  become  familiar  with  the  varied  operations  of 


•lili! 


TENT. 

1  secular  educa- 
jre. 

was  opened  at 
Jirection  of  the 
f  the  "  Chautau- 
Cittredge,  D.D., 
ciety  to  collate 
•rations  in  Bible 
)r  the  collection 
llustrating  this 
le  for  an  annual 
I  form  the  latest 
A  gentleman  of 
auqua  which  al- 
r  of  the  Rosetta 
>er,  the  Moabite 
<\  Nineveh,  the 
Hamath  inscrip- 
es,  —  Vaticamis, 
objects,  relics, 


THE  CHAl/TAl/Ql/A  MOVEMENT.  203 

industrial  life,  for  the  sakp  nf  k  •     • 

enforcement  of  S      ^  '"^  '"  ''^  ^PP"^'''-"  «" 

More  than  four  hundred  ministers  are  enrolled  i„  «, 
Chautauqua  School  of  Ti,„  i  7     '^"^"ed  m  the 

courses  of  study  ^^^'  '""^  "'  ^"""'"S  ''^ 


«illl 


ng,  from  which 
he  school ;  such 
ading  of  a  large 
frequent  syllabi 
irse  on  biblical, 
in  Europe  and 
tical  science  as 
{  critics,  lay  and 
tion  by  students 
3,  in  order  that 
ed  operations  of 


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204 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT, 


CHAPTER  X. 

«  When  the  press  is  the  echo  of  sages  and  reformers,  it  works  welir  — 
Lamartine. 

CHAUTAUQUA  at  the  very  beginning  made  wise 
and   extensive   use  of  the   "press,"  in   order  to 
arrest  public  attention  to  the  work   attempted.      The 
"  Superintendent  of  Instruction,"  in  full  charge  of  the 
programme,  was  also  editor  of  the  Sunday-school  publi- 
cations of  the  "Methodist  Book  Concern  ;"  and  as  the 
Assembly  was  begun  under  the  auspices  of  the  "Union  " 
of  which  he  was  Corresponding  Secretary,  he  was  justi- 
fied in  making  a  free  use  of  the  periodicals  under  his 
control.     And  this  he  did.     The  "  Sunday-school  Jour- 
nal" with  a  circulation  of  over  a  hundred   thousand 
copies  monthly,  the  "  Normal  Class  "  and  "  Chautauqua 
Bulletin,"  in  large  editions,  gave  notice  to  the  world 
of  the  coming  Assembly ;  and  through  a  thorough  sys- 
tem of  announcements  in  the  general  press,  religious 
and  secular,  the  first  meeting  on  "the  first  Tuesday 
of  August,"  1874,  was  looked  forward  to  by  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  Sunday-school  and  church  workers.     Its 
proceedings  were  as  widely  reported.     A  special  secre- 
tary was  employed,  who  prepared  an  elaborate  account 
of   the  proceedings   in   a  pamphlet   of   three  hundred 
pages,  more  than  twelve  thousand  copies  of  which  were 


1!ii!  i 


/■/  works  well"  — 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  205 

reports  of  the  proceedings.     Never  since  then  has  th^ 
press  been  more  effectively  utilized  than  in  the  ant  ci 

ve.  h  i  i  ,.  p:r :it  ~TeX:;r 

Assembly  with  its  heavy  burdens'hesitated  afo"  assim 
Z  utn^re""""^'/""  '''''''  '"^  matter  depend." 

offered  til        V     ""^^  controlled.    It  again  and  again 

asSn  e  to""  T'  '"'  ^""^"'^^^  '""orsement  and 
assistance,  to  private  parties  who  might  be  willing  to 

assume  the  responsibility  of  publishing  a  paper    Atlst 
this  offer  was  accepted   by  Rev   T    L    fH'<   V 

Ba";:;^!;  Tr''''°' '''  ^-^' -'-'"  ^ 

Jsa.iey,  Jisq.,  of  Jamestown   N  V    ac  K,.,; 
issuer!  in  ,»-,«  1,  .  '  ^*  business  manager, 

ssued  in  1876  by  permission  of  the  Chautauqua  E.ard 

Herald  •  "r"  "  °'  1''  ^''-'-'1-  Assembly  D   J 
M    Bailev  his    "^f        T'  °''-  ^'°°''  P^^^ased  from 

on  ente  ed  ^n  n"^''    '"  "'^  ^^^^"^'^  P^P^-"-  and  later 

on  entered  into  contract  with  the  Board  to  publish  both 

The  Assembly  Daily  Herald  "  and  the  monthly  ma"  a 

tunate""  "I'J"'  ^"-'-q-"''   The  Assem^rvras" 
fo  tunate  m  this  arrangement,  because  of  the  remark 

Ur.  Flood;  who,  in  turn,  was  also  fortunate  in  finrlinJ 
an  institution  that  demanded  an  organ,  an^  a  re  d    f 

Assembly  Daily  Herald"  a^s  ^:1;.,J^^^'^^ 


206 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


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Meeting,  and  "  The  Chautauquan  "  (published  at  Mead- 
ville,  Penn.)  as  the  organ  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  have  been 
of  great  advantage  to  the  Chautauqua  cause.  The 
magazine  has  reached  a  circulation  of  nearly  fifty  thou- 
sand copies  monthly. 

Serious  difficulties  were  early  encountered  in  supply- 
ing books  to  the  members  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  The 
demand  for  the  required  works  was  so  great  as  to 
embarrass  the  various  publishers  from  whose  lists  the 
selections  had  been  made.  They  were  not  willing  to 
issue  large  editions,  lest  the  unprecedented  and  to  them 
inexplicable  demand  should  suddenly  cease,  and  they 
be  left  with  unmarketable  stock  on  hand.  Many  per- 
sons joining  the  circle,  and  unable  to  procure  the 
books,  dropped  the  whole  enterprise  with  thoughtless 
and  unfair  denunciation  of  the  management.  It  became 
necessary  therefore  to  control  the  publication  of  books 
in  the  interest  of  the  Assembly  and  of  its  constituency ; 
and  after  careful  deliberation  "  The  Chautauqua  Press  " 
was  established  with  these  objects  :  To  supervise  all 
publications  containing  required  readings,  or  for  which 
Chautauqua  is  in  any  way  responsible  in  any  of  its 
departments  ;  and  to  make  sure  that  the  books  selected 
by  the  Counsellors  are  published  at  low  rates,  and  in 
sufficient  quantities  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  circle. 

The  Chautauqua  Young  Folks'  Reading  Union  has 
for  its  organ  "The  Chautauqua  Young  Folks'  Journal," 
a  department  of  the  "  Wide  Awake,"  published  by  D. 
Lothrop  &  Co.  in  Boston.  The  books  and  apparatus 
employed  by  the  "  Chautauqua  Society  of  Fine  Arts"  are 
supplied  by  Cassell  &  Co.,  London  and  New  York.  The 
required  books  of  the  "  Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scien- 


3 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  207 

tific  Circle  "  are  selected  from  various  publishers,  and 
issued  under  the  auspices  of  the  "Chautauqua  Press 
C.  L.  S.  C.  Department,  New  York."  Other  books,  and 
the  various  circulars  and  communications  to  members 
of  the  circle  (including  the  "Alma  Mater"),  are  printed 
by  the  Chautauqua  Press,  Boston.  About  one-half  of 
the  required  reading  is  published  in  "The  Chautauquan  " 
which  is  the  official  organ  of  the  C.  L.  S  C  "The 
Chautauqua  Assembly  Daily  Herald"  is,  as  already 
stated,  the  organ  of  the  Summer  Meetings 

For  several  years  the  Children's  Department  at 
Chautauqua  was  supplied  during  the  season  with  a 
morning  lesson  paper,  produced  by  the  papyrograph 
process,  and  edited  by  Rev.  B.  T.  Vincent.  For  two 
years  past  Dr.  Flood  has  published  a  neat  and  at- 
tractive children's  daily  during  the  Assembly. 

"The  Director  of  the  Chautauqua  Press  "  is  an  officer 
of  the  University,  who  has  general  supervision  of  its 
work,  promoting  unity,  co-operation,  and  improvement 
It  IS  a  part  of  his  duty  to  study  pedagogical  literature 
and  apparatus,  and  to  aid  the  Faculty  and  Counsellors 
as  they  may  require  in  the  selection  and  production 
of  the  hteratufe  required  by  the  various  departments  of 
the  University. 


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208 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


m 


CHAPTER  XI. 

"  Get  your  enemies  to  read  your  works,  in  order  to  mend  themP  —  Pope. 

ADVERSE  criticism  is  far  better  than  invariable  and 
unqualified  commendation.  It  is  likely  to  rest  on 
truth — at  least,  on  a  part  of  the  truth  —  somewhere ;  and 
it  sets  a  sensible  man  in  quest  of  that  truth.  The  wise 
man  welcomes  the  strictures  of  friends  and  foes.  If 
cavils  do  no  more  than  indicate  possible  evils,  he  is  glad 
to  be  forewarned.  Prudence  finds  help  in  every  hint, 
and  gets  some  good  out  of  the  most  ungracious  growl. 
Praise  may  paralyze  effort,  while  the  goad  of  the  critic 
is  likely  to  stimulate  both  ingenuity  and  resolution. 

Chautauqua  has  been  criticised.  Good  things  have 
been  written  concerning  it,  —  words  full  of  praise,  — 
extravagant  praise.  And  other  things  have  been  said, 
—  strongly  said,  —  into  which  no  word  of  commenda- 
tion has  slipped.  Chautauqua  has  been  too  much  glori- 
fied by  some,  and  by  some  "  damned  with  faint  praise  ; " 
while  by  others  it  has  been  ridiculed  on  its  weak  side, 
and  denounced  with  a  degree  of  ferociousness  on  its 
strong  side,  until  those  of  us  who  know  and  love  Chau- 
tauqua are  almost  indifferent  to  words  of  praise  or  blame. 
Almost,  I  say,  not  wholly ;  for  from  friendly  and  from 
unfriendly  criticism  we  may  still  gain  much  wisdom  in 


'M(fw."  — Pope. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  209 

developing  the  Chautauqua  that  is  to  be.     We  are  still 
simply  learners,  and  are  eager  to  know 

It  IS  not  surprising  that  eminent  scholars  and  repre- 
sentative  educators  should  look  with  jealous  eye  on  any 

reform  m  educational  methods.  It  is  a  part  of  their 
professional  function  to  watch  with  care  and  coLct 

lousness  the  theories  and  systems  which  aim  to  mo^f^ 
exi  ting  institutions  and  methods.  The  leaders  of 
Chautauqua  are  not  afraid  of  the  closest  scrutiny  by 

hese  great  educators ;  for  if  we  cannot  re-assure  them 

a  1  elilit""'  ""'■'''  '''"'  ''  °"^  P'^-'  --  -certainly 
shal  elicit  suggestion  and  advice,  and  thus  out  of  their 
wisdom  there  shall  come  to  us  -  wisdom 

The  charge  of  "superficiality-  is  the  one  most 
am,,,ar.  and  the  one  which  is  always  named  first  when 

tl?-"T^  "^""""^'  ^-^hool"  and  the  Chautauqua 
home  "reading  courses"  are  mentioned.  Then  the 
scholars  ask  you  if  you  "teach  your  French  perfectly 

miler''  Tr".''"?"'"  ^"^^  "'"'S^'  ''e  exact 
wTh  r\.  lu^  "'  "'"'  "  ''""^"SS  "  are  not  all  dead. 
With  kmtted  brow  and  wise  look  they  quote  from  Pope  • 

"A  little  learning  is  a  dangerous  tiling  1 
Dniilc  deep,  or  taste  not  the  Pierian  spring." 

In  reference  to  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  they  have  somethin.. 
0  say  about  "the  danger  of  superficiality  in  theattemp"^ 

tj:Z  T^'^f  ",  "f  • "  0'  '^y'-S  to'give  "a  simple 
taste  of  a  hundred  alluring  forms  of  knowledge ■  "of 

thing™'     °"''  "'    ""^'^  ^°"^^P"°"    °'    -    'h'ou'sand 

In  defending  the  Chautauqua  movement  against  these 


11f 


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210 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


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complaints  of  the  "  scholars,"  the  "  college  men,"  and  the 
newspaper-editors,  I  do  not  turn  for  justification  to  the 
"  Concord  School  of  Philosophy,"  nor  to  the  "  Summer 
School  in  Chemistry"  held  during  July  and  August  in 
the  Harvard  laboratory ;  nor  do  I  cite  the  average  daily 
or  weekly  paper  with  its  "simple  taste  of  a  hundred 
alluring  forms  of  knowledge,"  leaving  in  the  minds  of 
most  who  read  them  "a  misty  conception  of  a  thousand 
things."  That  scholars,  colleges,  and  editors  do  the 
very  things  Chautauqua  is  doing,  will  not  justify  Chau- 
tauqua if  the  things  we  all  do  are  unwise  and  injurious. 
I  prefer  to  concede  at  once  the  point  at  issue,  and 
confess  to  the  charge  of  "  superficiality  "  in  the  work 
we  attempt.  There  is  danger — ^;r«/ danger  —  of  su- 
perficiality. And  Chautauqua  may  not  be  alone  in  the 
condemnation. 

The  sources  of  knowledge  are  limited,  —  on  some 
subjects  very  much  so.  At  his  best,  the  student  can 
get  only  surface-knowledge.  What,  for  example,  does 
the  most  learned  astronomer  know  about  the  sun  > 

The  student's  capacity  and  power  are  limited.  He 
may  lack  taste  and  aptitude  for  cerli:.  •♦^ments. 

He  may  be  purblind.     He  may  be  unabif  nertain 

hypotheses,  or  make  generalizations.     A  i        -asylum 
has  no  need  of  an  astronomical  observatory. 

The  student's  time  may  be  restricted.  Time  is  an 
important  factor  in  mental  operations.  If  this  be  already 
occupied,  the  new  appointments  cannot  receive  attention. 

Peculiar  mental  tastes  and  habits  may  promote  super- 
ficiality. Versatility  may  foster  fickleness.  A  mind 
generously  endowed  may  covet  sweets  from  many  and 
diverse  flowers.     Ambition  may  tempt  one  to  seek  too 


ill 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  211 

wide  a  range,  and  the  pleasures  of  persistent  study  may 
be  sacrificed.  Facility  in  acquisition  may  discourage 
concentration  and  perseverance. 

We   live,  moreover,  in  an  age   of  "action."    A  pre- 
mmm  is  put  upon  "executive  force,"  "business,"  and 
success.       Men  want  some  knowledge,  -  as  much  as 
they  can  get,  as  wide  a  range  as  possible,  -  but  not  so 
as  to  keep  them  back  in  its  attainment  from  early  readi- 
ness  for  the  sphere  of  life  they  have  selected.     Boys 
and  girls  are  crowded  and  hurried  through  the  schools 
to  secure  an  "early  start  for  themselves,"  to  "get  es- 
tablished  in   life,"   and   to  "make   a   fortune."      The 
same  eager  haste  is  apparent  among  the  lowest  grades 
ot  pupils.     Poverty  at  home  claims  the  early  services  of 
young  muscles.     To  read  a  little,  write  a  little,  cipher 
a  little,  —  that   is  enough  ;  and  poorly  enough  do  the 
youngsters  fare  in  their  rapid  drive,  often  under  the 
teacher  s  lash  and  frown,  through  the  meagre  course 
of  the  primary  and  lower  grammar  grades.    Then,  above 
the  primary  and  grammar  schools,  are  the  higher  grades 
with  college  and  university  beyond.     A  small  number 
of  pupils  pass  into  the  high  school ;  a  surprisingly  small 
number,  into  the  greater  institutions. 

The  educators  of  a  past  age  in  family,  day-school, 
and  pulpit,  have  done  too  little  to  correct  the  shallow 
doctrines  concerning  college  education.  We  find 
melancholy  result  in  the  neglect  of  these  institutions, 
ihere  has  been  superficiality  outside  of  Chautauqua. 
±5ut  let  us  consider  this  charge  of  "superficiality." 
What  does  it  mean  as  applied  to  our  work,  — to  the 
summer  work,  for  example  >  Simply  this  :  The  time  of 
the  annual  sessions  of  the  summer  school  is  so  short 


■^.■y^ 


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212 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


—  three  weeks,  six  weeks  at  most,  —  that  it  is  impos- 
sible to  give  any  large  amount  of  instruction,  to  go  into 
any  thing  like  a  deep  and  thorough  investigation  of  any 
subject,  to  drill  to  any  perceptible  degree  of  perfection 
the  pupils  we  enroll.  What  can  one  do  toward  the 
mastery  of  any  science,  philosophy,  rhetoric,  elocution, 
geography,  psychology,  music,  or  how  can  one  become 
familiar  with  French  or  German  or  Latin,  in  six  weeks  ? 
The  proposal  is  absurd.  The  attem.pt  promotes  sciol- 
ism. It  violates  laws  of  intellectual  growth,  which 
demand  time  and  rest  as  conditions  of  success. 

It  is,  of  course,  well  known  that  the  summer  schools 
do  not  limit  to  three  or  six  weeks  the  educational  facili- 
ties of  the  whole  year.  It  is  not  to  save  time  or  money 
and  labor  by  substituting  a  few  weeks  schooling  for 
the  older  and  longer  processes  of  school  training.  The 
summer  schools  do  not  say  to  students :  "  Accept  our 
new  method,  and  save  time.  Work  in  the  field  or  shop 
forty-six  weeks  in  the  year,  and  pack  six  weeks  full 
of  intellectual  effort."  This  is  not  the  idea  of  the 
summer  school,  as  all  who  know  any  thing  about  the 
summer  meetings  very  well  understand. 

We  do  say :  Make  a  break  in  the  routine  of  school 
and  home  duties.  Change  air,  diet,  scenery,  associa- 
tions. Come  into  new  fellowships.  Meet  living  expo- 
nents of  great  educational,  scientific,  and  linguistic  ideas. 
Come  into  conditions  of  soul-quickening.  Watch  liv- 
ing methods  which  are  the  outgrowths  of  living  prin- 
ciples, held  and  illustrated  by  living  teachers.  Bring 
your  old  knowledges  with  you.  Bring  your  life-long 
experiences  with  you.  Bring  your  professional  hinder- 
ances   and  vexations  with   you.     Bring  with   you  the 


utine  of  school 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  21X 

friendly  heart  that  wins  friends.    Bring  with  you  the  nur 

"cations  re""u,^:3"  y::"''""^ ^'  '"^P'^^""-'  - 
age  through  Te  yea^      Yo!     "      "^  '  '""^  P^^™" 

and  into  deep  valleys  and  tlr    T  °''""  ^'^^  P'^"'"'- 
uccp  valleys,  and  through  surg  ng  water's     Th» 

way  .s  dark  sometimes,  and  very  much  hetod  in    r 
now  a  little  while  to  a  mountain-top  whe're    h,  S"l! 

uL       Come      H   "     u  *""""'  =°"'''-  -d  "-t  kingly 

■;:':HeSrtr;:-^^^^^^^^ 

years,  and  the  possible  mistakes  of  the  next  ^en  and 

So'nr;:;  ^-^  ^^^^^  r  °^^^  ^^^  hii,sih::'::e: 

,       oeyona  you.     Come  where  leaders  a<j<;prr,Ki«     u 
have  thought  down  and  thought  up  and  L^h^LS 
the  moun tarns  and  difficulties  that  shut  youln.      """' 
Al  th,s,  which  the  forty-six  weeks  of  the  year  do  not 
supply,  we  may  find  in  six -or  less.     Experience  0 

'ZZT%rt  '"'  ="''^"  movements  fraih 
witn  power.     The  shortness  of  the  time  is  nnf  an 

ment  against  the  depth  and  stability  ^th    wo  k      afw 

long  does  ,t  require  to  awaken  a  mind  to  a  worthy  ^Z 

One  book  will  do  it.     One  letter  will  do  it.     TheVou^h 

t      Howt  '"^^'^^--g  °f  -  eye  will  some d^et 

on"-  poweTand^i      V  r'''"'"  '"  ^""""°"  f^'">  - 
one  s  power  and  m  a  plan  for  its  development  >    How 

ong  doe,  ,t  require  to  kindle  enthusiasm  ?"  A  b  ography 

ehfe  experience,  a  personal  appeal,  may  kindle  at"^! 

by  burnmg  words  that   nothing  can  ever  extine-uir 

asreZM:rf^T'^^'°p"'' ^-'^  e:L;TeTe";t 

ct  isusceptibie  hfe.?     How  npo-  r]f.p^  u  ..-,     . 

j^ng  Joes  it  Lake  to  announce 


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214 


TIfE  CHAUTAUQiTA  MOVEMENT. 


one  radical  principle  out  of  which  methods  start  as 
water-courses  on  the  plain  from  a  stream  let  loose  on 
the  mountain  ?  How  long  does  it  take  to  give  a  sys- 
tematic outline  of  work,  in  the  presence  of  which  all 
details  acquire  a  relation  and  a  real  value,  and  by  which 
all  details  come  into  order  for  service  ?  How  long  docs 
it  require  to  give  practical  ideas  of  a  method  by  which 
the  tact  and  individuality  of  a  teacher  are  made  to  sug- 
gest a  variety  of  methods  determinable  by  the  individ- 
uality of  the  person  receiving  the  suggestion?  How 
long  does  it  take  to  sow  a  handful  of  seed,  to  hoist  a 
sail,  to  cross  a  Rubicon,  to  drop  a  vote,  to  watch  with 
scientific  eye  the  boiling  of  a  kettle  or  the  fall  of  an 
apple,  to  take  an  oath  of  office,  to  make  a  pledge  of 
love  ?  Life  is  full  of  pivotal  opportunities,  in  the  midst 
of  which  one  may  by  a  moment's  act  determine  the 
character  and  influence  of  a  decade.  College  life  (the 
full  four  years,  with  all  their  advantages),  after  all,  only 
puts  its  candidates  into  direct  contact  with  the  living 
teachers  about  three  hours  a  day,  and  for  only  thirty- 
seven  weeks  of  the  year. 

The  power  of  the  summer  school  is  not  in  the  knowl- 
edge communicated.  No  one  pretends  that  it  is.  The 
power  is  primarily  in  the  creation  and  control  of  rare 
opportunity  for  intellectual  quickening ;  for  moral  and 
spiritual  culture ;  for  the  grasp  of  radical  principles ; 
for  the  influence  of  great  souls,  —  specialists  in  educa- 
tional philosophy  and  life,  who  have  won  power  and 
position  and  renown,  who  have  knowledge  and  intensity 
and  tact  by  which  they  easily  kindle  in  others  a  covet- 
ing of  knowledge  and  of  the  power  to  cause  others  to 
covet  and  secure  it.     Such  souls  are  rarer  than  great 


The  atAUTAUQUA  MoyEUBNT.        ai5 

saints      They  are  like  the  loftiest  summits  of  the  ^reat 
mountain  ranges  seen  from  afar  and  crowned  with  gW 
These  men  make  opportunity,  and  put  into  small  mels' 
ures  of  time  possibilities  of  power.     The  results  Tf  an 
.mportant  legal  case  are  not  to  be  estimated  by   he  Ume 

'!"■  T  'T'"'^^-''""-  •>«  by  the  person'a    power 
and  official  position  of  the  men  who  manage  it 
Happy  the  educational  institution  that  is  able  to  com 

The  summer  school  turns  summer  resorts  into  splen 
d.d  academies,  rivalling  the   best   of    Athens   in   her 
brightest  days.     I  have  seen  native  forests  whi  h  had 
been  transformed  into  royal  parks  about  palaces.     Trees 
from  many  climes  are  transplanted  -  rare  and  gra  efu, 
The  Chautauqua  summer-school  is  a  royal  grove      Here 
are  planted  goodly  trees,  oak  and  palm'lnlcedar  o"ve 
elm,  and  sequoia.    Hither  let  students  come  to  si   undT; 
their  shadows,  catch  the  dewdrops  that  fall  from  them 
liear  the  birds  sing  in  their  branches,  look  up  at  theT^ 
quivering  leaves  and  beyond  to  the  blue  skv   all  ,t' 
more  beautiful  because  of  the  movements  -hll'f  rev   T 
mg,  lialf  concealing -of  the  swaying  foliage 

Perf"ormeH  '''  'f'  ""'  "'  ''^^^  ^''''  ■»-'■>  ">-y  be 
performed  in  a  short  time.     It  is  „o  reflection  upon  a 

teacher  or  a  preacher,  that  his  individuality-the  m7ir 
.est  force  in  him -may  soon  be  discovered,  and  fr,v 
and  easily  communicated  ^ 

conTidcrcf  thrh'"'  "f  °''  °'  *^  ^""■"^^  ^-^hool  are 
t™hegrot;nd'"''^°'^"P^'-«^'^%"  speedily  falls 

And  when  the  field,  which  w^  o^  ^»^-  --r-  -       -     i 

—  ••'-  ^*  '•**'-  summer  scilOols 


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THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


are  set  to  cultivate,  is  surveyed,  the  prevalence  of  super- 
ficiality in  other  departments  of  education  calls  for 
words  of  warning  and  reproof  and  direction.  And  we, 
too,  may  cry  out  to  our  accusers,  "Beware  of  'super- 
ficiality'—  for  the  correction  of  which  we  are  set 
apart." 

Superficiality  is  a  fault  manifest  in  primary  education 
at  hcfme  and  in  schools.  It  is  discoverable  in  the  the- 
ories which  limit  education  to  the  school  term  of  life ; 
in  the  rapid  and  careless  preparation  of  boys  and  girls 
for  college ;  in  the  lack  of  rigid  examination ;  in  the 
imperfect  training  of  college  life ;  and  is  manifest  in 
multitudes  of  college  graduates  who  are  unable  to  read 
Greek  and  Latin  at  sight,  unable  to  speak  and  write 
English  accurately,  unable  to  think  closely  and  logically. 

There  is  superficiality  in  the  educational  processes 
which  so  generally  make  intellectual  training  —  the 
training  of  memory,  perception,  reason  —  the  essential 
thing  of  the  school  life,  instead  of  going  doivn  to  the 
more  important  elements  of  culture,  —  conscience,  will, 
faith,  love.  These  processes  overlook  the  true  aims  of 
life,  which  touch  the  divine  capacities  within  us,  and 
train  the  soul  after  the  divine  ideals  above  us.  Against 
all  this  the  Chautauqua  Summer  School  enters  solemn 
and  emphatic  protest. 

How  shallow  is  the  average  citizen's  estimate  oT  the 
teacher's  office !  The  schoolmaster  is  only  "  a  child's 
man,"  a  sort  of  "nurse,"  a  dealer  in  rudiments,  a  man 
of  mete  routine,  an  ordinary  man  who  cannot  be  any 
thing  else,  and  therefore  is  —  teacher ;  who  need  not  be 
much  of  a  scholar,  if  only  he  keep  ahead  of  his  pupils; 
who  himself  expects  to  be  something  else  better  and 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  2,7 

higher  up  a  little  later  on  _,  I, 
physician,  or  a  preachen     A^Tinst  r""'  -'""'''  °'  "" 

;o^.o„  oane  tutorial  prri:^ci;;:a":--r;: 

education  to  the  few  v..       /  ^'°"  ^^^^  ^^n^nes 

Education  is  to't  rlS^sir C,"  t""'  "^^•" 
day  for  religion  shon  :,«.]  f        r  ^^"""^^  ^"^  Sun- 

coiiege  for  edue'afoT    Th  "vTorfof  "T  ^^'  ^^''""  ^^ 
to  place,  time,  and  a  set  oT  '""■'  '^  "°"«"<^'' 

have  hours,  tm  books    t/1  "''""'"'•     ^'  ™«^t 

tions.  pron,;tion  It  beL  nf 'T'  ""'^"°"''  ^^=""'"^- 
ends  when  school  ends  Iheretno""'  "'''"'■  '' 
hood.  Babes  do  not  go  to  schoo  "°  h  '""  '"  ^'""y 
tion   in   out-of-door  sports    or  In  '  "  "° '''"^^■ 

school  is  over     PeoX  vacations,   or  after 

|o  into  socie:  -anS: brLTbuTed'  ^"k  ^°^^-  ^^ 
Against  this  irrational  rerres   in  of  ^       °"  ''  °^^'"- 
universal  longing  after  J,,    T    r,       ^^  "^'"^1  and 
The  summfrs^chool  thus  .      ^  ^''^"'^"^"a  protests, 
will  help   to  co,Tecr  the  f  ""''  "''»  '^^"^<^-  and 

we  exaltVinc^  es  aLve  meT"'.'"'''''^  °'  "'^  ^g«-  ^^ 
philosophy  of   education*  Ti'^P'''''^^  "^^  t™e 
the  economy  of  force  in  eul''  T"  °'''^  ""^  '^^^  "f 
intc  quickening  conTac   w  thT''    ""'  '"'"^  '''"^^"'^ 
power,  intellecfual  and  sXLar"^  '''*'"'  ='""  ^^^" 
"-  keeping  of  mere  fc^rSe   T '"^f"'"^  '"" 
"'"ch  if  it  be  the  end  and   he  all      ^"""''^f^e  is  not 
that  comes  by  hard  effort    !„!>!•    J^"°"l«dge  is  best 
effort,  and  no"^  be  aus!  o  'the  k    ''  ^T  '^^^"^^  "'  '^e 
has  a  right  motivet  eon-    '         "'^^'-    ^'^°^'  '"at 


With  it  is  best:  and 


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THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


is  best,  not  because  of  the  effort,  but  because  of  the 
motive.  Knowledge  that  comes  hard  and  aims  high,  — 
this  is  valuable  knowledge. 

The  teacher  is  not  the  giver  of  knowledge.  He  is 
not  the  full  reservoir  from  which  the  pupils  are  to  draw 
supplies  of  fact  and  theory  at  will.  He  is  the  awakener 
and  quickener  of  the  knowledge-getting  faculties  in  his 
pupils.  He  is  the  artesian-well  driver,  connecting  the 
power  of  the  pupil  with  the  resources  of  the  world 
beneath  and  above ;  not  giving  and  getting,  but  drilling 
and  getting;  they,  because  of  the  drilling,  getting. 
He  does  not  accumulate  that  they  may  accumulate: 
he  sets  th^m  at  work  accumulating  from  every  source 

but  himself. 

The  summer  school,  by  circulating  widely  the  latest 
educational  theories,  shows  that  study  may  be  made  a 
delight,  not  by  being  turned  into  a  "game  "  or  "play," 
not  by  a  sugar-coating  of  "fun,"  not  by  incentives  of 
prize  and  reward;  but  by  an  adjustment  of  it  to  real 
or  imagined  conditions  of  actual  life  in  which  the  ima- 
gination is  kindled,  personal  aptitudes  employed  ;  the 
pleasure  of  observation,  travel,  conversation,  business, 
utilized ;  and  school  life  associated  with  every-day  life 
in  its  varied  manifestations.  The  task  assigned  be- 
comes the  duty  voluntarily  and  heroically  discharged. 

In  primary  education  the  scientific  methods  may  be 
employed.  And  this  once  done,  a  dangerous  superfi- 
ciality ceases.  The  world  of  fact  lies  all  around  the 
little  learners.  You  may  train  children  to  pick  up 
things,  and  study  them,  and  find  out  other  things  about 
them  ;  to  watch  and  report  incorrect  expressions ;  to 
soell  ordinary  and  unusual  words ;  to  study  local  geog- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOyEMENT.  ^ig 

raphy ;  to  learn  what  a  given  science  U  k 
sortmg  and  explaining  iLs  be  o "g   !  ^  f  'T'  ^"' 
train  them  to  keep  ev<.«    fi„        *>'"s /°  "•     You  may 
about  flowers,  treesMone,     *'?'■''  '"''  "'""Shts  busy 

the  results  of 'their "b  rtli  ^  .To'?!^  '  '°  ""'^  ""' 
ments,  distances,  values  In  1  '  •  ™^'^  ""^^^^e- 
'ife;  to  go  back  from  Lt3  ofTda°"t  ""'  ^^^^^""^^ 
facts  in  the  past;  to  connect  tie  tol  "rr""'"^ 
which  they  sit  with  conti„»  ,  !  '^  schoolhouse  in 
sages  and'warri:  f  and  f  ^^f  "'  ^'"^'  "''" 

of  thought  from  events  of  teVettnr,  ""'  """ 
centuries  past,  from  <,tn„».  T  P^*^"' '°  actual  events  of 

from  basebal  to  the  An!b  ^        ?'''  ">  S'^'^'^' Periods, 

theboythatdarLto^onlTt"/  ^'"^'^  ''^"'"'  f™" 
to  the  heroism  of  the  anc  ent  t  °  ^^t"  ""'^  P'^^S™""''. 
alike  thing  in  a  more  nublV     "'""^™''^"  g-'eat  men  did 

.  The  vefy  con^ L^u'r wh^" Mht ^ t^^ '^"'^• 
m   the   summer  schools    at    rT   .  *  "  ''""" 

strength  solidity.  andtU  ,,,'tL7pTac::r"^^  " 
tions.     A  temnl^  ic  fi,         i.  .         P^^^  °^  mspira- 

-ns  of  .rarand\;Ut  „o  r  o? Shi  ^T''  ^  '^°'- 
"nder  foot;  frescoes  ofka^es  and  b  !'  v'"""^"" 
and   tinted  cloud,  overhead?  throutral  'ttf "  ^'^' 

Ser  r:  :r:"fvi-;f  -  r '-  "^ "-  -" 

The  Winds  hllL-^lran^tL' tX  Il^.^r ' 

-y  troptieiihf:r  'f  °^  ^-^  sis 

would -make  you  mtveifi'V"'   '■''^^'   ^^"^'^   "^^^ 
lesson    in  hiding  Z  '        '  '"'^'"'^-  ^'^'^^'  'hat  have 

A'  ove  vou   n^I     r."  '''"'^  ^""^  enjoyment. 

shine  a^drrob  1^  ^^TI^T^"^""""  '^'-^'  -- 

^  '^^  "^^  uurKness.     These  same 


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wm 


IJIII 


I 

liJlllilJ!, 

Ill 
W 


iiMiii 


lllfl 


220 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


stars  shoot  their  arrows  of  light  into  the  deep  lake 
below.  Waves  break  on  the  shore  in  sob  and  whisper. 
The  night  answers  to  the  day,  the  tree  to  the  zephyrs, 
the  lake  to  the  heavens.  Voices  of  children  in  merry 
sport,  voices  of  singers  in  vesper  and  jubilee,  voices  of 
stringed  instruments  and  organ,  —  all  these  greet  you 
and  offer  you  delight.  Delight  may  turn  into  memory, 
or  bloom  in  hope.  Hope  may  settle  into  resolve,  and 
resolve  into  action,  action  pass  into  history  and  into 
character.  So  the  summers  go  by,  and  all  the  seasons, 
and  the  end  finally  comes.  P  ay  the  end  be  the  blessed 
beginning  of  an  endless  blessedness  ! 

At  Cha,utauqua,  Nature  is  our  text-book.  Nature  our 
laboratory.  Nature  our  teacher.  We  study  Nature  in 
her  material  manifestations,  in  her  mental  and  moral 
manifestations.  We  study  man  in  Nature.  We  study 
God  in  Nature,  for  from  Nature  it  is  not  far  to  the 
Father.  All  thin^^s  visible  are  from  Him, — the  in- 
visible. The  forms  and  forces  about  us  speak  of  His 
presence  and  power  and  wisdom.  His  grace  is  only 
faintly  taught  in  the  physical  realm.  His  goodness  is 
shadowed  there,  but  cyclones  and  earthquakes  and 
lightning  do  not  seem  especial  ministrants  of  mercy. 
The  Book  supplements  Nature  with  added  lessons,  and 
partial  explanations  of  Divine  purposes ;  so  that  after 
a  cyclone,  earth  seems  less  substantial,  and  heaven 
worth  more,  and  "things  which  remain,"  and  which 
"  cannot  be  shaken,"  more  worthy  of  human  search. 

"  He  builds  too  low  who  builds  beneath  the  skies." 

I  conclude,  therefore,  that  the  aims,  methods,  and 
conditions  of  the  Chautauqua  Summer  School  save  it 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  221 

from  the  charge  of  harmful  superficiality,  and  render 
It  rather  a  promoter  of  symmetry  and  soundness  in  the 
work  of  true  culture. 

The  charge  of  superficiality  against  the  C.  L  S  C 
and  Its  prescribed  courses  is  substantially  answered'  by 
the  considerations   already  offered.     It  gives  general 
views  •  but  these  views  are  taken  by  mature  minds, 

and  profit  m  apprehending  the  relations  of  knowledge 
and  who,  discovering  by  that  general  survey  some 
department  of  thought  which  satisfies  their  tastes,  and 
for  which  they  have  natural  aptitude,  will  be  likely  to 
apply  themselves  to  that  particular  field  with  avidity. 

oow.r  a':":  "'■  ?',  ""■  ^-  ^-  ^-  '^  ''^  ---Veiling 
power.  A  distinguished  metaphysician  said  to  me  "I 
received  the  twist  that  made  me  a  philosopher,  in  one 
week,  and  that  from  two  lectures  to  which  I  listened  in 
Germany."  The  C.  L.  S.  C.  reading  gives  the  "twiot  " 
and  it  is  a  "twist  "that  lifts.  ' 

The  "diploma"  given  to  a  graduate  of  the  Circle 
after  four  years  of  reading,  contains  a  pyramid,  on  the 
steps   and  base  of  which  are  blank  spaces  f^r  seals 
There  are  thirty-one  of  these  spaces.     The  holder  of  a 
diploma,  having  by  four  years'  reading  taken  his  gen- 

mlb"7  t  '^'r'^^  "^  knowledge,  and  become  a 
member  of  the  "Society  of  the  Hall  in  the  Grove" 
applies  himself  to  special  studies.     Having  completed 

,n  .  t1    n  !'  ''^'■^<^^'^^^  ^  ^«al.     Four  seals  place  him 

.n     The  Order  of  the  White  Seal."     Three  more  seals 

give  him  a  membership  in  the  "League  of  the  Round 

able.       Seven   more   entitle  him   to  a  place  in  the 

Guild  of  the  Seven  Seals,"  with  degree  after  dJrZ 


m* 


m 


U     !'l 


ii    i  iliiiii 


!         i 


i 


Ml 
mi 


I 


i 


■  1!  i  ;! 


I        ' 


i'ffi! 


*  ii 


il 


IIHI 


732 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


to  be  achieved.  This  simple  desire  is  a  perpetual  in- 
centive to  diligence.  Is  it  slight  or  "  foolish  "  }  Then 
address  your  wisdom  to  the  great  universities,  who 
have  fai^h  in  promotions  and  sheepskins  and  seals  and 
titles,  and  never  think  of  abandoning  them. 

Thq)  .  f  been  objections  to  the  text-books  em- 
ployed L  ;  ur  Circle.  It  could  not  be  otherwise.  The 
aims  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  are  unique.  The  provision  of 
lesson-books  precisely  adapted  to  these  unique  aims  has 
been  one  of  the  everrpresent  problems.  If  our  readers 
were  children  in  the  schoolroom,  and  daily  recitations 
were  practicable,  it  would  be  easy  to  find  suitable  lesson- 
books  on  every  subject  in  the  curriculum.  If  these 
readers  were  chiefly  high-school  or  college  graduates 
desiring  advanced  courses  of  reading,  it  would  be  com- 
paratively easy  to  provide  standard  works  written  by 
specialists  for  specialists,  and  assuming  on  every  page 
a  large  measure  pf  knowledge  already  possessed  by  the 
reader.  If  it  were  the  aim  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  to  study 
one  subject  at  a  time,  and  that  for  a  long  time,  exhaus- 
tively, from  its  alphabet  to  its  ''last  word,"  it  would  not 
be  difRcu..  to  find  numerous  text-botks  on  that  subject 
adapted  to  every  variety  of  capacity  and  attainment. 

The  C.  L.  S.  C,  is  not,  however,  designed  for  school- 
children, nor  for  advanced  readers,  nor  for  specialists. 
■  It  has  enrolled  but  few  names  of  members  under  eigh- 
teen years  of  age.  Its  members  are  "out  of  school." 
It  rejoices  in  thousands  of  college  graduates ;  but  these 
take  up  its  readings  not  for  advanced  study  as  post- 
graduates, but  to  review  under  favorable  conditions  the 
scholastic  studies  of  former  years,  and  in  some  cases, 
perchance,  to  n^9.ke  an^ends  for  cafelpssness  and  super- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  223 

finality  during  those  years  of   unappreciated   oppor- 
Here  lies  the  chief  cause  of  our  embarrassment      It 
eeds  oTou^ne'T''^  '"""^  ^'^^^^'^  ^^^P'"      '  'h 

ove  of  hterature.     Books   too   much  abridged    ail  to 
afsfy.  more  mature  minds.     Old  boolcs  may  be  behind 
the  times  or,  although  acknowledged  to  be  standard, 

oTrraL::  '"'vt'''  ^'°^^  ^'^ '« •'^  ^-^  ^^"o 

hard  It  t  to  T  ^''°^'-  ""''y  one  knows  how 

hard  ,t  ,s  to  secure  them,  and  how  easily  a  flinnant 

in  t'her  Tot'Tf  *';  ^"""''^"^^  "f  the'u^ifi't   ted 

ne'bo^kirill^^r^^ttS^^^^^^^^ 
crmcsm-well,  who  knowcth  the  ways  of  critics  wUh 
the  new  books  ?    Did  not  Samuel  TayL  Co  e   dge  sat 

Walpole  can  Go,dsmitra;Sre:i  i^  "T  ^^^ 

eray  s      Vanity  Fair      rejected   because  the  critic   to 

« •"   A7aTt'™"1  r"°""^^''  ■'  "Without    nter! 
est    ?    As  a  distinguished  writer  has  said  :  "  Good  books 


224 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT, 


i! 


have  always  been  criticised  upon  some  points  adversely. 
Plato  freely  criticises  Homer.  Quintilian  criticises 
Cicero.  Cicero  criticises  Demosthenes.  Addison  crit- 
icises Milton.  And  in  each  instance  no  doubt  real 
faults  were  pointed  out.  The  most  enlightened  French 
critics  used  to  pooh-pooh  Shakspere.  They  did  like- 
wise with  Dante." 

Some  books  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  have  excited  unfavor- 
able criticism,  —  religious  books  by  those  who  do  not 
care  to  read  religious  books  at  all,  and  think  it  an  im- 
pertinence to  obtrude  them  upon  the  general  reader ; 
certain  scientific  books,  because  "  not  up  to  the  times," 
or  the  critic,  being  himself  a  scientific  specialist,  is  cer- 
tain that  the  views  of  our  specialist  are  "  unsound." 

A  recent  scholarly  criticism  of  a  series  of  C.  L.  S.  C. 
books  —  the  series  most  nearly  reaching  my  ideal  — 
appeared  in  one  of  the  foremost  quarterlies  of  the 
United  States.  And  because  it  so  well  states  the 
object  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  movement,  I  venture  to  repro- 
duce it  here :  — 

It  is  not  possible  to  praise  too  highly  Dr.  Wilkin- 
son's "After  School  Series,"  of  which  this  is  the 
fourth  and  concluding  volume.  It  is  a  series  remark- 
able for  comprehensiveness,  accurate  scholarship,  crit- 
ical acumen,  and  literary  skill.  It  is  the  work  of  a 
man  who  can  tolerate  no  slipshod  work,  who  never 
lets  any  thing  leave  his  hands  until  he  has  made  it  as 
good  as  he  knows  how  to  make  it.  It  is  not  often 
that  a  writer  with  so  sensitive  a  conscience,  and  so 
exceptional  qualifications  for  the  task,  undertakes  the 
labor  of  writing  a  popular  text-book. 

The  book  before  us,  with   its  three  companions. 


companions, 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.    '       225 

takes  the  reader  over  a  much  fuller  course  of  th. 
classical  authors  than  is  to  be  had  in  any  col  1°  ci^' 
r.culum.     Dr.  Wilkinson  would  be  the  last  fn     1 
that  the  reading  of  his  books  is  1:^^  ^ 
tute  for  a  thorough  classical  training      No  J. 

tnese  books  .  on  the  contrary,  the  taste  here  gained 
few  '?:?:;  *'^7"f  -"  ''-btless  stimulate'n      a 

•     ttresJSca'fonntin-^'r"^''""^-'     «"' 

nlr?  f«     u         ,  intelligent  persons,  youne:  and 

Sact  crb'r  mr'^f;"™  °^  ^^""  ^"^  ^-^  '^  ^^ 

pidcuicaDie.     Why  shou  d  thev  therpfnr^  k^    u  . 

t  s  t::Va"1  ''^"'^  ""^™-''  -  "-ose  litera?    e 
it  IS  true  that  translations,  even  the  best,  are  imoer 
feet    representations   of   an   original-    th/V     r 
aroma  is  lost,  the  delicate  bloom Ir  bbed  off'm"  hi 
process.     Homer  is  not  Homer  in  the  verses  of  PoL 

i      ttermtmlif  ''' '''^"''  "''''  ^^'^ 
iiceaom  irom  his  grammar  and  lexicon  to 

student  we  fear,  knows  his  classics  chiefly  thron^h 
ITTT  ~  '"°""  *°  "'^  -"-fed  as '  pS-  - 

h  s  tLt      r  ''■""'"''''  '^^'^-     T-'e  student  sp;nds 
his  time  in  learning  the  niceties  of  Greek  and  iTtln 

gramma,  rather  than  in  becoming  famiSr  wi  h  Greek 

and   Latin  literature.     The  careful  reader  of  the!. 

volumes,  therefore,  though  he  will  by  no  4ans  be  a 

das^cal  scholar,  will  be  almost  if  Jt  qui^e  equa'  in 

Suritolr  ^'  ''''-'"-  '°  "'^  ^ 


226 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


?i    r 


Will  saying  these  things  discourage  classical  learn- 
ing ?     Not  a  whit      But  we  hope  they  will  discourage 
the  excessive  teaching  of  philology,  and  encourage 
the  teaching  of  the  classics  as  literature,  in  our  col- 
leges.    As  things  have  been,  a   classical   education 
has  been  an  education  in  every  thing  but  the  classics. 
It   is  charged   against   this  movement  in  behalf  of 
popular  education,  that  by  it  we  shall  unfit  people  in 
the  humbler  walks  of  life  for  the  work  we  need  from 
them.     What  shall  we  do  for  servants.?     What  shall 
the  dear  girls  of  our  homes  do  for  subordmates  to  fol- 
low their  bidding }    And  hov/,  if  people  acquire  taste, 
and  begin  to  aspire  after  personal  refinement,  and  to 
respect  themselves,  shall  we  be  able  to  keep  them  in 
their  places  ?    What  unendurable  airs  they  will  put  on  ! 
And  how  we  shall  be  at  the  mercy  of  our  inferiors  ! 

So  let  it  be, — that  our  children  shall  be  compelled 
to  treat  other  people  with  respect ;  to  recollect  that 
servants  have  souls  and  rights;  that  people  who  do 
lowly  service  with  true  motive  are  worthy  of  honor  ; 
that  true  refinement  is  as  courteous  and  thoughtful 
when  servant-girls  are  concerned  as  when  one  meets 
a  favorite  of  fortune  or  a  princess  of  royal  blood. 

So  let  it  be,  —  that  our  spoiled  and  petted  girls  shall 
come  to  know  that  there  are  science  and  art  and  taste 
in  kitchen  ministries,  and  that  the  ignorant,  white- 
fingered,  indolent  little  simpleton  who  despises  honest 
labor  and  the  people  who  earn  their  living  by  honest 
labor  is  herself  beneath  a  servant-girl's  contempt. 

I  hope  that  we  shall  educate  the  people,  and  all  the 
people,  —  the  poorest  and  the  meanest  of  them,  --  until 
in  lordly  way,  worthy  of  royal  blood,  they  refuse  to  be 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  jj, 

trodden  upon  or  ordered  about  by  the  impertinent  and 
arrogant  pretenders  of  modern  society 

I  hope  that  we  shall  educate  the  people  until  the 
cultivated  poor  shall  have  more  power  than  the  ln„ 

..hts  as/a  eitii  tLi  t  be'^r  Lre^ra'n 
command  all  the  resources  of  the  nation  in  hbdef  nee 
and  protection;  until  the  gates  of  the  nation  shall  flv 
open  on  the  sides  of  the  east  and  of  the  west  to  wcl 
come  strangers  from  afar  •  imtM  ,1, 
eaqt  ihall  ^Z  1       :     ■        '  "^^  comers-in  at  the 

east  shall  not  dare  to  close  the  gates  against  the  comers- 
m  at  the  west;  until  parties  and  their  leaders  thaH  s. 
cnmmate  between  foreign  classes,  and  eater  to  ow  ra  e 
prejudices,  shall  be  punished  unto  purification  or  if 
necessary,  annihilated.  purmcation,  or,  ,f 

I  hope  that  we  shall  educate  the  people  until  a  soul's 

God  at  his  feet,  shall  count  for  more  in  the  thou-^ht 
of^his  heart  than  all  the  gold  and  all  the  glory  of  rhe 

I  hope  that  we  shall  train  people  to  understand  that 
manual  labor  ,s  a  degradation  when  brain-power  and 
aste  and  heart  are  all  saeriheed  at  the  shrinlof    oH 
and  bread  and  money. 

Looking  at  a  farm  from  which  by  years  of  toil  the 
tumps  have  been  dragged  out,  the  stones  picked  up 
and  put  into  substantial  wall-fences,  and  the  ground 
cultivated  until  it  yields  a  rich  harves  ,  I  ask  Who  dd 
a^  this  good  work ,  Whose  sweat  moistened  this  o  P 
Whose  hands  piled  up  these  fences  ?  Whose  feet  trod 
these  furrows  ?  Was  it  a  boor  or  a  scholar,  -  a  taZt 


t  fi 


.:li 


i  ill  I 


228 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


or  a  MAN  ?  If  muscle  without  brain,  and  mercenary 
motive  without  heart  or  sympathy,  did  it  all ;  if  it  were 
merely  for  bread  and  lodging  and  the  prolongation  of 
physical  life,  and  the  !aying-up  of  money  for  a  rainy 
day,  that  a  used-up  body  might  be  fed  and  warmed 
until  death  gave  it  to  the  dust,  —  then  I  see  no  charm, 
no  beauty  in  the  scene,  above  the  mere  products  of  util- 
itarian nature.  But  if  this  farm  were  cultivated  by  a 
man,  a  husband,  a  father,  a  saint,  a  thinker,  it  becomes 
a  new  bit  of  scenery  K)  me,  with  beauty  everywhere,  a 
most  delicate  tone  pervading  the  landscape.  I  all  at 
once  see  flowers  among  the  grass,  and  rainbows  in  the 
heaven.  I  hear  psalms  among  the  trees,  and  see  ladders 
let  down  from  heaven  resting  on  every  stone. 

It  is  the  mission  of  the  true  reformer,  the  true  patriot, 
the  true  Christian,  to  offer  Knowledge  and  Liberty  and 
Refinement,  Science,  Literature,  Art,  and  Religious  life, 
to  all  the  people  —  everywhere. 


I     ! 


'    *■■ 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


229 


CHAPTER  XII. 

"  No  perspective,  no  ambition^  —  Victor  Hugo. 

TTOWEVER    comprehensive  may  have    been    the 
A  1  origmal   conceptions  of    our   honored    president 
and  his  associates  when  they  began  the  summer  move- 
ment  m  the  groves  at  Chautauqua,  the  gradual  unfolding 
of  the  scheme  has  been  a  source  of  surprise  and  delight 
to  the  world  of  curious  and  interested  observers      And 
there  must  be  "more  to  follow."     As  lon,:^  as  people 
love  to  listen  to  music  and  lectures,  and  ^  as  long  as 
men  and  women  have  genius,  scholarship,  and  power 
to  please,  the  summer  meetings  at  Chautauqua  will  be 
patronized.     As  long  as  people  love  to  read  for  personal 
improvement,   the   Circles   which   provide   useful    and 
attractive  reading  will  enroll  members,  and  give  them 
direction.     Chautauqua  is  an  institution  for  to-morrow 

1  wenty-five  years  from  now,  the  old  trees  by  the  lake 
will  canopy  multitudes  of  loyal  hearts  assembled  at  the 
shrme  of  Alma  Mater.  Men  and  women  who  saw  the 
beginnings  in  1874,  and  who  passed  the  "  Golden  Gate  " 
in  1 882,  will  be  there.  Comparatively  young  then,  they 
will  by  that  time  be  numbered  among  the  old  And 
they  will  remember  the  rude  beginnings  of  the  move- 
.!.>.  naxrv.\r  ^uuitcrs,  nard  beds,  and  poor  fare. 


1   ',* 


.if 


PI 


'Hi! 


'-n- 


i     I 


iiH 


230 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


ill  >i 


Mm 


' 


ml 


III  I-  ' 
I 


i.'i  I  i,*;'! 


1 


)  ■ 


And  they  will  remember,  as  associated  with  those 
rough  and  rural  surroundings,  the  eloquence,  brilliancy, 
and  scholarship  of  the  first  programme.  New  names 
will  shine  on  the  lists  announced,  new  orators  and  new 
singers  hold  new  multitudes  by  the  spell  of  speech  and 
song ;  but  no  eloquence  will  excel  some  of  the  earliest 
performances  under  the  trees  of  the  Chautauqua  audi- 
torium. Shall  I  speak  of  Simpson,  Gough,  Bidwell, 
Baird,  —  and  others  whose  voices  still  sound  in  our 
memories } 

At  the  opening  meeting  of  each  Assembly,  on  the 
"first  Tuesday  evening  in  August,"  the  question  has 
always  been  asked,  "  Who  are  here  to-night  who  were 
present  at  the  first  meeting  in  1874.?"  Many  arise  at 
this  call.  Another  question  is  asked  :  "Who  have  been 
present  at  every  meeting  from  the  beginning .-' "  Those 
who  are  able  to  arise  in  response  to  this  question  are 
proud  of  their  record.  If  they  can  be  at  Chautauqua 
on  only  one  occasion,  it  inust  be  on  "the  first  evening." 

The  time  is  coming,  when  to  the  old  question,  "  Who 
are  here  to-night  who  were  present  in  1874.?"  there 
will  be  no  response,  —  a  hush,  a  sudden  turning  to  see 
if  no  one  is  there,  and  then  a  solemn  silence  as  the 
leader  on  that  evening  announces  :  "Not  one."  What 
year  will  that  be }  It  must  be  a  long  time  hence  ;  for 
there  were  children  in  that  auditorium  on  the  first  night 
in  1874,  who  were  but  six  years  old,  and  who  in  1944 
will  be  seventy-six,  and  one  or  more  of  them  may  be 
present  that  season.  Long  may  loving  representatives 
of  the  first  Chautauqua  linger  to  appear  at  the  annual 
openings,  to  rejoice  in  the  progress  made,  and  to  be 
living  links  between  these  widely  separated  dates ! 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  231 

W.11  stil,  be  standing.  -  different  anf  yT  iden  LT" 

eap.ng  mto  white-crested  waves,  b?;akin  "r^?  th'e 
shore  m  wh.sper  or  shout,  reflecting  the  blue  heaven 
by  day  and  the  stars  by  night,  bearing  on  its  bo'o  " 
great  boats  whose  keels  yet  grow  in  fore.t.  ! 

unsmelted  ore  in  the  heit  ofThe  etth  Zl  '" 
unborn  will  stand  at  the  wheel  pace  ^\  ^  "°^ 
the  enrinp  fi,.  1  ,  •  '  ^  "^  ^^'^^>  manage 
uic  engine,  —  the  electric  engine nf  that-  j,        »t 

t'heTt"  1  T"'  ^°"'^"'  -^  childr  nti  ,1 J  •: 
he  health  and  gladness  that  sweep  on  the  air  o£  Chau 
tauqua;  and  as  they  listen  to  the  "old  rv,  . 
chimes"  that  date  from  the  season  of  I  "i^^TT^ 
the  kind  old  face  of  the  "SethThols\l^,':f  J^ 
the  hour,  will  land  at  the  great  dock  with  its  crowded 
balconies  of  watching  Chautauquans,  and  linger  fori 
day  or  longer  to  study  the  institution  which  fega„  so 
ong  ago,  and  whicTi  has  never  ceased  to  grow  in  wealth 

d Lr:"'  ^"™«™--  -^  Programme,\nd  loyll  y  of 
devoton  on  the  part  of  those  who  are  proud  to  can 
Chautauqua  "Alma  Mater." 

What  will  be  the  attractions  of  A  D   iq.,^  ,t  ry. 
tauaua   wVin  ti,«  „•  ,  '    y44i  at  Chau- 

auqua.  who  the  singers,  and  who  the  orators  of  that 

thrc'ra^rtLtall':i."L    ^"^^  ^^  ^^^ 
ample  pluuorm,  under  the  dome  of  the  new  amphithea- 


111  i  I 


•  m 


I  -^1 


i  t4ft'A 


-■11 


): 


h    i 


t 


'if'' 


iiiiii 


iiiiiiii 


i      M, 


II  ', 


I     ■ 


f      i 


232 


TI/E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


tre  with  its  seating  capacity  and  acoustic  possibility  for 
twenty  thousand  people  ?  Who  shall  preside  at  the 
huge  organ,  —  the  Chautauqua  organ  that  will  outrival 
the  historic  instrument  in  Music  Hall,  Boston  ?  Who 
shall  wield  the  baton  that  shall  direct  five  thousand 
voices  in  music  such  as  Sydenham  Palace  never  heard  ? 
Who,  as  superintendent  of  grounds,  shall  travel  about, 
now  in  his  coitp^y  now  on  the  electric-belt  railway  that 
is  to  bring  into  close  neighborship  the  remotest  parts 
of  this  university  town  by  the  lakeside  ? 

To  these  questions,  the  future  makes  no  reply.  The 
blood  that  is  to  throb  in  the  veins  of  these  men  of  1944 
is  even  now  burning  with  Chautauqua  enthusiasm  some- 
where, —  perhaps  in  homes  where  the  Chautauqua  in- 
spiration has  come  like  a  gift  from  heaven,  but  where 
there  is  little  thought  of  that  possible  future.  So  that 
the  spririt  of  Divine  Wisdom  guide,  and  the  spirit  of 
Divine  Love  possess,  we  care  little  about  the  pei'sonnel 
or  antecedents  of  the  men  and  women  of  the  Chautau- 
qua that  is  to  be  ! 

What  of  the  Chautauqua  buildings  of  that  coming 
time  ?  what  of  the  groves  and  parks  and  pathways  ? 
what  of  the  places  of  concourse,  and  the  schools,  and 
the  cottages?  what  of  the  courses  of  study,  and  the 
sessions,  the  teachers,  the  laboratories,  and  the  mu- 
seum  ? 

Chautauqua  began  with  a  two-weeks'  session.  Now, 
twelve  years  later,  "Teachers'  Retreat,"  "Schools  of 
Language,"  "Assembly,"  "Preliminary  Week,"  and 
"  After-Week  "  fill  up  two  full  months  of  the  summer. 
We  are  urged  to  linger  still  later,  and  among  the  scarlet 
and  gold  and  crimson  leaves  hold  an  "  Autumnal  Meet- 


ing, 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  233 

for  Jt;Z:l  It^  "^^  \  the  o„„.easo„ 

for  a  mid-winter  a°s  vve     i,  '     '  '"''  ^"""S'"? 

the  "Farmers'  InsLuff.-r  ""'"■"""'  •''=^^'°"'   ^"^ 

•  winter  evenings.  ^         through  the  long 

What  marvels  will  be  achieved  hv  fKof  ^• 
plppfnV.-f,,    •  't^iiievea  Dy  that  time,  throiio-h 

has  not  reached  the  third  hou'r  oi  f^y^f^'  ""'^'^ 

and  in  every  department  of  dse  J    vtnd        ""'"^ ' 
For  these  will  yield  rrreater  r«  ^^  ,  ^  •  '"^^"t'on  ! 

half-eentury  thrduHn.    he  las       wT'  '"'  '^""'"^ 

tauqua  Lake?     AnH  wni   o  i,  ^  ^        °^  ^'^^^^- 

the'new  instrumt^rll^  eTpr'^f ' t^Tf '  "^ 
its  daily  announcements  '  ^  "^         ^  "'^  ^"^^  *'"> 

Mu!!ctThe';"  '"  "'  "^P^--'™^"'  of  entertainment  - 

b^.  ars   o'^st^r"?  ''^  'T^'  ^"''  -  'he  lake.fr:^" 

.    "cirs   or    steel,    from   chords   of    ^oH^n    i,. 

moyed  mto  melody  by  the  touch  of    he  el  ctric  fire'; 
I->ghts  appearing  and  disappearin..  as  bv  m W    S 
gmg  place  and  color;  now  on  the  hJ^  ^    '  "''"■ 

en's   filling  n       1  'a'^e,  now  in  the  heav- 

vv"ter     "-V      "    r  "'""  """'  ''^^"'y  •'     Pountnins  of 
«ater,  c.un.on  and  gold  and  blue,  rising  in  unlooked-for 


nil 


ii 


. '  if 

..Mil 


I 


*  .  'J 


ltd  m 

i. 


234 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MO^'EMENT. 


i'i 


III   I 


1        1 


'ill     l''"! 
i      .J 


places,  at  unexpected  times  ;  now  shooting  up  from  the 
bosom  of  the  lalce,  now  dropping  as  out  of  the  heavens  ! 

A  museum,  substantially  built,  will  furnish  miles  of 
treasure  and  surprise  to  students  in  every  line.  Teach- 
ers will  find  models  of  schoolrooms  from  all  countries 
on  the  globe,  and  apparatus  of  every  variety.  Geolo- 
gist, botanist,  zoologist,  antiquarian,  will  resort  to  the 
Chautauqua  museums  for  treasures  provided  nowhere 
else.  In  picture-galleries  the  history  of  art  will  be 
illustrated,  and  by  the  power  of  the  copyist  the  master- 
pieces will  be  accessible  to  the  humblest  student. 
Aquariaj  dens,  and  cages  will  give  to  the  student  of 
natural  history  perpetual  delight. 

I  am  not  a  prophet,  nor  do  I  claim  to  be  a  seer ; 
but  in  my  dreams  I  catch  glimpses  of  the  Chautauqua 
University  of  the  future.  And  if,  elated  bv  the  suc- 
cesses of  the  past,  my  dreams  are  naught  but  dreams, 
generous  Chautauquans  who  read  these  pages  will 
attribute  to  sanguine  temperament  and  Chautauqua 
enthusiasm  what  their  more  sober  judgment  pronounces 
chimerical  and  impossible. 

I  see  among  the  trees  of  our  groves  stately  halls, 
grand  museums,  lofty  observatory,  and  delightful 
homes. 

A  park  extends  along  the  lower  level  by  the  lake, 
with  winding  walks,  pleasant  arbors,  whispering  foun- 
tains, climbing  vines,  snow-white  statuary,  parterres 
ablaze  with  blossoms.  The  world  of  history  from  the 
very  beginning  is  in  this  park  represented.  Here  are 
symbolic  illustrations,  memorial  columns  and  arches, 
marble  busts  of  distinguished  men  in  history,  arranged 
in  chronological  order.     One  can  travel  from  the  Tower 


if' I 


THE  CHAC/TAl/Ql/A  MOVEMENT  235 

history,  biography,  literatur  "a „d  art  'ev^HthlT'  °' 
make  a  pilgrimage  wl,ich  wi  1  be  better  to  hi™  h  ""'^ 
score  of  text-boolc  lessons  in  history  ™  "'""  ^ 

an  e"x-S'::ea  Zt'  "'^  ^^^^'  "-""P-k.  covering 
artificial  ponds  ;eplnt-"""'  '"'  ^^"'=^^'  ='"''  ""^ 
with  small     nd  Xate   ^m"''  '''^'  ^"'^   '^''^^ '" 

represent  the  Prin:^7c!tir  of 'thrptft  '"^"t  " 
It  possible  for  f-o>-.v.     ^„    .    /  '"^  Planet,  —  making 

geography  as,  inThe';;  "b/th  :j"l  h^  ''"'''^' 
through  all  the  eenturies  of  history  ^        '  P^'^''* 

bee'n''retaired'"R°l  '''"""^  "'"'  "^  ''>^'  ''-  have 

tine    pnrl  1  P       ^^  °"^  °^"  nioclel  of  Pales 

cros'sintthrsl^    ™^^  '^'^^^   "'^   --"   -"   wi^!,:t 

vistT'I'taVof^Geo^'T  ^"""^^"^  '^-"'"^  P™. 
■ofty  walls,  h"s  Ll'cTnr^  ^;iri"e  ^°?  ^- '^ 
.n  bas-relief  the  continents  and  nlo^^tin  ran^l's  "c"? 
hemisphere  ,s  hidden  under  the  floor,  but  a  clA^       , 

huge  maps' tsening^hedl:;^;:^^^     T  '''''"''' 
Near  each  map  I  find^  nbrar,  if  2  ^"T  f  °°"P'^- 

'0  the  continent  to  Which  ^^et^^rdSrtf 


# 


it       •  .  '  f 

ii 


(,Ml 


236 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


I    Mil 


I  i,i 


W      '  '1  i|. 


!l       I 


huge  portfolio  resting  on  an  easel  are  pictures,  engrav- 
ings, and  photographs  by  the  hundred,  illustrating  the 
architecture  and  natural  scenery  of  the  same  continent, 
with  smaller  stereoscopic  views  by  the  thousand,  all 
these  helps  furnishing  the  best  facilities  in  the  world 
for  the  thorough  study  of  geography. 

The  illustration  of  language-teaching,  by  the  natural 
method  at  its  perfection,  will  be  given.  The  student 
may  live  for  weeks  in  German  quarters,  where  all  the 
conversation  will  be  conducted  in  German,  and  where 
the  habits  of  German  social  life  are  reproduced.  He 
may  listen  to  lectures,  and  study  the  literature  of  the 
language,  as  though  he  were  himself  in  Germany. 
French,  Latin,  and  Hebrew  quarters  will  give  the  same 
rare  opportunities  to  the  students  of  these  several 
languages. 

One  of  the  best  features  of  the  "  Chautauqua  that  is 
to  be"  will  be  found  in  the  "After-school," — a  session 
of  from  four  to  six  weeks,  devoted  to  specialties ;  the 
most  distinguished  lecturers  which  the  world  can  fur- 
nish being  present  for  from  two  to  four  weeks,  so  that 
the  student  in  any  specialty  may  listen  to  lectures  from 
the  greatest  living  authorities  on  the  planet,  and  receive 
instructions  for  a  short  space  of  time  from  the  best 
teachers, .using  the  new  "After-school  Series  "  of  text- 
books yet  to  be  provided.  The  advantages  of  the  four 
to  six  weeks'  "After-school"  of  specialties  will  be  so 
great  that  no  teacher  or  student  can  well  afford  to  be 
absent  from  their  privileges. 

Schools  of  music,  schools  of  art,  schools  of  science, 
schools  of  medicine,  of  theology,  of  law,  and  of  general 
handicraft,  will  be  organized  and  conducted  by  compe- 
tent leaders. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  AfOVEMENT.  237 

Models   of  cottages   and   farmhouses  will   illustrate 
architectural  possibilities  within  the  reach  of  the  hum 
blest  people. 

Especial  attention  will  be  given  to  the  department 
of  humanity ;  to  modes  of  preventing  pauperism,  and  of 
making  honest  poverty  respectable;  to  ways  of  reform 
of  honest  hying   of  training  childhood,  and  of  Indus! 
trial  life  in  all  of  its  demands  and  possibilit-'es 

A  "Foreign  Tour"  in  that  coming  time  will  prove 
an  a  most  perfect  preparation  for  an  actual  journey 
Whatever  art,  Hterature,  and  the  living  voice  can  do! 
will  be  found  in  connection  with  the  "  Teachers'  Re 
treat ; "  and  people  expecting  to  travel  abroad  will  avail 
themselves  of  this  annual  opportunity  for  preparation 

.^.T^'^'^''  ^  '""  '^^  """"  ^^  Philosophy,"  mo^e 
than  double  its  present  size,  built  of  snow-white  marble 
standing  among  the  trees  of  St.  Paul's  Grove  Multi' 
tudes  tread  its  pavements,  joining  in  Chautauqua  songs, 
observing  "  memorial  days  "  with  solemn  service,  keep! 
ing  the  "vesper  hour,"  and  under  the  blaze  of  the 
Athenian  watch-fires"  joining  in  the  "night  vigil-" 
holding  "round-table"  discussions  and  " students'  ses- 
sions,  and  listening  to  scholarly  lectures  delivered  by 
the  foremost  thinkers  of  that  coming  time 

Resident  professors  will  devote  themselves  all  the 
year  to  the  work  of  correspondence,  and  ten  thousand 
students  in  all  parts  of  the  world  will  be  directed  in 
reading  and  study  from  that  central  office.  University 
examinations  will  take  place  during  every  month  of  the 
year,  and  candidates  will  come  for  such  examination 
irom  many  lands. 

A  "  Ministers'  Retreat "  will  at  that  time  have  been 


*  •-•  i< 


k<    I    ' 


I'l 


ti  :JJ 


»" 


'.■--a« 


U'!i: 


238 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


erected.  For  a  nominal  sum  ministers  may  bring  their 
families  to  Chautauqua,  and  find  comfortable  quarters 
while  they  listen  to  courses  of  lectures  in  literature  and 
science  bearing  upon  their  professional  duties. 

The  Chautauqua  Press  will  have  provided  ample  libra- 
ries in  all  departments  of  literature,  in  cheap  or  more 
expensive  form,  according  to  the  taste  and  ability  of 
the  readers. 

There  will  be  "high  days"  in  Chautauqua, —  " Me- 
morial Days,"  when  names  precious  to  all  Chautauquans 
will  be  tenderly  spoken  ;  "Recognition  Day,"  when  the 
golden  gate  shall  be  opened,  and  children  with  their 
baskets  of  flowers,  conforming  to  custom  from  time 
immemorial,  will  strew  with  blossoms  the  pathway  of 
pilgrims  under  the  arches  to  the  "  Hall  on  the  Hill." 
There  will  be  the  great  "  Commencement  Day,"  when 
diplomas  are  given  and  degrees  conferred  by  the  chan- 
cellor of  that  time,  and  representatives  from  all  parts 
of  the  world  will  come  to  receive  the  rewards  of  dili- 
gence, fidelity,  and  perseverance. 

There  will  be  ample  means  provided  for  the  Chautau- 
qua of  the  future.  Men  and  women  who  have  directly 
or  through  their  parents  received  from  Chautauqua 
awakening  and  inspiration,  and  who  have  thereby  ac- 
cumulated property,  will  contribute  liberally  of  their 
ample  resources  to  the  building-up  of  "Alma  Mater." 
I  dare  not  name  the  sums  which  in  my  dream  I  see 
placed  on  the  altar  at  Chautauqua,  —  sums  which  will 
in  1950  A.D.  constitute  her  munificent  endowment. 

There  will  be  at  Chautauqua  a  "Holy  Catholic 
Church,"  where  no  denomination  that  names  the  name 
of  Christ  will  be  rejected,  and  where  all  denominations 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  239 

may  bend  at  a  common  altar,  in  unity  of  spirit,  with  tlie 
freedom  of  trutl,  and  charity.     I„  .he  service  of  tlat 
hurch,  al  that  .s  great,  venerable,  and  precious  in  the 
l.turgies  of  the  ages  shall  be  connected  with  the  liberty 
ot  extemporaneous  service.     However  diverse  the  de 
nonnnafonal  relations  of  Chautauquans,  believing  Lu's" 
shall  be  one  at  that  sacred  shrine,  where  the  Chrk 
of  human,  y,s  exalted,  and  his  Spirit  imparted.     The  r 
motto  Shan  be :  "  In  the  freedom  of  truth" and  the    pir  t 
of  Jesus  Christ,  we  unite  for  the  worship  of  God  2 
the  service  of  men." 

In  my  visions  I  behold  in  the  centre  of  the  grove  a 
sacred  temple  to  which  few  have  access  ;  lofty  sTron^ 
budt,  crowned  with  ivy;  only  those  go  b  yond'its  w  ,t 
barred  portals  who  know  the  sacred  pass-words.    B  els  d 
shall   hey  be  who  are  then  members  of  that  "GuiW  of 

knowlts'r::     '  "°'""'"  "^  ^^"  ''-  ^""'-Sh  but  few 
know  Its  real  name, -a  "guild"  in  existence  to-day 

very  sacred   and  membership  in  it  very  honorable,  and 
further  revelation  concerning  it  impossible 

,nrn"l?f  \  "'°''  ''''^^"'  "^  P'^'=«  ^"^  circumstance 
urn  out  to  be  "naught  but  idle  dreams".'    The  real 

"Chautauqua"  is  not  dependent  longer  upon  locamy 

The  grove  may  be  cut  down,  the  buildings  consumed  by 

fire  the  golden  gate  broken  into  fragments,  the  HI  of 

Ph  losophy  remam  only  i„  memory,  all  visitors  cease  to 

Meeti  /,  Tf  ''"''"  f  "'  "'"  ^"°''''  ^"'l  'he  Summer 
Meetngs  be  forever  abolished,  -  yet  Chautauqua  re- 
mams,  and  must  remain.  The  Chautauqua  of  ideas  and 
.nsp,rat.o„s  is  not  dependent  upon  the  literal  and  local 
Chautauqua.  May  they  long  remain  united,  and  each 
m,n>ster  to  the  strength  and  glory  of  the  oth;r  - 


J'         I 


•U-ilJl 


240 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


\ 


I"  i^ 


CHAPTER   XIII. 

**  Heaven  touches  earth  as  onwards  naiu  /go. 
Hasting  to  reach  the  city  of  the  d/est."  — Henry  Burton. 

"npHE  Hall  in  the  Grove"  is  the  centre  of  our 
J-  charmed  Circle.  Towards  this  spot  all  loyal 
Chautauquans  turn,  coveting  the  privilege,  if  they  have 
never  been  there,  of  "seeing  it  some  day"  with  their 
own  eyes ;  or  recalling  with  strange  delight  the  hours 
they  have  spent  under  the  shadow  of  its  white  columns 
and  in  tfie  fellowship  of  the  Circle. 

Here  the  "early  lectures  "  are  delivered  by  the  mag- 
nates,—  the  philosophers  and  the  theologians,  who  love 
to  "discourse  on  lofty  themes."  At  eight  o'clock  they 
and  their  disciples  come,  sometimes  crowding  the  hall 
even  on  a  rainy  morning,  and  "many  women  are  among 
them."  Profound  and  learned  lectures,  followed  by 
close  and  animated  conversations,  all  packed  with  rich 
and  weighty  thought,  give  the  "Hall  of  Philosophy" 
a  peculiar  attractiveness  to  great  and  cultivated  brains 
who  come  to  Chautauqua.  The  "elect "  are  they,  who 
make  their  way  through  St.  Paul's  Grove,  morning 
after  morning,  for  these  "early  lectures." 

Here  at  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the  "Round 
Tables "  are  held.  Then  all  the  "  C.  L.  S.  C.s "  are 
present.  They  come  in  unformed  processions  and  hur- 
rying crowds,   from   Normal  .  Hall   and   Temple,  from 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  24, 

cottage  and  hotel,  from  Museum  and  Park  of  Palestine 
from  boats  on  the  lake  and  from  gymnasium.     Every 
chains  soon   occupied.  -  often   even   before  peal   or 
chime  rings  m  the  hour.     Rude  benches  are  pulled  up 
to  the  mounds  that  rise  just  outside  of  the  Hall     Shawl, 
are  spread,  and  scores  of  people  seated  on  the  ground 
Many  stand      It   is   a   beauriful   sight, -this   closely 
woven  and  fringed  mass  of  human  beings  in  and  aboul 
the  white  hall,  among  the  green  trees,  the  lake  a  little 
way  beyond,  the   rays   from  the  setting  sun   reflected 
from   quivering  leaves,  or  touching  with  their  beauty 

Imnfjr i^r"  '™"^'  °^  '^^"^^  «"d  the  fair  col- 
umns  of  the  hall,  and  illuminating  faces  of  singers  and 
speakers  and  people. 

The  "Round  Table"  exercises  are  begun  by  a  song 
a  word  of  greeting,  "uplifted  hands  ■'  or  "standing  up^J 
to  report  the  classes  represented,  or  to  answer  the 
question,  "What  C.  L.  S.  C.  members  are  her    for   he 

from  tL'  ":t  "r  ^"»"''^""  '^^P^"^-"  °f  ->-me 
from  the  rest  by  the  clapping  of  hands,  that  the  new- 
comers may  feel  "  at  home."  Then  comes  a  very  short 
lee  ure  on  some  C.  L.  S.  C,  topic;  ora  "convcrsatL'Tn 
which  one  or  more  educational  themes  are  discussed  bv 
a  question  or  series  of  questions  from  the  conductor  and 
by  concise  answers  from  the  Circle,  these  answer  being 
taken  down,  and  read  and  re-read  in  the  hearing  of  all 

slins  oV  ^"'''""   ^.''^""  ""^y  ^'  opened,   and  on 

the  df  1,'"''''  ''''''''  "P  ^™"'  "^'^'•y  P^"^'  °f  the  hall  to 
he  desk,  come  questions  relating  to  the  C.  L  S    C   _ 

Why  such  a  "  book  was  put  on  the  list ; "  whether  one 

^r'  ?!;:'^°°^-^y''^  «-^  as  a  substitute  ?■  what 
>sth.  =„anding  01  a  member  who  "read  the  books  of 


i^  ' 


■li 


!1     *■''*? 


242 


ili 

r 

m 

'1 

j 

;., 

i 

i 

j 

■;t 

1 

fill 

1 

,  I 


'!'i!r!i 


I  I 


III 


ItilE 


r///i    CHAUTAUQUA  MOVE  ME  XT. 


three  years,  but   dropped   out   of  the   Circle   for   one 
year;''  what   is  required  in  order  to  win   the    "white 
seal ;"  the  difference  between  the  white  and  the  "white 
crystal ; "  the  "  duties  and  privileges  of  those  who  be- 
long  to  the  'League  of  the  Round  Table; '  "  the  various 
"grades  of  the  'Guild  of  the  Seven  Seals;'"  "how  to 
reconcile  a  statement  in  one  of  the  required  books  with 
a  statement  in  another ; "  "  why  we  cannot  have  more 
•drills'  at  the  Round   Table;"    "what  is  the  color  of 
the  badge  for  'Z6''  or  "  '89"  or  some  other  year;  "who 
is  president  of  the  Class  of  '89,"  etc.     Sometimes  the 
questions  are  asked  orally,  and  somebody  answers  be- 
fore the  conductor  has  a  chance  to  speak.     Questions 
and  answers  are  sometimes  so  good  or  so  simple,  so  odd 
or  so  ill-timed,  as  to  cause  a  ringing  laugh  from  one  end 
of  the  hall  to  the  other. 

The  Round  Table  is  now  and  then  resolved  into  "A 
Conference  on  Blunders  of  Speech  at  Chautauqua." 
Everybody  is  at  liberty  to  report  remarks,  pronuncia- 
tions, violations  of  grammar,  etc.,  heard  at  Chautauqua 
on  the  street,  in  the  cottages,  or  from  speakers  on  the 
platform.  Oral  and  written  questions  now  fly  thick 
and    fast:    "How  do   you,  Mr.    Conductor,    pronounce 

■ ?  "     Perhaps  the  conductor  has  just  mispronounced 

it.  On  the  platform  sit  two  or  more  professors  with 
copies  of  Webster,  Worcester,  and  other  authorities,  to 
whom  appeal  is  from  time  to  time  made.  This  is,  on 
the  whole,  one  of  the  most  amusing  and  useful  of  the 
Round-Table  exercises. 

Now  and  then  we  listen  to  reports  from  C.  L.  S.  C. 
work  in  various  sections  of  the  country,  to  statements 
of  difficulty,  to  a  proposal  of  new  plans,  to  an  illustra- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEAfENT.  3^3 

tion  of  method  in  local  nV/^ir.  ^^  •        ^ 
to  an  account  of  "omCpel,  Z""       '"""'  ^'"'""• 
day.     There  is  scarccl/ ^n'!'  rmlT  the"  '  "■,?"""' 
useful  exercises  of  n  "W  \  ^^  Poss'l>le  and 

As  the  ho  r    raw    nea    t"s  d""  k°"c''  ^="''^-" 

.ivenoutorcal,edfLfltfa>:;ss-;;;:r"or;i 
M.      .   r  '  EVENING  PRAISE. 

Mary  A.  Lathbury. 

r;^-b;fe^"^l-"ET"'-SEM,.CHORUS.  ^M.   F.   SherWIN.      ,877. 


Full  Chorus.  '      '  ' 


cres. 


pHJiSi^^ 


^■=^:xrT>^~T- 


-T— rl ?^— +— 1 


i.  ,  L' 


m 


r  I'l 

"I  r'n 


f 


i 


I 


244 


T//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


was  omitted,  and  a  part  of  the  audience  had  left.  Some 
one  reminded  the  conductor;  and  the  Hall  was  soon 
filled  again,  and  the  hymn  was  announced  and  sung.  It 
is  a  beautiful  hymn.  Mary  A.  Lathbury  was  inspired 
when  she  wrote  it.  No  one  can  hear  it  sung  at  the 
close  of  a  Round  Table  or  Vesper  Service  at  Chautau- 
qua, without  feeling  its  power.  All  Chautauquans  are 
supposed  to  know  and  often  to  sing  it. 

The  classes  of  the  several  years  usually  hold  brief 
business  meetings  at  the  close  of  the  Round  Table.  It 
is  interesting  to  watch  the  groups  in  each  corner  of  the 
Hall,  one  at  the  centre  and  one  or  two  under  the  trees 
outside,  attending  to  the  business  of  their  respective 
classes,  electing  officers,  arranging  for  special  meetings, 
an  excursion,  a  reception,  a  song-service  perhaps,  or 
something  else  designed  to  bring  them  together  and  to 
foster  the  class-spirit. 

The  "Vesper  Hour"  is  at  five  o'clock  on  Sabbath. 
It  is  never  omitted  during  the  season  ;  and  the  resident 
Chautuaquans  have  for  one  or  two  years  kept  it  up 
through  the  entire  year,  gathering  on  the  stormiest 
evening  in  the  Hall,  to  sing  the  evening  hymn  and  to 
pray  for  "all  members  of  the  Circle  all  over  the 
world." 

The  Sabbath  "Vesper  Hour"  at  Chautauqua,  espe- 
cially during  the  Assembly,  is  the  most  impressive  of  all 
the  Chautauqua  services.  There  seems  to  be  a  brood- 
ing  Presence  which  invests  the  place  and  hour  with 
most  solemn  and  tender  influences.  Hymns  are  sun"-, 
one  of  the  prescribed  vesper  services  rendered  respon- 
sively,  and  remarks  made,  usually  by  the  Chancellor 
and  one  of  his  associates.     The  greatness  of  God  our 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  245 

gentleness,  the  "wide^ess  in  ^^  '  ','f  ""'h^^-'ike 
in  forgiving  and  fojett  n^  h1  ,„"Z-  "J^^''^''^"'^' 
love  of  righteousness^  His'ritv  H  ,  °  ,  ""'  "'^ 
although  hidden  in  it  proce'sse^  "  J'rK  "?  "'"'' 
its  aim  and  end     Th/,       !  ^'  beneficent  in 

bear  the  burdens  of  We  is?''  ,°  ,""''  ""'  ^°"°"^  «"d 

o£  high  ain,s  the  rttr  „;tne?;rr^  '"Z^^"- 
silence  when  one    -.nfc         ""^""^^  ^^  self-sacrifice  ;  of 

silence  wo^ld  comp  ^"r  us"  'T  ''/  ''''''' '''''' 
duties  ;  the  glorious'op;  Li  i;s  l^lT,  "',  '""'^ 
m  very  humble  homes  where  children  !l7t  '  "''" 

and  where  they  form  ideals  of  1.  -     '"^P"-^'i°"^ 

which  they  ^o^e..z:^:::,:[^z:^::':::^-^' 

and  home.  Really  the  key-note  of  the  Vesper  H 
found  m  those  matchless  words  of  Paul  <  m  "°"''  '^ 
thmgs  are  true,  whatsoever  thin  "s  are  L  *^'!'"=^" 
ever  things  are  just,  whatsoete  rhin"  are  o.  T 
soever  things  are  lovely,  whatsoever  ttin^T  ar  of  ''," 
report ;  if  there  be  any  virtue  and  f  fh!  k  ^°'"' 
praise,  think  on  these  things  "  '^  ^^  ""^ 

I  cannot  better  give  my  feelings  towards  the  '■  Hall " 

:;-:«::•  T^t^ajs^r^.^  -  r-"^ 

confidence  in  the  radical  wrk  which  I  tin""''"  7 

f-y  'brou^l^  ;^h:  rertefwrhTlJwt  ^C?'- 

auquans  the  dear  old  "Hall  in  the  Grove        ALtt" 

-tarn  .me  old  counsels  which  are  not^o  old't^t 


liii 


r,W! 


,PJ 


246 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


The  season  is  over.     The  crowds  have  gone.     The 
classic  groves  are  again  quiet.     The  silent  lake  lies  by 
ci  silent  shore,  reflecting  the  lovely  verdure  of  trees  and 
terraces,  and  the  deep  blue  of  over-arching   heavens. 
The  Temple,  busy  scene  for  all  these  weeks,  is  solitary 
now  as  a  deserted  abbey.     The  huge  amphitheatre  with 
;ts  capacious  concave,  its  chairless  orchestra  and  sealed- 
up  organ,  seems  awful  in  its  vast  emptiness,  and  sacred 
with  haunting  memories  of  eloquence  and  song,  and  of 
surging,  enraptured,  applauding  multitudes.     Palestine 
is  deserted.     Jerusalem  is  solitary.     The  waters  of  the 
Dead  Sea  have  backed  up  until  Jordan  has  far  over- 
flowed  its  banks.    The  fountains  have  ceased  their  play, 
the  electric  light  no  more  vies  with  moon  and  stars,  the 
walks  are  well-nigh  forsaken,  and  again  in  the  prime- 
val forest  one  walks  alone,  and  undisturbed  meditates 
in  the  temple  of  nature.     One  spot  is  doubly  sacred 
since  the  crowds  have  gone.     It  is  the  Hall  of  Philoso- 
phy.    In   impressive   majesty  it  crowns  the  hill.     Its 
white  columns  present  a  fine  contrast  with  the  brown 
and  gray  trunks,  and  the  now  changing  foliage  of  the 
trees,  in  St.  Paul's  Grove.     The  vesper-song  has  ceased. 
The  voices  of  query  and  counsel,  raillery,  jest  and  mel- 
ody, are  no  more  heard.     The  earnest  souls  who  hither 
came  with  love  and  zeal,  with  hope  and  desire,  have 
passed  forth  into  a  busy  world,  with  memories  not  soon 
to  be  forgotten,  joys  never  to  be  wholly  extinguished, 
and  resolutions  which   reach  out  towards  the  higher,' 
larger  plane  of  human  aspiration,  to  find  their  end  and 
crown  in  God. 

There  is  to  me  an  ineffable  charm  about  this  dear 
old  hall.     In  it  Jiif  ure  dwells,  and  God  reigns.     In  it 


rm  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  247 

many  a  burdened  soul  ha^  fn.m^  • 
fulness,  freedom  and  rest  mL  '  '^■■""'  "'°"g'^'- 
without  human  sign  to  ^lrk??T\"  "°»y"abled  vow, 
and  strength  out^  of  the  til e^t  b,^'?""°''' ^^^-^^ 
heavens,  to  prepare  human  soul  for  h  ^""^"^""■P^^^ing 
service  in  far-away  homl       T  "'"^"  ^"'^  ^'""6 

gle  and  sorrow  ^hero;s"ar'T™"°  ''^^^  "'  ^'™g- 
Chautauqua  world  .'the  'hJ^  Th^r  °'  '''  """'^ 
not  far  thenee  to  heaven.  '  '^™""-       ^^  '« 

As  I  linger  a  few  days  in   these  oil^nf       j 
sanctuaries  after  the  mnlHf,, .      u  "'  ^"''  ^^'^''^d 

self  and  wJZ  f!    "'""""'''==  "^"^  gone,  to  rest  my- 

think,  of'  0':   :;  Tr'  T^^  -'  -  "-e  world.'l 

readers  and  rents'       f^ ^  ^5^' ^  ^"""-^  ^^ 
Other  lands  •  and  T  Vn^  ^'^  ^^^^  ^his  and 

of  advice  that  ling  from'tT  ""  "'^"^^  ^  ^^^^  "-"s 
the  trees,  and  steaUuf  oT  the'  ^T'""  '"'  ''™P  f^"" 
turns  a  listening  ear  o  °Lt^.'"'"  "'  enthusiasm 
Chautauqua  may  sav  to  the  ""^"'bodied  spirit  of 

tauqua  everywhere  "''"''  "^"^hters  of  Chau- 

so.eitstti'::  ::Cefh  "'"■"•  ^"'^'"^■«<'  ^^ 

be  incarnated  and  exercTsedT  T"  '"'"'""'■  "^^''^  '» 
-y-day  doing  thrTu^h  tHe  wh' ^"^ t''°™-='^^' 
raptures,  longings  and  covenantrmusrh;  .  f  """^ 
into  heroisms  of  a   nlain       j  ^  transformed 

""sentimental  aL^^ /«"j,f  ~   type.  i„   ,,, 
niay  ead  us     Th^  ru     .  .  ^^^^^  s^ern  duty 

ity    The  4„^„f%^,'^f  "'^"^"^  fervor  must  become  fide^ 

slohoonriid  parior  ?^  ""''  '"'P  ^''"P'  ''''^hen, 
and  muscle  Songs  .^A  "*  "  """''  «"  '"'°  ""'-e 
October  and  vC^        ^"^"'^  ""^^  '"'"'e  sinews  for 


,;  'i[ 


248 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


\\\\ 


B#fll 


i 

i 

1  i 
t 

After  the  grand  review  —  dress-parade,  oratory,  music, 
flags,  and  fireworks  —  comes  the  common,  every-day 
routine,  —  plough,  pen,  needle,  and  nursery.  Farewell 
to  the  holiday !  All  hail  to  the  working-day  !  Between 
the  two  there  is  a  vast  difference  ;  and  both  are  good. 

There  is  a  difference  between  the  peal  of  morning 
bells  rolling  over  lake  and  through  forest-trees,  with 
the  warble  of  wild-wood  birds,  waking  one  up  to  a  day 
of  music  and  eloquence,  Sunday  clothes,  and  good  so- 
ciety ;  and  the  gruff  call  or  dissonant  bell-ring  of  some- 
body whose  business  it  is  to  tell  you  to  be  up  and  at  it, 
at  once  and  for  all  day,  whether  you  feel  like  it  or  not. 

There  is  a  difference  between  sitting  down  to  a 
breakfast  that  was  prepared  for  you  by  servants  ;  and 
getting  up  to  build  a  fire,  and  boil  a  kettle,  and  broil  a 
steak,  and  wait  for  all  the  household  to  come  down  and 
in,  and  get  through,  and  give  you  a  chance  to  do  some- 
thing else  before  a  half-dozen  other  things  claim  your 
time  and  thought,  and  thus  make  way  for  a  dozen  and  one 
additional  things  that  fill  up  the  unprinted  programme 
of  your  own  domestic  or  official  '*  assembly  "  at  home. 

There  is  a  difference  between  a  precious  Bible-read- 
ing at  eight  o'clock,  with  all  the  sweetest  texts  in  the 
book  put  into  lines  or  clusters  or  circles  like  gems  in 
royal  treasure  plJite ;  and  the  care  of  a  "  mussed-up  " 
table,  a  pile  of  soiled  dishes,  or  a  naughty,  nervous,  or 
afflicted  child. 

There  is  a  difference  between  one  of  dear  brother 
Adams's  devotional  conferences  at  nine  o'clock,  with  the 
fresh  experiences  of  many  hearts  (who  for  the  time 
forget  crying  children  and  crowded  kitchen)  full  of  joy 
ai^d  peace  and  triumph,  with  the  ingenious  interpreta- 


!     Between 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  249 

tions  of  old  or  difficult  or  out-of-the-way  texts,  with  the 
sweet  and  fervent  prayers  that  sound  as  if  heaven  were 
near  and  not  afar  off,  and  as  if  all  the  people  one  saw 
fimng  the  Amphitheatre  were  saints  of  God  who  had 
eft  the    'exceeding  glory"  for  an  hour  to  give  Chau- 
tauqua a  taste  of  the  celestial  life ;  there  is,  I  say,  a 
difference  between  all  this,  and  the  sweeping  and  dust- 
mg,  the  stewing  and  sweating,  the  clerking  and  teach- 
ing, the  hammering  and  ploughing,  and  all  the  rest  of 
the  mdoor  and  outdoor  exercises  that  usurp  the  blessed 
n.ne-0  clock  devotional  conference   hour,  for  which  at 

tZmel  ''"  ""'''  '"'  '°  "'"''  "o  °'-S-  -  -'» 
There  is  a  difference  between  the  eleven-o'clock  lec- 
ture about  life,  science,  and  philosophy,  full  of  wit  and 
wisdom  ;  and  the  planning  and  toiling  for  a  dinner  in 
which  something  will  scorch  or  spoil,  and  concerning 
which  peevish  and  fault-finding  words  are  sure  to  be 
spoken  by  those  who  ought  to  be,  but  are  not,  con- 
siderate  and  sympathetic. 

There  is  a  difference  between  a  two-o'clock  afternoon 
concert  of  gifted  voices,  stringed  instruments,  and  or- 
gans;  and  an  aching  head  and  quivering  nerves,  where 
rest  IS  refused  you,  and  the  hard,  straining,  dragging 
work  must  go  on,  whether  you  like  or  loathe  it  ° 

.  y,!'^"'?, '?  ,^ '^'^^'•«"«  between  the  four-o'clock  "spe- 
cialties, full  of  help  and  instruction;  and  the  insi^d, 
fashionable  call  that  wastes  your  time,  disturbs  your 
conscience,  and  makes  you  wish  "  society  "  to  the  dogs 
There  IS  a  difference  between  the  precious  five-o'clock 
Round  Table  or  Vesper  Hour,  with  its  free  conversa- 
tions (like  a  family  chat)  about  simple  things  connected 


Mill 


\i\ 


250 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


with  our  beloved  Circle,  with  its  broad  thoughts,  its 
sweet  friendships,  its  holy  prayers,  its  soothing  and  up- 
lifting "  Day  is  dying  in  the  west,"  when  the  sunlight 
seems  like  a  veritable  revelation  of  the  shechinah,  and 
the  air  is  vibrant  with  divinest  sympathies ;  there  is  a 
difference  between  the  Chautauqua  five  o'clock,  and  the 
average  five  o'clock  at  home,  in  field,  in  street,  in  shop. 

There  is  a  difference  between  a  Chautauqua  evening 
of  lectures,  songs,  burlesque,  boat-ride,  camp-fire,  re- 
ception, illuminated  fleet,  and  gorgeous  fireworks  ;  and 
the  weariness  of  a  routine  life  evening,  —  the  physical 
energy  gone,  the  children  out  of  sorts,  misunderstand- 
ings in  home,  neighborhood,  or  church,  the  prospect  of 
a  sleepless  night,  and  of  an  enervating  and  irritating 
to-morrow. 

A  difference,  to  be  sure.  But  then  remember  that 
these  every-days  should  be  glorified  by  the  Chautauqua 
days.  And  remember  that  they  test  the  sentiments 
enkindled  and  resolutions  formed  in  the  pleasurable 
excitements,  devotional  services,  splendid  processions, 
and  great  audiences  of  the  more  favored  season. 

Fellow-students,  let  the  charm  of  the  Chautauqua 
days  be  felt  through  all  the  intervening  days.  By 
strong  resolve,  put  high  thoughts,  tender  sympathies, 
devout  aspirations,  unwearying  patience,  into  the  most 
unsentimental,  uncomfortable,  and  vexatious  experiences 
and  emergencies  of  home  and  business  life,  and  thus 
diminish  the  difference  in  real  value  between  Chautau- 
qua days  and  other  days. 

Remember  well  that  worthier  than  the  head  is  the 
heart, — the  heart,  with  its  sympathies,  emotions, 
affections,  and  conscience,  and  will.     I  put  these  all  in 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  25 1 

one, -HEART.  Without  heart,  students  and  teachers 
are  as  worthless  as  terraced  gardens  on  the  slopes  of 
an  iceberg.  Concerning  a  promising  but  passionless 
cantatrice,  a  musician  said,  -  She  sings  well,  but  she 
wants  something,  and  in  that  something  every  thin^ 
If  I  were  single  I  would  court  her;  I  would  marry 
her;  I  would  maltreat  her;  I  would  break  her  heart- 

Em-o  V''""  '^''"^^''  '^'  '"''"^'^  ^^  ^^'  ^'^^^"'^  '^"^^^  ^^' 
Does  God  deal  in  some  such  ways  with  his  children  " 
-his  teachers   among   men.?     Is   the  whole  of  life  a 
normal  school  for  our  training  >     The  best  lessons  we 
receive  are  not  those  given  from  rostrum,  blackboard, 
or  laboratory.     Nor  are   they  always    in   the   lines   of 
literary  and   scientific   thought.     They  come   through 
petty  vexations,  pricking  thorns,  defeats  of  ambitions 
stings  of  gossip,  desertion  by  friends,  open  graves,  and 
hushed  voices  without  whose  melody  we  did  not  think 
we  could  live.     Out  of   such  grief,  and  in  such  grief, 
God  s   grace   is   given.     Adelaide   Procter  has  sung  a 
song  of  comfort  for  God's  students  :  — 

"  I  tliink,  if  thou  couldst  know, 
O  soul  that  will  complain, 
What  lies  concealed  below 

Our  burden  and  our  pain,  — 
How  just  our  anguish  brings 
Nearer  those  longed-for  things 
We  seek  for  now  in  vain, — 
I  think  thou  wouldst  rejoice,  and  not  complain. 

"  I  think,  if  thou  couldst  see 
With  thy  dim  mortal  sight 
How  meanings,  dark  to  thee, 
Are  shadows,  hiding  litrht ; 


If  |j'  -I 
fc  .1 


252  THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 

Truth's  efforts  crossed  and  vexed, 
Life's  purpose  all  perplexed, — 
If  thou  couldst  see  them  right, 
I  think  that  they  would  seem  all  clear,  and  wise,  and  bright. 

"  And  yet  thou  canst  not  know, 
And  yet  thou  canst  not  see ; 
Wisdom  and  sight  are  sl»w 

In  poor  humanity. 
If  thou  couldst  trust,  poor  soul. 
In  Him  who  rules  the  whole, 
Thou  wouldst  find  peace  and  rest : 
Wisdom  and  sight  are  well,  but  trust  is  best." 

"  Day  is  dying  in  the  west,"  and  it  is  time  for  closing 
words.  Very  soon  autumn  leaves  will  strew  the  ground, 
and  very  soon  the  glory  of  autumn  will  be  hidden  by 
the  crystal  splendors  of  winter.  The  blessed  re-unions 
of  this  summer  will  have  passed  into  history,  and  our 
scattered  fraternity  be  engaged  in  the  conflicts  of  this 
weary  and  busy,  but,  after  all,  glorious  world.  In  the 
strife  and  the  weariness  and  the  work,  let  us  remember 
every  inspiring  service  of  the  past,  and  gather  strength 
also  from  our  look  of  faith  into  the  future,  —  the  future 
that  is  nearest,  and  the  future  that  is  very  far  off ;  a 
future  m  which  we  shall  be  the  glad  children  of  a  good 
Father ;  that  Father  a  great  King,  and  that  King  im- 
mortal, invisible,  eternal,  who  has  wonderful  things  for 
us  which  one  day  he  will  give  to  us  when  he  gives  to 
us  himself. 


NT. 


ise,  and  bright. 


ne  for  closing 
w  the  ground, 
DC  hidden  by 
sed  re-unions 
tory,  and  our 
iflicts  of  this 
orld.  In  the 
us  remember 
ther  strength 
—  the  future 
ixy  far  otf  ;  a 
en  of  a  good 
lat  King  im- 
ul  things  for 
he  gives  to 


APPENDIX. 


m 


\  n 


W' 


'  4i 

1 ' 


f 

ii 

'     'm 

Appendix. 


I. 


"^rom  Husty  cities,  „„j^^^^, 

The  Assembly  was  pronounced  b/"everybodv  .'  a   ^"      ' 
attendance  was  larger,  the  weather  finer    i..       ^        '"''"''•     ^^^ 
'"ore  radical,  the  entertainments  mo  eV       'T""'  ^'''''''  '^'  ^^°^k 
^■hole  more  able,  and  the  finrre^r      ^'''''^"'  '^'  ^'''^''^^  on  the 
Of  its  projectors  had  dared "p.omt""  "'^'^^'°^^'  ''^^  '^^  breams 

For  a  whole  year  effirw  ,*  ^ 
officia.  letter  f  J,  .h^t:, ",    "Jjrc'h'f  """  """  "  "*    ^he 
Assoeiation  is  now  bef„re  m.     It  .„!.,?  tu"'""'  ''"'''  Camp-meeting 
'eports  the  ratification  by  th    tot  oXers  o,°  h      """'""'  '^--W.-.-anf 
of  Trustees.     Tl,i,  ,e„er\ears  datHr  ^     g""'™  '="'™  "^  ">'  '"-<! 

P  .es,  Order,  Reereation,  SanitaTv  tZ  ™""'"'  Entertainment,  Sup. 
J'.arge  o(  ,;,a  devotional  and  n'strjc  L^"'  '"'  "'  Instruction  had 
J-  H.  Vincent  in  charge.      The  5!  ■ ,  "'"'''  "'  ""  Assembly, 

fcotel  and  ten.  accomr„dat  »„  f'tp  "T"'  ,°'  '^"•="-™-  Provided 
for  the  invited  guests  of  the  AssemT'L"'/""  .'^P'""''  -^-bers, 
ehargeot  tents  and  other  places  devoed  ,0  „n""'°"'  ""'  "^°  "•'" 
Leshe  ,n  charge.  The  Department  oftl'v  '^  ^'"  "'"■'"^-  ""•  "■  W. 
^  superintend  market,  fo^r  the  4ly  orprvisl^s^'r  '°  "'"''"^ 


hav< 


^citciUi 


.  !■  f 


% 


25s 


256 


THE  CHAl/TAirQl/A  MOVEAfENT. 


supervision  of  hotels  and  restaurants  controlled  by  the  Assembly,  Mr. 
J.  E.  Wescner  in  ciiargc.  The  Department  of  Older  was  required  to 
enforce  the  rules  of  order  adopted  by  the  Executive  Hoard,  to  have  charge 
of  the  lights,  and  in  every  possible  way  to  promote  the  peace  and  quiet  of 
the  Assembly  during  its  entire  session,  Rev.  K.  M.  Warren  in  charge. 
The  Department  of  Recreation  was  to  provide  and  control  the  recrca^ 
tions  allowed  by  the  Assembly,  Rev.  W.  W.  Wythe,  M.D.,  in  charge. 
The  Sanitary  Department  was  required  to  provide  and  enforce  such 
sanitary  measures  as  shall  promote  the  health  and  convenience  of  the 
Assembly,  J.  E.  Stubbs,  M.D.,  in  charge.  All  these  departments  were 
subject  to  the  direction  and  approval  of  the  Executive  Board.  Lewis 
Miller,  Esq.,  was  chairman  of  the  Assembly,  and  ex-cjicio  chairman  of 
the  Executive  IJoard. 

The  first  Sunday-school  Assembly  was  wid<;ly  advertised.  "The 
Sunday-school  Times,-  and  leading  Sunday-schoo  papers  of  all  denomi- 
nations, seconded  the  efforts  of  "  The  Sunday-scl.ool  Journal  "  and  other 
publications  of  the  Methodist-Episcopal  Chu  ch  in  announcing  the 
Assembly  and  in  publishing  its  programme  in  advance. 

"  Chautauqua  Extras  "  of  "  The  Sunday-schc  ol  Journal  "  were  issued 
in  large  numbers,  giving  ample  answers  to  th ;  questions:  "Where  is 
Chautauqua.?"  "How  to  reach  Chautauqua,"  "What  is  to  be  done  at 
Chautauqua.'"  with  the  course  of  study  to  be  pursued  at  the  Assembly, 
the  list  of  speakers,  teachers,  and  singers  expe  :ted,  announcing  months 
beforehand  the  books  which  candidates  for  the  Normal  Department  were 
expected  to  read  in  advance. 

The  following  are  some  items  in  Chautauqua  Extra  No.  i  : 

—  "  It  is  spelled  with  three  k's,  —  Cha7/ta//q«  .." 

—  "  It  has  been  known  to  rain  at  Chautauqua  Lake." 

—  "  Are  you  afraid  of  little  discomforts  ?     Stiiy  at  home." 

—  "That  delightful  singer,  P.  P.  Bliss  of  Chi  ;ago,  calls  the  Assembly 
*  &  chat-talk-away  affair.'     He  will  be  there." 

—  "No  recreations  during  lecture  and  institute  hours.  Persons  who 
are  not  willing  to  observe  this  law  will  please  stay  at  home." 

—  "The  Department  of  Order  will  organize  the  best  boys  on  the 
ground  into  a  police-page  corps.     The  shield  badges  are  ready." 

—  "  Bring  your  biggest  shawl.  Chautauqua  .ake  is  twelve  hundred 
feet  above  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  it  is  sometiities  comparatively  cool 
there  even  in  August." 

—  "The  gates  will  be  closed  on  Saturday  e -ening,  and  kept  closet! 
until  Monday  morning.  No  steamers  will  be  allowed  to  land  at  Fair 
Point  on  Sundays." 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT,  257 

-"Persons  attending  the  Assembly  must  be  nrenarer!  fnr  fl,« 
discomforts  of  out-door  and  camn  i;f.  \Z  f'^^P^'^e^  'or  the  usual 

patience  and  forbearance  on  the  ,J     T  .   '      ^^  "^'^  """* 

Assen.bly"  ^"'  ""^  quests  and  members  of  the 

whose  music  on  the  cornet  will  ni„      1      r        "beloved  F.  A.  Goodwin, 

Henry  P.  Have,  of  CcUc'cu,,  from  Ge"   S    B   F   ."'    "'n'  '""" 
■"»60,  a,ul  a  score  of  others  st  II  living      I   ,  ,  ■''"°'"'  °''-  '  '''■ 

reeeived  o„  >he  8th  of  Angus!:-  '^""  '""  ^^°"  ""' 

W,p"°"  ""  "•"•  '"'  ■"'  '"  '-"'"«•    =-P-'  -  to.m„„ow.-BL,ss  A»D 

»r^;s:rr:^rfir;s-:;itrc^^ 

mornhg  of  the  Oneniim  n^v  o  f  i  '^"eips,  iN.y.,  Aug.  6.     On  the 

Col  c«  "',  ^^^'P^""'^  Day,  a  telegram  was  received  from  Pike's  Peil. 
Col  sent  by  Bishop  Thomas  Bowman:  "The  Colorad/r  /  ' 
sends  sunrise  ?reetina«  tr.  tK»  ru     .  \     *  "^   Colorado  Conference 

unrise  greetings  to  the  Chautauqua-Lake  Assembly  " 

Ihe  opening  meeting  on  Tuesday  evening    Aue    a    L.  .         a   u 
ginn  ng  of  a  creat  work     ti,»    »  ^       ^'  ^'  ^^^  ^  8"°^  be- 

6        g  ot  a  great  work.    The  stars  were  out,  and  looked  down  through 


if*.': 


Ml 


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111 


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^^^*!^^ 


25^ 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


ii 


'K    %'. 


|l  1 


P!  Hi 


trembling  leaves  upon  a  goodly,  well-wrapped  company  who  sat  in  the 
grove,  filled  with  wonder  and  hope.  No  electric  light  brought  platform 
and  people  face  to  face  that  night.  The  old-fashioned  pine  fires  on  rude 
four-legged  stands,  like  tall  tables  covered  with  earth,  burned  with  un- 
steady, flickering  flame ;  now  and  then  breaking  into  temporary  brilliancy 
by  the  contact  of  a  resinous  knot  of  pine  or  a  vigorous  stirring-up  by  the 
stick,  of  the  rustic  fireman  who  knew  how  to  snuff  candles  and  how  to 
turn  light  on  the  crowd  of  campers-out.  The  white  tents  were  very 
beautiful  in  that  evening  light. 

The  Assembly  opened  with  the  reading  of  Zech.  iv.  i-6,  and  a  prayer- 
after  which  the  International  Lesson  for  the  following  Sabbath,  Mark  iv.' 
35-41,  was  read.  Singing  and  prayer  followed,  with  brief  addresses  by 
the  representatives  of  the  Baptist,  Congregational,  Presbyterian,  and 
Method.st-Episcopal  Churches.  The  following  Vesper  Service  was  used 
almost  daily  during  the  first  Assembly,  and,  since  then,  at  the  opening 
session  of  every  Assembly  "on  the  first  Tuesday  evening  in  August:"  — 

Leader.  —  The  day  goeth  away.     (Jcr.  6:4.) 

Congregation.  —  The  shadows  of  the  evening  are  stretched  out.    (Jer.  6  :  4.) 

L.  —  Praise  waitetli  for  thee,  0  God,  in  Zion  ; 

C.  —And  unto  thee  shall  the  vow  be  performed.     (Ps.  65  :  i  ) 

L.  —  Thou  makest  the  outgoings  of  the  morning  and  evening  to  rejoice     rPs 
65 :  8.)  o         J  V     . 

C.  —  Evening  and  morning,  and  at  noon,  will  I  pray  and  cry  aloud.  (Ps.  55  :  17.) 
Communion  -with  God.    4  lines,  7s. 
Softly  now  the  light  of  day 
Fades  upon  our  sight  away  ; 
Free  from  care,  from  labor  free, 
Lord,  we  woald  commune  with  thee. 

Z.  —  And  they  heard  the  voice  of  the  Lord  God  walking  in  the  garden  in  the 
cool  of  the  day ; 

C  —  And  Adam  and  his  wife  hid  themselves  from  ihe  presence  of  the  Lord 
God,  amongst  the  trees  of  the  garden.     (Gen.  3 :  8.) 

L.  —  Draw  nigh  to  God,  and  he  will  draw  nigh  to  you.     (Jas.  4 :  8.) 

Bethany.    6s  and  4s. 
Nearer,  my  God,  to  thee. 

Nearer  to  thee ! 
E'en  though  it  be  a  cross 

That  raiseth  me  ; 
Still  all  my  song  shall  be,  — 
Nearer,  my  God,  to  thee, 

Nearer  to  thee. 


id  out.    (Jer.  6 :  4.) 


aloud.  (Ps.  55  :  17.) 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  259 

C-And  he  look  of  theTlrof  ,,,"  f  "'^^  ''*''""""''"'' ■ 

and  lay  down  i„  ,ha,  p,a„  ,0  sleep  ''"'  """"  '"  '"'  ''"'"'■ 

.r  it'reTcW 'oVeir:''  "'  "°"'  ^  "'"  '"  "■>  °"  «■'  -">.  >"<>  .he  .op 
.8  :'^-„:.^,"''  "='"'"'  ""  ""«''»  »'  °°''  -"^i"S  and  descending  on  i..    (Gen. 

Though  like  a  wanderer, 

The  sun  gone  down, 
Darkness  comes  over  me 

My  rest  a  stone, 
Yet  in  my  dreams  I'd  be 
Nearer,  my  God,  to  thee, 

Nearer  to  thee  I 

There  let  my  way  appear 

Steps  unto  heaven ; 
All  that  thou  sendest  me 
In  mercy  given ; 
.    Angels  to  beckon  me 
Nearer,  my  God,  to  thee, 
Nearer  to  thee  I 

Or,  if  on  joyful  wing, 
Cleaving  the  sky. 
Sun,  moon  and  stars  forgot, 

Upward  I  fly, 
Still  all  my  song  shall  be,  — 
Nearer,  my  God,  to  thee, 
Prayer.  ^^^'■^'" '°  *hee. 

^n  Evening  Song.    L.  M. 
Glory  to  thee,  my  God,  this  night. 
For  all  the  blessings  of  the  light  : 
Keep  me,  O  keep  me,  King  of  kings, 
Beneath  the  shadow  of  thy  wings. 


t 


^'  i 


'!  i 


260  THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

m 

Forgive  me,  Lord,  for  thy  dear  Son, 
The  ill  which  I  this  day  have  done; 
That  with  the  world,  myself  and  thee, 
1,  ere  I  sleep,  at  peace  may  be. 

Teach  me  to  live  that  I  may  dread 
The  grave  as  little  as  my  bed ; 
Teach  me  to  die  that  so  I  may 
Rise  glorious  at  the  judgment-day. 

L.  —  "The  Lord  bless  thee,  and  keep  thee ; 

C.  —  The  Lord  make  his  face  shine  upon  thee,  and  be  gracious  unto  thee. 
Z.  — The  Lord  lift  up  his  countenance  upon  thee,  and  give  thee  peace. 
(Num.  6 :  24-26.) 

Closing  Verse.    C.  M. 

Thus  when  life's  to'lsome  day  is  o'er, 

May  its  depar  ■."■  ray 
Be  calm  as  this  impressive  hour, 

And  lead  to  endless  day. 

The  programme  was  divided  into  three  terms.  The  following  report 
published  by  the  author  in  "The  Sunday-school*  Journal "  for  Nov.  18, 
1874,  will  give  an  idea  of  theyfrj/"  Assembly :  — 

The  following  resume  of  work  for  the  three  "terms"  into  which  the 
fourteen  days  were  divided  will  show  how  much  was  accomplished. 

First  Term  :  Aug.  4-9. 

L  Lectures  on  Practical  Sunday-school  Work.  i.  "The  Superin- 
tendent in  the  Desk,"  by  Rev.  H.  Clay  Trumbull.  2.  "The  Power  of 
Sympathy  in  Sunday-school  Teaching,"  by  Bishop  Janes.  3.  "Temper- 
ance and  the  Sunday  School,"  by  Mrs.  J.  F.  Willing.  4.  "The  Foes  we 
Fight,"  by  John  B.  Gough.  5.  "Tlie  True  Training  of  Children,"  by 
Rev.  George  A.  Peltz. 

n.  Lectures  on  the  Bible,  i.  On  Bible  Evidences:  "The  Sunday 
School  and  the  Scientists,"  by  Dr.  L.  T.  Townsend.  2.  On  Bible  Biogra- 
phy: "Moses,"  by  Dr.  C.  H.  Fowler.  3,  On  Bible  Geography:  "Pales- 
tine and  its  Topography,"  by  Dr.  W.  W.  Wythe;  "Palestine  and  its 
Scenery,"  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Perrine. 

in.  Four  Conductors'  Conversazioni,  discussing  the  work  of  Sunday- 
school  institute  and  normal-class  conductors;  J.  H.  Vincent. 

IV.  Practical  Se?3ions.  Four  meetings  of  primary  teachers ;  Mrs.  Dr. 
Knox  of  Elmira,  N.Y.,  leader.  One  of  the  meetings,  in  Mrs.  Knox's 
absence,  Mrs  George  Partridge  of  St.  Louis  led.    Four  of  pastors  and 


I 


i| 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  261 

superintendents;  J.  H.  Vincent.  Dr.  F.  H.  Marling,  Dr.  J.  H  Castle 
J  H  vfnit  r  C '  T  '''Tu'  ^"--^^--Cass^acheri ;  Mr'peU  ! 
Hardllder     '  '""'     ''"^  "'  ^""^^''^'^^^  ^^^^ers;   C.  P.' 

V.  Eleven  Specimen  Meetings,  i.  Two  teachers'  meetings-  T  B 
Tyler  (perhaps  also  J.  S.  Ostrander).  2.  A  Sunday-schoo  sf  Jn  D^ 
P.  G.Ilett  Supermtendent.  3.  Four  Bible-readings ;  Rev.  M  No^on  oi 
Er,e  Con  erence.  Rev.  Isaac  Crook.  Rev.  C.  P.  Hard  Rev.  J  S  cit  Inder 

t    h'TV""'"'    '''''''   Ph''^'>'     5.   A  caricature  lecture     Frank 
Beard.    6.  Stereopticon  exhibition ;  Dr.  W.  H  Perrine  H  hlZi        T 
niched  by  McAllister,  of  New  York       7    A  rMM      -        ^'^\^^''^^^ons  fur. 
hv  T  <i  no*      J       .^   ^^^ewyork).     7-  A  children's  meet  ng;  addresses 

VI     id      '     "•  {;  ""•  ''^"''"^'  ^^^-  ^^-  F-  C-f^«'  -'d V.  Beard 
VI.    Iwo  Sermons.     Rev.  F.  H.  Marling  and  Rev.  W.  C.  Willing. 

Second  Term:  Aug.  10-13 

sciL i"tyT B vr If  ri.Y°^^  '■ "  ?r  ^°  ^^"''^^  ^^^  '^^'^y 

bvRev   r  U    R     I,  ^"         ^^"g"^ge  and  Illustration  in  Teaching." 

by  Rev^  J.  M.  Buckley.    3.  "Dynamics  of  the  Sunday  School  »  bv  Dr 

W  wSir-  ,^;;f' '^^^^^^^"^^  -^  ^^'^^-^  TeIching,"byD;H; 
6  "The  Use  of  th J  t'  ''''  "^'  '"  ''''^'^'"  ^^^  ^^'PhNveL.  Esq. 

cor;v^b%:^^^^^^        ^-  "The^Vschl^r^dr 

DecaS;e.'CLV.E.O:Ha:ir-     "^  "  ^'^   ^""'^>'-^°°^   ^-^^^-' 
II.  Lectures  on  the  Bible,     i.  Two  on  Bible  Institutions-  "Th.  T.K. 
ernacle  and  its  Furniture."  by  Rev  Wolcott  C.U^llTl'^ ,  ^ 
Phy :  "  Palestine  and  its  Scenlry."  ,^X.  H  'pe^Hj-  '^''^  ^^°^- 
TV    ^^""'■.^^"^"^^o'-s'  C.«z..r..,.,,„/;  J.  H.  Vincent. ' 

F.  Craffs'tadfT""  .  ^"•'  "'f'"^'  °'  ^"'""■>^  ^^^^^^^  ^--  W. 

leader     One  of  SnH       '    '?"""^'^^^  ^^-^^^ers;   Miss  H.  N.  Morris, 

V     lu    .        Sunday-school  superintendents;  Rev.  H.  C.  Trumbull 

dnlT:  T^Tr  .'?T  ^'^'C'-d  ^.-^our  each.     Sublec     of 
dnil.   The  Books  of  the  Bible;    Bible  History  and  Chronology-    B^e 

nltL  I  B  ?r  M-  V-  ""''''  J-  ^    ^-^-'  W. T'craft 
VT  ^         ■'■  ^     '  •^°''"  Pea^'son,  Br.  Niles. 

nacle  tIiToh'f ''r:'  i"''''"^'"'  ^'  "^'^  ^•^^'^^oard  Hour;  2.  A  Taber- 
PraL  st  ^"\^,f^l"'"^"^«'   3-  A  Stereopticon  Exhibition;  4.  Two 

m.se  Services.- W.  F.  Sherwin,  W.  F.  Crafts  »  4    iwo 


r 


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262  r^^"  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

Third  Term  :  Aug.  14-18. 

I.  Lectures  on  Sunday-school  Work.  "The  Church  Sunday  School 
by  Rev  Dr.  D.  Curry.  2.  "The  Ideal  Sunday  School,"  by  Rev.  W.  F. 
Crafts  3  "  How  to  Handle  the  Boys  in  Sunday  School  and  at  Home," 
by  Dr  T  H.  Vincent.  4-  "  Sunday-school  Literature,"  by  Mrs.  Emily 
Huntington  Miller.  5-  "The  Sunday  School  a  Training  School  for  the 
Ministry,"  by  Rev.  Dr.  T.  M.  Eddy.  6.  "Children  at  Preachnig,  by 
Bishop  Peck.  7.  "The  Church  of  the  Future  in  the  Sunday  School  of 
the  Present,"  by  Bishop  Simpson. 

II  Practical  Sessions.  One  for  a  Primary-Teachers'  Question  Drawer ; 
questions  answered  by  Mrs.  Knox,  Mrs.  Partridge,  Mrs.  Crafts  and  Miss 
Hattie  N.  Morris.  One  for  a  Miscellaneous  Sunday-school  Question 
Drawer;  questions  answered  by  Rev.  J.  M.  Freeman  of  New  York.  Prof. 
P  G  GiUett,  LL.D.,  of  Illinois,  Rev.  C.  P.  Hard,  Rev.  S.  McGerald, 
Rev.  W.  A.  Niles,  D.D.,  Rev.  J.  S.  Ostrander,  and  J.  H.  Vincent. 

III.  Meetings  for  Sections  A,  B,  C,  and  D,-two  each.  Subjects  of 
drill:  The  Christian  Evidences;  Rules  for  Bible  Interpretation. 

IV.  Six  Specimen  Meetings:  i.  A  Children's  Meeting ;  Dr.  J.  M.  Free- 
man on  "The  Invisible  Blackboard,"  Frank  Beard  on  "The  Invisible 
Blackboard,*'  Bishop  Peck  on  "  Things  Visible  and  Invisible."  2.  Teach- 
ers' Meeting;  3-  A  Sunday-school  Session;  J.  S.  Ostrander  superintend- 
ent- 4.  Teachers'  Prayer-Meeting;  5.  Missionary  Meeting,  Rev.  L.  F. 
Hard,  Rev.  J.  H.  Messmore,  and  Bishop  Simpson;  6.  Competitive  Ex- 

amination.  ,    -r^     rr.    »*    ttj  1 

V.  Four  Sermons.     Bishop  Simpson,  Bishop  Peck,  Dr.  T.  M.  Eddy, 

Dr.  W.  X.  Ninde. 

Summary  of  Work. 

Twenty-two  lectures  on  the  Sunday-school  work, -theory  and  practice. 
Seven  lectures  on  Bible  history,  geography,  evidences,  etc.  Sectional 
Meetings:  nine  primary;  six  intermediate ,  one  senior;  one  superintend- 
ents'; four  pastors'  and  superintendents'.  Eight  normal-class  aad  institute- 
conductors'  conversazioni.  Normal  sections  A,  B,  C,  and  D,  six  each. 
Three  teachers'  meetings  for  the  preparation  of  the  lesson;  two  speci- 
men Sunday-school  sessions;  four  Bible-readings;  three  praise  services; 
two  children's  meetings ;  and  six  sermons. 

All  the  leading  Protestant  denominations  were  represented.  Persons 
were  present  from  twenty-five  States;  also  from  Ontario,  Montreal,  Nova 
Scotia,  Ireland,  Scotland,  and  India. 

I  Largely  as  a  result  of  this  meeting.  Rev.  F.  A.  Goodwin  the  yo.mg  cornctist  and  Kev. 
John  E.  Robinson  offered  themselves  as  missionaries,  and  sailed  for  India,  Oct.  ao,  1874- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


263 


'ii  ;i 


Dr.  T.  M.  Eddy, 


m 


We  do  not  atte  'pt  here  to  mention  the  names  of  all  who  assisted  in 
this  great  enterprise.  Our  thanks  are  due  to  a  host  of  men  and  won.en 
whose  names  ate  in  our  heart,  and  with  whom  we  hope  to  work  for  years 
to  come  in  this  noble  cause,  and  whose  fellowship  in  our  Father's  king- 
dom we  expect  to  enjoy  forevc.  The  meetings  were  all  well  attended. 
The  occasional  showers  did  not  seem  to  abate  the  general  enthusiasm. 
Then  we  must  confess  that  these  showers  came  just  at  the  right  times. 
But  Oiie  lecture  was  postponed  on  account  of  the  weather,  x'he  evenings 
and  mornings  were  cool,  and  only  on  one  day  did  we  suffer  from  the  heat. 

The  marvels  of  the  museum,  the  novelty  and  sacred  associations  of 
our  tiny  bit  of  "  Holy  Land,"  the  beautiful  park  on  the  Point,  with  its 
fountain  and  statuary  ar.d  rustic  seats,  the  grand  old  forest-trees,  the 
lovely  lake,  the  songs  of  the  multitudes,  the  inspiring  lectures  and  ser- 
mons, the  instructive  class-exercises,  and  the  sweet  fraternal  fellowships, 
—  all  these,  and  a  hosf  of  unmentioned  delights  besides,  made  the  days 
pass  so  swiftly  and  so  sweetly  by  that  we  could  scarcely  credit  the  old 
almanac  when  the  final  Tuesday  dawned  upon  us. 

Successful  as  the  Assembly  was,  it  is  understood  to  have  been  but  a 
tentative  movement,  and  one  could  not  expect  the  thoroughness  of  or 
ganization  and  work  which  we  trust  to  realize  in  some  future  meeting  of 
the  same  general  character.  Its  results  satisfy  us,  and  at  the  same  time 
quicken  us  to  another  and  a  better  effort.  We  had  too  many  lectures  at 
Chautauqua,  and  too  little  normal-class  woik,  and  this  because  we  feared 
that  the  latter  would  fail  if  too  strongly  pressed.  We  are  now  certain 
that  two  hours  a  day  of  actual  drill  will  be  acceptable  to  the  majority  of 
our  teachers,  and  that  two  popular  lectures  a  day  will  be  sufficient  to 
attract  the  masses.  Besides  the  class-drills,  much  more  time  may  be 
spent  in  what  we  call  the  "  practical  sessions." 

The  conductors  of  all  normal-class  sessions  should  be  prepared  before- 
hand for  their  work.  This  we  have  always  i-cquired  in  local  and  tem- 
porary institutes.  At  Chautauqua  we  at  first  depended  upon  the 
Sunday-school  leaders  whose  experience  in  the  work  rendered  them 
ready  at  a  moment's  notice  for  the  management  of  a  section.  On  the 
first  day  of  the  second  teim,  we  called  a  meeting  in  our  tent  of  these 
conductors,  and  spent  two  hours  in  arrangements  for  the  remaining  sec- 
tional sessions.  Every  man  knew  his  work  for  five  days  in  advance. 
Should  another  Assembly  be  held,  we  trust  that  the  managers  will  pro- 
vide leaders  long  before  the  meeting  for  these  practical  and  normal  sec- 
tions. The  "  Bible-readings  ''  may  be  made  more  of  at  another  Assembly. 
"Praise-meetings"  should  be  held  daily.  More  emphasis  should  be 
placed  upon  the  conversations!  method  in  the  conduct  of  sectional  or 


i  I 


264 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


■  i 


•  i 


department  meetings.     The  "  Vesper  Service  "  was  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful and  impressive  features  of  tiie  occasion. 

The  "  Department  of  Entertainment,"  under  the  ingenious  direction 
of  Dr.  Wythe,  deserves  mention.  Its  contributions  to  the  pleasures  of 
the  Assembly  cannot  be  too  warmly  commended.  The  day's  labor  was 
lighter  for  the  delights  and  recreations  afforded  by  the  genial  doctor.  The 
fireworks  and  balloons  and  music,  the  "  views  "  and  panoramas,  and 
promenades,  and  Park  of  Palestine  all  helped  in  the  heavier  service  of 
normal-class  and  lecture  hours. 

The  Park  of  Palestine  was  laid  out  on  the  grounds  of  the  Sunday- 
school  Assembly,  in  order  to  provide  a  large  map  or  model  of  the  Holy 
Land  for  the  instruction   of  teachers  and  young  people  interested  in 
Bible  history,  and  who  desired  to  see  the  topography  which  gives  to  that 
history  such  vividness  and  power.     The  model  in  stones  and  earth  was 
not,  of  course,  a  true  representation   of  the  geology,  the  fauna,  or  the 
flora  of  the  Holy  Land.     It  is  hoped  that  one  of  these  days  we  shall 
have  such  a  complete  reproduction,  on  a  small  scale,  of  all  the  character- 
istics of  Canaan,  as  shall  render  a  visit  to  it  second  only  to  a  vision  of 
the  land  itself.    The  Park  of  Palestine  was  an  attempt  to  present  the 
general   outline  of  the  country, —the  principal  hills  and  valleys,  the 
water-courses,  the  cities,  etc.     In  this  particular  the  Park  was  accurate 
and  invaluable.     One   could  get   from  it  a  general  idea  of  the  leading 
features  of  the  country.     A  distinguished  geographer,  who  honored  it 
with  a  visit,  remarked,  "A  study  of  this  Park  at  Chautauqua,  and  Dr. 
Perrine's  'Chromo  of  Palestine,'  are  almost  equivalent  to  an  actual  tour 
of  the  Holy  Land."    The  Park  of  Palestine  was  the  work  of  Dr.  Wythe 
of  Meadville,  Penn.,  chairman  of  the  Department  of  Recreation,  for  the 
Assembly.     To   him  was  committed  the  idea,  and  most  admirably  he 
carried  it  out.     Personal   surveys,  personal  labor,  prosecuted  through 
weeks  of  discouragement  and  not  a  little  ridicule,  were  crowned  with 
most  gratifying  success.     He  brought  to  the  work  a  thorough  knowledge 
of   his  subject,  rare   resources   of  device,  invention,  and  a  persistency 
which  nothing  could  discourage. 

Palestine  is  but  a  small  portion  of  the  Bible  world.  Its  superior  ii.i- 
portance,  however,  as  the  great  centre  of  Bible  history,  justifies  us  in 
giving  it  a  prominent  place  in  our  studies.  Were  we  to  represent  the 
whole  of  Bible  geography  on  the  same  scale  as  that  adopted  for  the 
Park  of  Palestine,  we  should  cover  an  area  seven  thousand  feet  from 
east  to  west  and  five  thousand  from  north  to  south.  We  limited  our- 
selves, however,  and  on  a  plat  of  ground  about  seventy-five  by  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  feet  we  presented  the  salient  features  of  the  sacred  land, 


e  of  the  most  beau- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  26s 

became  man  and  lived  on  our  earth  and  d.Hf'"  '"'  '"^^  ^"""^  ^''^'>  ^ho 

The   "Museum"  was  a  succe  s    t  ^5 ''"'• 

practical  helps.  ''•    ^'  ""^^  "^^^  '"  curiosities  and  in 

tabernacle  on  the  hilj.  to  p.  ss  "  wriu!.?  ^^""^.•"^^  P^^^^^^  entered  the 
were  placed  in  the  hands  oHach  co  r""^'"^^'°"-  ^^^  questions 
dates  dropped  out  befo  fan  hou  aZT.  ''""^^  °^  "°"  -"^i" 
two  hours  and  a  half,  vvhi,  so„  ;  h^ger Td  Tot  T""'  '°^  '"'^^^  ^^- 
few  nearly  five  hours.     One  hundred  S  .  '"'  '""^^  ^°"'-'  ^"d  a 

submitted  for  examination  We  have  no.  tT'^  ""''''''  '''''  ^-^^y 
these  papers,  but  hope  to  do  so  before  th  /  k"'''  ''"  '"^P^'^^'^"  «' 
out  of  our  hands,  'a  prize  "il  b  awa  dedTo  1  ,h'^  "^^"^"^^  "  '^ 
competitors,'  and  a  diploma  from  our  Normal  Dent.  ''  """''  '''''''' 
exammation  papers  will  justify  it.  ThisTh ,.  ^  k  "'  *°  ""  ^^"^« 
movement  which  will  spread  over  o„r  T    !  .     begmnit.g  of  a  new 

in  Bible  study  among  our  teachers  ''  '"^  '^''^'"  "  "^^^  '"^^^est 

do  not  believe  that  there  is  arsuch  ^T  y"'''"''  '''''''''  ^e 
Without  the  Spirit  of  God  to  iroir  .M  .'"'/  "  ''"  "°™^^  ^^^^k. 
be  vain.  Having  the  Spiri  ^^  3.!,,  h  '""^  '''^''T  '""^^"  ^'■^"""g  ^-" 
ing  well  the  Word  of  God  Jt  us  no.  /  °"'  ''°'^  '^^  ^^"^'^  ^^  ^»°w- 
Perfection.  lef.  u«  trust  impUct^  "h^''' ^''""'"^ '  but,  seeking  it  i„ 
power  of  the  Holy  Ghost  ^  ^''^  ''■^^"^^>'  ^°^  ^^e  life  and 

Advo"^"?p;^tr^^^;;^fir   "The  Western    Christian 
Chautauqua:-.  ^  °^  ^'''  ^''^^  competitive  examination   at 

benches'  cZs^  LrpZo!^l^\tT\T  """'  "'''"'"'""y  ^"PP^^^^  ^'th 
The  ladies  seemed  to^rrLr;  2'rr^l:f' ^^T  ''''  ''^''''^'' 
under  fifteen,  and  one  boy  in  his  fourteSh  "Jar  fV'  '"°  '''''' 
with  paper  and  pencil  and  earh  „.^     ""^^"^n  year.     Each  was  provided 

air.    There  was'no  ^^T^^^^Jr :"-' '""  ">""^''*' 


three  candidates  receiving  the  honors 


jLliiHl 


and  Rev.  S.  McGerald 


were  Rev.  C.  P.  Hard,  Mr.  Caleb  Sadler. 


266  THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 

little  on  the  outside  of  the  tent,  were  Bishop  Simpson  and  Dr.  Eddy 
who  remained  only  a  few  moments,  as  the  latter  was  compelled  to  take 
the  ten  o'clock  tram  for  New  York.  On  the  same  side,  and  a  little 
nearer  to  us,  were  groups  of  visitors,  mostly  from  the  country  adjacent, 
who  gazed  in  rap  astonishment  at  the  sight  before  them,  not  daring  to 
mqmre  the  meanmg  of  all  this  mute  array  of  paper  a,>d  pencil.  A  Ihtle 
to  our  left  was  a  lawyer  of  large  experience  and  almosl  national  fame 
who  had  removed  his  hat.  cravat,  collar,  coat,  and  cuffs  ;  just  by  his  sTd 
was  a.,  ex-state-senator;  and  a  little  farther  on  was  a'boy  from    ow^ 

12l    T'Tu    ^^^  ^''  '^^''  "  ^"^^"  ^°""d  '°g'  -»d  had  gathered 
together,  for  the  better  resting  of  his  knees,  a  good-sized  pile  of  dry 

d!  t  ?h7T  .  ''''  T  ''"""'•  '^'  '^^"^  ^^"^--"S  ^he  normal  coursi 
durmg  the  last  year;  and  we  further  discovered  that  he  succeeded  in 
answermg  accurately  all  except  ten  or  twelve  of  the  fifty  questions,  one 
of  the  to  hnn  msolvable  and  incomprehensible  ones  being  this.  <  What  is 
he  relation  of  the  church  to  the  Sunday  school  > '  Nearly  in  f  ont^of  h 
conductor  were  two  veteran  spectacled  sisters,  who  at  no 'time  whispered 

penal.    Near  these  sat  a  mother  and  daughter  from  Evanston,  111.,  silent 
and  confident.     Every  now  and  then  the  knit  brow  would  rekx,  and  the 

ctuse  h'n  H     ''".'  "^'.^'^  '"  "^  '""^  'y^  ^h^-'^  ^^-^  -^^-y  i .  a  h    d 
cau  e  had  been  achieved.    On  the  outer  row  of  seats  we  observed  three 
doc  ors  of  divinity,  a  theological  student,  a  president  of  an  Ohio  college 
a  gentleman  connected  with  the  internal  revenue,  and  a  lady  principa 
justed     "^  ladies'  seminary,  all  with  their  thinking-caps  admirably  ad- 

"  At  the  end  of  an  hour  and  forty  minutes,  a  New-York  brother,  who 
had  been  specially  active  in  sectional  work,  held  up  his  hand  in  tok^n  of 
success,  and  his  paper  was  passed  up  to  Dr.  Vincent.  Shortly  afterward 
another  made  a  similar  signal;  but  nearly  all  occupied  over  three  hours 

It  i,T^"    1?'''  °""''^'  '"^■■"'^  to  seventy-five  or  eighty  per  cent." 
Assembr'^i    rf"  V"''  T''  '  satisfactory  report  of  that  first 
and  a  novel  experience  as  well,  to  those  accustomed  to  the  old  camp- 
meeting,  was  this  blending  of  instruction  and  recreation.     Many  uniq  e 
and  charming  pictures  are  recalled  by  the  Chautauquans  of  1874.     We 

sLrrd^i     f  n'n"'  T'""""  ''  ""'■  '^^"  Lennep  as  an  Eastern 
shepherd  in  full   Oriental  costume,  with  his  long  shepherd's  crook  in 
hand,  a  thousand  people  climbing  upon  the  mountains  eLt  of  the  Jordan 
to  hear  his  lecture  about  "The  Land  and  its  People."    There  is  a  picture 
too.  of  the  little  yacht  with  its  burden  of  melod^  steaming  out  int'the' 


3n  and  Dr.   Eddy, 
compelled  to  take 
side,  and  a  little 
:  country  adjacent, 
em,  not  daring  to 
1  pencil.    A  little 
3St  national  fame, 
5 ;  just  by  his  side 
1  boy  from  Iowa, 
and  had  gathered 
sized  pile  of  dry 
the  normal  course 
he  succeeded  in 
fty  questions,  one 
ing  this,  '  What  is 
rly  in  front  of  the 
0  time  whispered 
quent  use  of  the 
inston.  111.,  silent 
lid  relax,  and  the 
victory  in  a  hard 
e  observed  three 
an  Ohio  college, 
a  lady  principal 
)s  admirably  ad- 

•rk  brother,  who 
and  in  token  of 
hortly  afterward 
)ver  three  hours 
;hty  per  cent." 
ort  of  that  first 
ce  to  so  many; 
>  the  old  camp- 
•     Many  unique 
3  of  1874.     We 
as  an  Eastern 
lerd's  crook  in 
t  of  the  Jordan 
ere  is  a  picture, 
ig  out  into  the 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  267 

lake,  amidst  a  blaze  of  fireworks     Or,  fi    .  1 

the  itinerant  Trio  from  Wyor^l',  X  t  ^'J'  ^'''^''''''  ^'^"^'"^ 
Sumner,  J.  C.  Lacock ;  the  "  too'war'th^rr  "^^  ^'  ^-"^'^^^  J-  ^^ 
cornet,  which  always  seemed  to  h^'      ru       •      °''''^  ^°°^^'"  ^'^h  his 

the  Rev.  John  E.  ^X^^  ^geTh^r^'i  h  r  ^L^"' ^  T''^''^ 
the  time  came,  sang  his  Turkish  sonJ  In       ^  '""'^''  ^^°'  "''^«" 

applause  from  the  fhousands  on  the  stre^°^^^^^  f  '^  ^^^  by  thunderous 
display  is  memorable,  wherCapt  WhiM  I  .  ^1"'  '''^^'  °^  Pyrotechnic 
"  Colonel   Phillips,"  to  d"    wir  a  7  "  °'"  '''  '''''^'''  ^^e 

mounted  the  dec'-  of  the  iJlumin.Z^  ?  ^  ^'"^^  company  of  singers 
of  Prof.  T.  C.  O'Kane  and  R  V  F  A  T''' '"^' ""^" ''^^  ^^^dership 
with  music  from  the     'and  ch         ^-J"""'^^"^'  ^^^'ghted  the  crowds 

rockets,  balloons,  a;fd%Sote%reso1^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  -^  o.« 

that  recreation.     Who  will  fonretth^  rin        ™'^'^^-    ^heie  was  rest  in 

that  came  flooding  all  t^owef  parts  o  'the  /""'  "^"""^  ''''  ^^^^r 
spondent  said,  "The  Tordan  ove  li  !■  u  '"'^"•"P"^^"^ .^  As  a  corre- 
flood."     How'  hearHli    te Xt  't '  '"'  '^'T  ^  ^^^"'"^ 

over!    How  soon  the  water  LSLdlThl     How  soon  the  storm  was 

ory  of  the  shower  gives  pleasure  even  t"^^  "-"  '""'  °"''  '""^  '^"  """"" 
at  Chautauqua."         '' ^^^^^"'^^  ^^^^  to  this  day.    "  It  sometimes  rains 

1875. 

A  Je«h  Tabernacle  an  !xTaZ3  "'^,^"''*'"™  had  been  rebuilt, 
section  of  the  Pyr  mid  "«"  had  h""' °' *'"'«'"'''•-<' => 
direction  of  Dr.  W   W   Wvthl   5'  .     'i'  ""'=''  '""^"  ">=  skilful 

Recreation.    Instead  Tf  oTe  bell    ,hr"n"f "' ^'  *=  °=P"""'°'  <" 

01  Troy.N.Y.  (a.  that  t  me  Lne  1*  K^n,"-  """'''  '^'""P^"^ 
bells.    The  Oriental  H™,.!       ""''  .*.  Kraberly)  gave  us  a  peal  of  three 

=dded  to  .h?a;;ro"T;h:  lo^Tar  Tcf  n"°*r  ^'™-'™' 

™nts  of  the  programmes  publ"   ed'n  adv  „ ceTn  ™The  0^?"""- 

Assembly  Bulletin  "  hpanHf,, II  -n  "'  'tuvance  m  The  Chautauqua 
is  before  me :-!'  '""^  '^"'^^^^^^  ^"^  P^^^^.  a  copy  of  which 

—  Last  year,  one  bell. 

-This  year,  a  chime  of  bells,  musical  bells. 

Z  vv  ^^^'  ^"^"'"^  concerts  on  the  lake. 

%h;/;:L7rpiac;iurbS;hre:sr'''  '^  "'-'--^ »'"-  "■=  =^ciu„ 


t 


4: 


(i        ,: 


268 


if 


ii,i! 


,   i| 


U: 


f.    ''1 

■1 

i      t 

|; 

T//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


nl.t7J     n'T"    ,'    '  '^  '^^  ''^'"  «^°""^«  ^'"  be  sea.  d,  provided  with 
platforms,  blackboards,  maps,  bell,    tc.     There  are  four  of  the.Ments 

-  Furniture  to  a  certain  extent  may  be  rented  on  :,e  crr-und  but  ner^nn. 
commg  to  the  Assembly  should  provide  themselves  wn  h  tole^  fill's Z 
napkm,  etc.  Do  not  forget  a  good,  warm  woollen  shav  ,.  Evea'  i^  Summ"' 
.   isson,ct,mes  cool  fourteen  hundred  feet  atove  the  Atlantic.     BesteT 

Ura^rirgaT'^^""^'^"^ 

discuss  the  .  ,pics  especially  interesting  to  them      T  ey  will    ^e  dlZll^ '° 
discuss  pri„c,Mes,  illustrate  methods,  exhibit  ..   .liances  etc  '' 

-  The  Dnll  Sessions  are  those  in  which  al.  grades  of  the  worker,  m^.f 
m  classes  for  drills  in  the  Normal-Class  themes  f  BibleL-  'ory  "toloh 

thTo  hY      f "'''  f '"""'  ^"^^^  ^  *'^«"-"^  -''-  from  ou   main  w'kn 

1.  Thetext-bookof  the  Sunday  school,  its  divine  origrmi'sL  and    i     ^ 
cation  and  division  of  its  several  books  etc.   ..  The  tru^  Xo  v  'f  tht  f  ^^^^^ 
school,  as  to  its  place,  purpose,  and  relations,  etc     3   ThHLcher^^^^^^^^ 
teachmg  work  in  Sunday  school;  the  teacher's 'office,  ifs  pice  anfplerfetc: 

The  promise  in  1875  of  a  chime  of  bells  was  not  realized  until  188; 
The^great  organ  was  erected  by  George  H.  Ryder  of  Boston,  and  dedicated 

In  addition  to  the  normal  work,  classes  in  map-drawing  blackboard 

tTlT,'T'^r-'''^'r'''  --^^^^^^  direction';f'ltf'e 
S    M    Van    D  D    tt     '"  It  '"''  ''''  "'''''  ''^^"^^  by  the  Rev. 
?  ut'  ;    u  '         """"b^"  °^  '■^g"^^'"  attendants  being  about  fortv 

eigh   o  whom  were  ladies.    The  kindergarten  scheme  was  exited  ad 
Hlustrated  m  a  series  of  admirable  lessons  by  Madam  LTege  of  n- 
York.    Instruction  in   Sunday-school  singing  was  civen  bv  Dr    fk 
Tourjde,  Prof.  P.  P.  Bliss,  and  Prof.  W.  F.  S^hefw"  "  The  Ten'ne^seean;" 

..yS^^LS.,^:^- 

tions  upon  the  screen,  and  gave  several  scientific  lectures.    Mr.  George 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEAfENT.  269 

A.  Ford  gave  eighteen  talks  on  the  model  of  Terusalem      Mr  A  r.  v 
r-mnepgave  sixteen  lectures  on  Talestme  Park      OH  ri.  " 

never!  )rget  the  OrientiH«f  ac  k  '^'^"'"y  ^rk.     Old  Chair  au-jiians  will 

accomplished  at  the  AssembTvosTc  Ta- ■      '      ""^'"^  ^"^"^  ^^« 

lectures  on  the  I'ark  of  P^ii^,         ^K       ''•'^"'°"  '°  ''^^  "^^''^^^  l^««on«. 

fifty  normal-c  la  stsl,fs    fivrnra       ""''^  °'  ■^""^'^'"'  ^^^  -^°"«d 

day-school  addres^T  Iven  lecL    r:n"n;r%r"'^'"°  «^"^"'  ^""■ 
mons,  three  children's  meetiLrfi!  '"'^^'^'•^"eous  topics,  four  ser- 

Prayer-meeting,  t^^teTc  e  stn  e^^rtlTSr'  ^r^^"^°'^^'  ^^^^'" 

lustrated  lectures  on  Or\^..J      .  blackboard  meetings,  three 

two  lake  concerL  '  '"''°'"^'  *^^^^^  stereopticon  exhibitions. 

to.';3of^rm:dtot:irr:tnrt^^^^^^^  -^^^  — ^--^on; 

examination;  no  paoers  Ir.  t  .       V  u^'  ^  ''"^""'^  ^"^"^^^  the 
required,    .d  thus  1^/1  '"'  °^  ^'^'^'^  '^^  ^"^^"^^  ^he  standard 

Chautau^u    No  LM  Zr  ^w\  """''  "  "^"'"^  ^^  '«7S  of  the 
Otis  F  Presbrev  hi  '        '^  organization  was  effected  this  year 

YoifMrrw^^E^Kr^^^^^  ^-  Ostrander  of 'n::; 

Plainfield.  N.J.,  ./.  JwL!  Tnd  R^v-'flTo'd  '^'^f '  ,^^^-'  °^ 
O.,  j^r;^<fA,ry.  J-  ^-  Worden  of  Steubenville, 

bv  Miss  ^^',:^^:^zr::^^:;:^^^  tk'  •'" 

by  Miss  Lucy  J.  Rider  nispenng  to  the  Trees,"  with  music 

service  was  used.     Prof  W  F  «K«.    •  ,  "^  "^"^^  vesper- 

Howard  o£  New  Yorfp.^el.L  ™"erAdr  '''  """""  '"■  ^^  ''■ 
President  Lewis  Miller  Dr  P„.!  """■    '^''•''^ses  were  delivered  by 

der  Hod,e  (.hen^'l'lleX  t-O  'trsst^T^^L  "■  ^'"T 

rV  J^VoTf/lnr^Ed  ^•""""'  °'  *-"-'h  cl:^      ; 
Nichols  of  Ohio  Rev  HM  P  "f  "'""  °'  ^^^y^  Mr.  C.  M, 

of  Philadelphia  D^  WW  Wv^D  VZ'Z'  ^'^  ''''"'"  '^-^°""' 
Phia.     The  music  on  the  ij/     '  ,    ^^  "■  ""'"'"'•  """  °f  PhiUdel. 

.-.h..,  and  .;rB:ii*:.:;^: -Ltrrri::*j:xL^^^ '' -' 

The  normal  workers  for  the  season  of  rS,.  o       l 

Rev.  ,  S.  Ostrander.  Rev.  R.  S.  Grrne^Rfv^rTHS;  ^;Srd 


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Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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270  THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 

Morns,  Dr.  W.  A.  Niles,  Rev.  G.  A.  Peltz,  Dr.  S.  M  Vail    T   R   T„i. 
Esq..  George  H.  Babcock,  Esq.  '  ^'  ^'  ^y'*""' 

Lectures  and  addressej  were  delivered  bv  Dr   va^^^a  v    ^    . 

rl      u    \    c     ^^"'^^  °*  "^^'"^ ' "  ^''  H-  M.  Parsons,  "  The  Whole 
Church  m  the  Sunday  School ; "  Rev.  Alfred  Taylor,  "The  Child  and  hi 

SunTT^'     ^\'J-  ^^""'*  ^y'^^'  "Church  Training  and  Wort  t 
Sunaay  School;"  Dr.  J.  M.  Freeman,  "Country  Schools;  "  Dr   Warred 

.^T"het '7'%';!'""^*'°"^'  ^^^^°"  System;"  Dr.  W.  W.  wX 
of  Pro7T  ?'  '''r  "i'  f '  ^^--P*--  "lustrations  in  the  hrnds 
JJ^fJ'Jt^^'  ^'-  J-  ^-  ^*^d^"'  "The  Press  and  the  Sundav 
P  oS  '     f  \E-"y  «-t-gton  Miller,  "A  Parish  in  Fafrhaven  " 

Ful  on  "T^'r  ""'u'  "'''*''  S*"^'^^  '"  Character;"  Dr  JusJri 
Fulton.  "The  Force  that  Wins;"  Dr.  Theodore  L.  Cuyer." Some  Talks 
I  have  had  with  Great  Men ; "  Rev.  T.  L.  Flood.  "  Tempe  ance  -  Dr  T 
W  Axms^rong  of  Fredonia  Normal  College.  "Processes  of  Nature ;'' 
D  W.  H.  Perrme.  "Christian  Art;"  Dr.  T.  M  Reid  "Th^  Q.  ! 
School  and  the  Missionary  Cause ; "  Miss  FraLs  E  wluard  «  TempeT 
ance;"  Dr.  R.  M.  Hatfield.  "The  Perils  of  our  Youth- "Rev  T  S  O  " 

Ss?L;?et*Mf  "^^frr'"  ^^-  '•  ^-  ^^^:"^^ol^r 

MISS  Wattle  N.  Morns,  "Character-buildinc-"  Dr   William   r?   v 

hU  y^o,  Nature,-.  Dr.  Lhr'NeJ.      '^IS^^^^jT^t: ^t 
sT"   strr  '"  ^•'°^-^°'  Teaching;"  Dr.  e3 ourjIM': 

d  J  U  ToJ^r^H  '™'  "V""'  ""'°"  °"*75  was  a  vto  fron,  Pr«i. 

Miller  Hon.  W.  L.  Sesswns,  Judge  Lakin,  and  Alonzo  Kent  Eso 
When  the  President  was  presented  by  the  Superintendent  of  tatrncUon 
to  the  .mmen*:  audtenc.  in  the  auditorium,  the  enthusiasm  surp«sed  ^y 


ivr. 

Van  Lennep,  S. 

Miss  Hattie  N. 

^ail,  J.  B.  Tyler, 

ward  Eggleston, 
"Socrates;"  Dr. 
ns,"The  Whole 
he  Child  and  his 
g  and  Work  in 
> ;  "  Dr.  Warren 
W.  W.  Wythe, 
ns  in  the  hands 
nd  the  Sunday 
in  Fairhavenj" 
'  Dr.  Justin  D. 
sr,  "Some  Talks 
erance;"  Dr.  J. 
5s  of  Nature;" 

"The  Sunday 
Hard,  "Temper- 
'  Rev.  J.  S.  Os- 
'  Questioning;" 
liam  E.  Knox, 
"John  Knox;" 
L.  Niles,  "  The 
3l  Teacher  and 
hia,  "The  Ele- 
Tourj^e,  "Mu- 
)n.  Dr.  Richard 

Fowler.    The 
lance  of  2,997; 

isit  from  Presi- 
icompanied  by 
f  Connecticut. 
2sq.,  of  James- 
yacht  "Josie 
)od,  President 
0  Kent,  Esq. 
of  Instruction 
surpassed  any 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  271 

"  Like  the  surge  of  hidden  waters, 
Like  a  wordless  song, 
Deep  and  strong  the  breath  of  welcome 
Stirs  the  waiting  throng. 

"  Chorus.  -  Heart  and  voice,  awake  to  greet  him 
Who  our  hosts  has  led  I 
Let  the  true  heart  of  the  nation 
Greet  the  nation's  head  I 

"  Earnest  hearts  that  love  and  labor, 
Christian  hearts  that  pray. 
Builders  of  the  nation's  future. 
Greet  our  chief  to-day  1 

«  Not  in  royal  garments  stand  we, 
Not  in  jewels  rare ; 

But  the  children  of  the  nation, 
*  These  cur  jewels  are.' 

"Greet  him  1    Let  the  ah- around  him 
Benedictions  bear ; 
Let  the  hearts  of  all  the  people 
Circle  him  with  prayer." 

Addresses  were  then  delivered  by  Dr  Fowler  Mn«  oi- 
in  the  morning  by  Dr  C  F  DeeJl  f         t  •   ^  °^  ^^'^  "^•""^'^ 

1876. 
aI^L  ^,^"*''"^"^  movement  this  season  introduced  some  new  features 
f^noi;;:^""^""""^"*'  ^'^  '^^  "^--*^  Class  Bulletin'' w^the 


Pfffp* 


272 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


l!i 


—  Chautauqua  in  1876,  of  course. 

~  Chautauqua  would  be  a  good  substitute  for  the  Centennial 

bee7bum.  "^"^  '''""'"  °"  '^^  ''^'  '"'"'  ''''"  '■''^"'^'  '"^  °"«  "«^  °"«  has 

Phir^^f  v*'"*^"^  """^  ?u'  ""''""'"'  ''''^*^^"°"  ^"  •*^«'^-     Let  all  who  go  to 
llt^hXTu a"  ''^""""^-    ""  ^"  ^^°  --^*  «^  ^°  ^^"^^^'Ph'^. 

1  Tu^*^^  f^"''.  ^''^  '^^'^^'■"a'^'^'  the  model  of  Palestine,  the  model  of  Jerusa- 
em  the  Orientals  the  fountain,  the  statuary,  the  Oriental  House,  the  museum 
he  Pyramid  the  boats  the  bathing,  the  music,  the  normal-class  lessons,  the 
re-umons,  the  delightful  prayer-meetings,  the  alumni  association,  the  vesper 
services,  the  cornet,  the  piano,  ihe  songsters  of  the  South,  the  great  praise- 
TnH l^p  th;  n'ght<oncert3  on  the  lake,  the  bells  at  ten  and  the  bells  at  six, 
and  the  RAIN,  -  who  would  not  be  a  Chautauquan  ? 

f     ~"J^^  Chautauqua  Assembly  Herald"  will  be  published  at  Fair  Point 
from  Wednesday  morning,  July  26,  to   Friday  morning,  Aug.  ,8    Sundavs 
excepted     It  will  be  a  thirty-two-column  paper,  folio,  f^d  will  c  nfaif ful 
stenographic  reports  of  lectures,  sermons,  and  speeches,  a  column  of  persona 
Items,  local  news,  and  able  editorials  on  Sunday-school  and  church  work. 

,  ll""  Z"'^  ^°J  *^'  '^""^-'"''"  ^*  Chartauqua  was  divided  into  four  parts  • 
I.  J  heSaeniiJic  Conference  for  all  Bible  students  interested  in  the  present 
state  of  natural  science,  and  its  relations  to  the  Bible ;  beginning  Wednes- 
day  morning.  July  36,  and  lasting  for  three  days.  2.  The  Chautauqua 
Temperance  ConvenHon,  for  two  days.  July  29  and  30.  3.  The  Sunday, 
school  Assembly,  Aug.  1-15.    4.  The  Church  Congress,  Aug.  16-18 

At  the  Scientific  Congress,  lectures  were  delivered  by  Rev.  Dr.  Tames 
M  Buckley,  on  "The  Circle  of  the  Sciences;"  Dr.  E.  O.  Haven/cha" 

n^Sp  rft-r  RTr*''7''  ^'^'*""  °'  ''^^"'^^  S"^"-  '-  Mind 
and  Effect's  "  ?„^- ^«^^"  ^°;^!"'^«  ^^  ^^w  York.  "Heat,  its  Sources 
and  Effects     "Heat  converted  into  Light."  "Heat  and  Electricity" 

"tI  w     .    "'T°u'  t  ^°'^''*''  University.  "The  Physical  Forces'," 
The  Wonders  of  the  Sun; »  Dr.  E.  F.  Burr  of  Lyme.  Conn.,  "Celestial 
Magnitudes;"    Dr.  Alexander   Wincliell,   "  Rocks."   "  The    Geotla 
Structure  of  Chautauqua  Lake."  "Words  in  the  Rocks ;''  Dr   A   a 
Hodge.  "  Bible  Miracles  and  Modern  Science ;  "  Dr.  L.  T.  Townsend  of 

utnlL  bTSh""'?  i  '""^^'^  '^^^^^^^^^^^^  and  thrBearing 
upon  the  Bib  e  Idea  of  Heaven."  Professor  Doremus's  lectures  were 
niost  brilliantly  illustrated.  Scientific  conversazioni  were  held  on  the 
B°br"^.T?"'r  "''"'"''  D-crepancies  between  Science  and  the 
"Th/T...M!,  7T/"'m.  °^  ^'^'""'^^  *°  the  Religious  Thinker;" 
The  Best  Methods  of  familiarizing  the  People  with  Scientific  Subjects." 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  273 

tional,"  the  third  "chfmcZ™?^'     f    T™"     8"l''ei<:al  and  evolu- 

do  not  have  room  ff  t^m  'Sciemific  c 't"'"^'"    '  ™  '"'^  ' 
successful.  scienulic  Conference  was  in  every  wav 

-^^^^^^^t-^^^-:^  Address, 

about  Alcohol,"  by  Dr.  H.  W  War  en  H  S  f'' "°'  ^P'"^°"^' 
': Methods  of  Work;"  by  Rev  ^0^',  r  ^  ''  ^"^'^  ^°^'"*"'  ^'^ 
the  Cause-  Miss  Frances  EWmaTd  ^t2\?'^'''\^'^''''  °^ 
conferences  were  held,  in  which  the  folL-  ^^°''  "'*       P""*^*'^^! 

Dr.  G.  B.  Jocelyn  of  Michigan  Mr  TN  St  "^  ''T^/  P^'-^^^P^t^d  =  Rev. 
Stewart  of  Ohio.  Mi^s  F.Tw^  ,a!d  „f     ,     '  °^.^'^ ''^^^^ 

New  York.  Mrs.  ^..sions.^Mr^D  wl  r's  ^  b""'  n°^T  °^ 
Strong,  and  the  Superintendent  of  InsTruc^ion     A..!'  '  ^''  ^^'""^^ 

by  Rev.  Dr.  Jocelyn.  on  Isa.  xxviii  u  ro  Th"  A  TT  """'  P'""""^^'* 
of  jubilee  singers  was  in  attendlnce  '    ^'  '^^''^^-Carolinian  "  band 

w.^F.%rwin^rp^r :Vd^h^    ^^^"^"^'  ^"^-  ^-  ^-^«- 

1874  was  used.    Brief  adLst !  5  , ''"^'"^-    ^he  vesper-service  of 

of  Philadelphia;  Drorp^r^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^-^olph 

Townsend  of  Iowa  who  snotrf  ?u  .  ^'^'"^'°"'  ^-C-  Prof.  A.  F. 
T.  L.  Flood  of  Ja.^;^!^;^^^^^^^^^^^  at  C,ear  Lake;  Rev. 

Rev.  H.  M.  Sanders  of  Y^nkers   N  V     J^^^^.^^^^  Assembly  Herald;" 

Sunday-School  Ti.es."  ^:i2^^Zr^''^t ^Jr^'  °^  "^^^ 
short  speech  in  Arabic  anH  r.:r.X  •  il  .  '  ^^"  Lennep  made  a 
can  of  London,  Eng    ;X  of  ^^^^^^^^^  '^  -^  Mr.  W.  Aver  Dun- 

were  also  delivered  Ly'^Sr  W  ^  K„of  n  t  °""^  ^'"^"'=^-  Addresses 
Professor  Sherv.n.  Rev  Dr  B^^  h'w  w^'"'"  ''^^°"'  ^^^"'^  ^eard. 

The  "  SuperinteVden   of  Instruction^'  "^'  ^''  ""'  ^^  ^'^^h^^^' 

by  Rev.  J.  A.  Worden  Rev  L  H-r/\"'!^'  '"  ^'^  "°™^'  --^ 
Ostrander.  Dr.  Lyman  Abbo«  Dr  S  M  Va',  P  ^' ^'^  ^^""^P'  J'  «• 
Dr.   Knox,  Rev.   S    McGera  H    t  Jf  '  ^"^^  ^-  ^-  ^''eene,  Mrs. 

Rider.  C.  B.  Stout  DrHS  ok''"'  ^'"''■'  ^""^  ^^^rd.  Lucy  J. 
Walcott  Calkins     Each  dlLef^^^^^^  °'  ^fT"^   ^°"^^^'  ^-•^^• 

P-on.     The.u,ectsr;^ir;^-r^--^^^ 


iiiflj 


I' 


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274 


T//£  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


fj  ii 


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four  public  platform  reviews  conducted  by  the  "  Superintendent  of  Instruc- 
tion," when  the  outlines  of  the  whole  work  were  passed  over  once  more. 
Monday  afternoon,  Aug.  7,  at  a  normal-class  conversazione  held  in  the 
pavilion,  a  committee  of  seven  was  appointed  to  consider  the  practica- 
bility of  preparing  a  "Chautarqua  Normal  Course  of  Study."  This 
committee  met,  and  on  Tuesday,  Aug.  8,  made  a  report  recommending 
the  appointment  of  a  committee  of  nine  for  the  preparing  of  this  list  of 
lessons.  The  report  was  adopted,  and  eleven  persons  appointed.  For 
the  substance  of  their  report,  see  pp.  57,  58  of  this  volume.  On  Friday, 
Aug.  II,  the  annual  address  was  delivered  before  the  Chautauqua 
Alumni,  by  Rev.  Dr.  O.  H.  Tiffany.  On  Monday,  Aug.  14,  ninety-eight 
persons  presented  themselves  for  examination,  eighty-four  of  whom  passed 
successfully,  and  received  diplomas,  and  became  members  of  the  "Chau- 
tauqua Alumni." 

The  children's  meeting  was  inaugurated  this  season.  The  first  meet- 
ing was  held  on  Wednesday  morning,  Aug.  2,  Rev.  J.  S.  Ostrander  in 
charge ;  and  addresses  were  delivered  by  Rev.  J.  L.  Hurlbut,  Rev.  B.  T. 
Vincent,  and  others.  Later  on,  the  children's  meeting  (now  called  "  The 
Boys'  and  Girls'  Class  ")  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Rev.  B.  T.  Vincent 
and  Frank  Beard. 

Lectures  and  addresses  were  delivered  during  the  Assembly  of  '76  as 
follows-  Dr.  W.  E.  Knox,  "The  Old-Testament  Severities;"  Dr.  Warren 
Randolph,  "  Hopeful  Aspects  of  the  Sunday-school  Cause ; "  Rev.  Dr. 
Lyman  Abbott,  "  Biblical  Interpretation ;  "  Dr.  George  P.  Hays,  "  How 
to  Reason ; "  Dr.  R.  M.  Hargrove  of  Tennessee,  "  Childhood  and  the 
Sunday-school  Work;  "  Frank  Beard,  "Our  School  "  {caricature  lecture), 
"The  Beautiful,"  "The  Use  of  the  Blackboard;"  Rev.  J.  S.  Ostrander, 
"  Illustrations  of  Oriental  Life ; "  Rev.  Dr.  A.  N.  Cowles,  "  Primitive 
Christians  in  Rome  ;  "  Rev.  Dr.  G.  .  Woodruff,  "  Bright  Days  in  For- 
eign Lands ; "  Rev.  Alfred  Taylor,  '  Good  Health  for  Sunday-school 
Teachers ; "  Rev.  Dr.  A.  J.  Baird  of  Tennessee,  "  Going  Fishing  with 
Peter;  "  Rev.  J.  A.  Worden,  "  What  a  Presbyterian  thinks  of  John  Wes- 
ley ; "  Professor  William  Wells,  LL.D.,  "  Bismarck  and  the  Pope ; "  Prof, 
L.  T.  Townsend,  "  Paul's  Cloak  left  at  Troas ; "  Dr.  Richard  Newton. 
"  The  Sunday-school  Teacher's  Work,  How.  to  do  it ;  "  C.  B.  Stout,  Esq.," 
"Common-sense  in  Crayon;"  Bishop  J.  T.  Peck,  "The  Transcendental 
in  Theology; "  Rev.  Walcott  Calkins,  "The  Fast  Young  Man;  "  M.  C. 
Hazard,  Esq.,  "The  Dynamics  of  Sunday-school  Teaching;"  Rev. 
Thomas  K.  Beecher,  "  Thoughts  for  Advanced  Sunday-school  Workers ;  " 
Rev.  Dr.  W.  A.  Niles,  "The  Pastor  and  the  Little  Children;"  Rev 
Walter  Condict,  *'  The  Sabbath." 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  275 

dul'frj  J""^'!^^*''°"«'  S.T.D.,  of  Drew  Theological  Seminary,  con- 
Heb  ew  trr  ^T  r^'"^"*  G-^"^'  -d  Dr.  S.  M.  Vail  a  class  in 
Hebrew  Mr.  A  O.  Van  Lennep  gave  peripatetic  lectures  on  the  Park 
of  Palestine;  and  Rev.  S.  McGerald.  on  the  Model  of  Jerusalem.  Two 
or  three  impressive  "eventide  conferences"  were  held  in  the  Pavilion 

ProTV'ni^'°^'"'r^^°J..'^'''''°"°^  X876  contains  the  names  of 
Prof  W.  F.  Sherwin.  P.  P.  Bliss,  the  North  Carolinians,  the  Wyoming 

cabt?""  ""'  ""t'  "''^  -^trumental  accompaniment. 'p"no! 
cabinet-organs,  cornet,  and  the  Mayville  Brass  Band,     in  the  a  te^noor^ 

field^;^d ^plirN^V^  ^^'■'°^'^'  ^°"^^^^  --  ^--  'y  «^"«-  ^^  West- 
A  unique  exercise  was  a  Specimen  Sunday  School  held  in  the  Audito- 
rmm  on  Friday.  Aug.  4.  Lewis  Miller  as  supermtendent.  with  a  full  co  p" 
of  officers  and  teachers,  and  a  regular  working-session  of  a  model  schol 
Ihe  Centenmal  of  our  American  Independence  was  observed  at 
Chautauqua  A  centennial  service  was  held  on  Saturday.  Aug.  5.  Bishop 
Simpson  who  had  consented  to  deliver  the  oration.  L  unable  on  a' 
count  of  Illness     o  be  present;  and  addresses  were  delivered  by  Dr  • 

L  Dr  A   ^B     /77'r;f '  ""■•  J^"^^  ^'^^^  °^  Toronto.  Ont.; 
Rev.  Dr.  A.  J.  Baird  of  Nashville,  Tenn.;  Mr.  W.  Aver  Duncan  of  Lon 

don,  England;  and  Dr.  W.  E.  Knox  of  Elmira.  N.Y.    A  "ChUdren's 

Centennial"  meeting  was  held  in  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  whh 

addresses  by  Dr.  J.  L.  Hurlbut  and  Mr.  Frank  Beard.    In   he  even^nran 

impressive  Bible-service,  "  The  Voice  of  the  Sea,"  was  conducted  on  the 

shore  of  the  lake  by  Prof.  W.  F.  Sherwin.  after  ;hich  the  No   h  Car^' 

S  "Tve'ssTt^'  °'  ^'T""^^-  ^^'^ '"  ^^^  ^-"-^'  - "  ■""-f-t  d 

on  Lf  J     ,     •      \'  '"^  ''"'"'  ^''""'^'"^  ^'^h  lanterns,  n,  .ved  about 
on  the  lake,  closing  the  entertainment  with  a  grand  displa^  of  fireworks 
which  appropriately  completed  the  exercises  of  "Centennial  Day"    A 
centennial  service  was  also  held  on  Saturday,  Aug.  12,  when  an  addresl 
was  delivered  on  "  The  Century,"  by  Dr.  O.  H.  TFffar^ .     A  "  Centenn  a 
Tree-planting  "was  observed  with  appropriate  ceremonies  on  the  same 

Sermons  were  preached  during  the  Assembly  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  H  M 
Sanders  of  Yonkers,  N.Y.;  Dr.  A.  J.  Baird  of  Nashville,  Tenn.T  Dr 
George  P.  Hays  of  Washington.  Penn.;  Dr.  Hargrove  of  Nashville    D  .' 

H.  Payne  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Walcott  Calkins  of  Buffalo 

A  u.  °^^  "^"''*  "°"'^'"  ''"°^"  ^""^  y^ars  as  "The  Ark"  ("Knower's 
Ark,"  as  Frank  Beard  called  it),  for  the  accommodation  of  d  stiSh  d 
guests,  was  opened  in  1876.  One  is  not  able  to  tell  all  the  Zes  of 
misery,  mirth,  and  music,  which  are  associated  with  "  TAe  Ark^    It  was 


Pint' 


j 


Pi: 


liliil. 


Iter 


276 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


•■     \\ 


removed  a  year  or  two  ago,  to  another  part  of  the  grounds.  Many  old 
Chautauquans  still  cling  to  it  in  spite  of  its  rustic  character  and  insuffi- 
cient accommodations. 

The  Sunday  school  on  Aug.  6  reported  a  grand  total  of  1,549;  and 
Sunday,  Aug.  13,  of  1,403. 

The  farewell  meeting  was  held  on  Tuesday,  Aug.  15,  at  eight  o'clock. 
Addresses  were  delivered  by  Lewis  Miller  and  Dr.  Wythe.  Prof.  P.  P. 
Bliss  sang  a  song;  and  the  Superintendent  of  Instruction,  after  a  few 
remarks,  announced  the  close  of  the  Third  Annual  Sunday-school  Assem- 
bly. 

The  Church  Congress  opened  on  Tuesday  evening,  Aug.  15,  with  a 
service  of  praise  and  prayer  conducted  by  Prof.  P.  P.  Bliss,  and  a  sermon 
by  Rev.  Dr.  C.  N.  Sims  on  "The  Vicarious  Sacrifice  of  Christ."  On 
Wednesday  morning  an  address  was  delivered  by  the  Superintendent  of 
Instruction,  on  "  The  Place  for  the  Book."  A  conference  on  "  The  Laity 
and  Church  Activities  "  was  held  at  2  p.m.  ;  and  at  3  p.m.  Dr.  T.  De  Witt 
Talmage  of  Brooklyn  gave  a  lecture  On  "  People  we  meet."  Dr.  Sims 
lectured  in  the  evening,  on  "  Church  Leadership."  On  Thursday  morn- 
ing, Aug.  17,  a  conference  of  church-workers  was  held  by  Rev.  Dr.  D.  P. 
Kidder,  on  "  The  Pastor's  Work."  Bishop  R.  S.  Foster  spoke  at  eleven 
o'clock  on  "The  Elements  of  Power  in  Church  and  Pulpit."  At  the 
close  of  the  Bishop's  address.  Dr.  Talmage  gave  a  brief  address  on  "  How 
to  Start  Preaching."  At  2  p.m.  Dr.  Payne  lectured  on  "  How  to  secure  a 
Revival.'*  At  4  p.m.  Rev.  George  A.  Hall  delivered  an  address  on  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  He  was  followed  with  remarks  by 
Mr.  Cree  and  Dr.  Presbrey.  At  7  p.m.  the  Assembly  Chapel,  built  for  the 
use  of  the  residents  upon  the  grounds,  was  dedicated  with  appropriate 
services.  Bishop  Foster  preaching  in  the  evening  from  Isa.  ix.  6. 

On  Friday  morn'ng  at  eight  o'clock  Prof.  W.  C.  Wilkinson  delivered 
a  lecture  on  "  Maxims  for  Pulpit  and  Pew."  A  discussion  followed,  par- 
ticipated in  by  Bishop  Foster,  T.  P.  Warner,  Dr.  O.  F.  Presbrey,  and 
others.  The  doxology  was  sung,  and  Bishop  Foster  pronounced  the 
benediction. 

The  Chautauqua  Song  of  1876,  "  Arise  and  Shine,"  beginning,  "  Lift 
up,  lift  up  thy  voice  with  singing,"  was  written  by  Miss  Mary  A.  Lath- 
bury,  and  the  music  by  P.  P.  Bliss. 

1877. 

During  this  year  the  name  "Fair  Point"  was  transformed  to  "Chau- 
tauqua." There  were  two  or  three  reasons  for  this  change.  Many  letters 
addressed  to  "Fair  Point"  went  to  "Fairport,"  another  post-office  in 


i\  of  1,549;  and 


T//E  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  277 

New- York  State.  The  Managers  of  the  Assembly  thought  it  but  iust 
hat  the  movement  which  had  done  so  n.uch  towards  giving  C  autau^ua 
Lake  and  the  word  "Chautauqua"  a  world-wide  repufation  should  have 
the  honor  and  advantage  of  the  name  itself.  The  use  of  the  word  in  the 
advertismg  of  other  centres  on  the  lake  made  it  a  business  necessity  that 
the  Assembly  should  retain  and  emphasize  what  was  practically  tsUiti 
mate  trade-mark.  Application  was  therefore  made  to  the  Unit  d-S  at  s 
authoru.es  to  call  our  place  simply  "Chautauqua."  The  request  was 
promptly  granted ;  and  since  that  time  the  site  of  the  Assembly'Sas  blen 
called,  and  will  for  all  time  be  called,  "  Chautauqua  » 

The  meetings  for  1877  covered  twenty  days. -Aug.  4-21  The  nrn 
gramme  was  distributed  into  seven  departments:  z.  Ihe  cL j/  7^! 
form  discussmg  m  lectures  and  conferences  the  work  of  the  Societies  for 
the  Suppression  of  Vice,  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals.  Prevention 
of  Cruelty  to  Children.  Prison  Reform,  and  Temperance.  2.  The  CW 
Congress,  d^cussmg  m  lectures,  sermons,  and  conferences  the  work  ofThe 

Hfbt?b  rs  M  V  ',  """'.'  ''"^^""^^  '''  ^^- J^'"-  Strong  and  I 
Hebrew.by  Dr  S.  M.Vail ;  conferences,  class-drills,  Bible-readings,  lectures 

slso?"4'^^  L^^rtVr1^>^^^  '^''  °^  ^^^  P-gramL  fHis 
season.    4.  Sabbath  school  Work,  nicluding  catechetical  drills,  conversa- 

.ons,  lectures,  children's  meetings,  with  conferences  on  home  and  primary 

ctrtr      tt'-  ^"t"'  "^"^'^  "'^''^^  ^"  ^^77  was  of  the  most  thorough 
character.    Every  subject  of  study  was  opened  in  a  preparatory  treatment 
by    he  Supermtendent  of  Instruction;  after  that  came  the  catecheTica 
.t'i'  '\    u  ^^'^^^^"■^^"ts,  under  wise  instructors;  followed  by  the  third 
stage,  which  was  that  of  review,  in  which  all  the  sections  were  united  and 
he  knowledge  of  the  students  tested  by  questions  upon  the  portion  of 
the  course  pursued.    After  this  each  instructor  stated  before  all  the  classes 
and  his  fellow-teachers  his  own  methods  of  teaching,  and  then  profit "; 
the  written  criticisms  of  the  normal  members  themselves.    The  fourth 
step  was  that  of  the  final  review,,  where  the  whole  work  was  again  exam 
med,  the  student's  attainments  measured,  and  he  thus  prepared  forTe 
final  exammation.    Normal  conductors'  meetings  were  Lo  held.     6 
ScufUtfic  with  lectures  and  scientific  conversazioni.    7.  Recreative,  includ^ 
;:ftfu;  :td  tSr"^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^-^^  programme  desired  to  prove 
Among  the  distinguished  lecturers  of  the  season  were  the  following- 
Mr.  Anthony  Comstock  of  New  York,  who  lectured  on  the  "Society"? 

"ThfrcTrt  ^"^"^^J"''  ^-  ^-  ^^""'^"  ^'  Washington.  Dc!  on 
The  Peculiar  Christian  Reformatory  Forces."  and  on  "The  Far  East;" 


'i.ii:  1 


\wm 


!1 


f'i    I 


!^  i 


f-     !i^ 

i  ^1 


i !' 


278 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


Francis  Murphy,  on  "Temperance;"  Frank  Beard,  "Crayon  Sketches 
illustrating  Reform ; "  Rev.  Dr  W.  W.  Ramsey,  "  The  Church  and  Tem- 
perance;" Rev.  Dr.  H.  W.  Warren,  "The  Forces  in  a  Sunbeam;"  John 
B.  Gough,  on  "  Eloquence  and  Orators ; "  Rev.  W.  F.  Crafts,  on  "  Relish 
for  Bible-reading,"  "  Methods  of  Bible  Study,"  "  Use  of  your  Bible ; " 
Rev.  Joseph  Cook,  on  "  Certainties  in  Religion,"  "  God  in  Natural  Law," 
"  Ni;w-England  Scepticism,"  "  The  Decline  of  Rationalism  in  the  German 
Universities;"  Rev.  J.  S.  Ostrander,  "Oriental  Illustrations;"  Bishop 
J.  T.  Peck,  "  Science  and  the  Spirit  World ; "  James  L.  Hughes,  Esq.,  of 
Toronto,  Ont,  "  True  Object  Teaching ; "  Dr.  George  P.  Hays,  "  Plain 
Answers  to  Flippant  Questions ; "  Prof.  R.  N.  Greene,  of  Ontario,  deaf- 
mute,  in  a  pantomimic  lecture ;  Dr.  Ira  G.  Bidwell,  "  The  Conflict  of 
Ages ;  "  Dr.  J.  M.  Buckley,  "  Studies  in  Human  Nature,"  and  "  Imitation 
and  Emulation;"  Dr.  P.  S.  Henson,  "Fools;"  Rev.  Dr.  C.  E.  Felton, 
"  Palestine  as  seen  through  the  Eyes  of  the  Bible ; "  A.  O.  Van  Lennep, 
"  Bible  Orientalisms ;  "  Mrs.  G.  R.  Alden  ("  Pansy  "),  on  "  What  not  to 
do,"  also  "  Thr  e  Sunday  Schools ; "  Philip  Phillips,  "  Sunday-school 
Music ; "  Dr.  R.  Ogden  Doremus,  "  The  Spirits  of  the  Air,"  "  The  Spirit 
of  Spirits,"  also  "  Divers  Spirits ; "  Frank  Beard,  "  People  who  come 
and  Some  who  do  not  come  to  Chautauqua; "  Dr.  Lyman  Abbott,  "  Why 
I  teach  in  the  Sunday  School ; "  Dr.  C.  F.  Deems,  "The  Bible  and  Modern 
Science;"  Dr.  E.  F.  Burr,  "Telescopes  and  the  Wonders  they  tell;" 
Prof.  S.  A.  Lattimore,  "  The  Microscope  and  its  Uses,"  also  "  Electricity ; " 
Prof.  B.  P.  Bowne,  "  The  Foundations :  a  Philosophical  Lecture,"  also 
"The  Postulates  of  Scientific  Knowledge;"  Dr.  W.  W.  Wythe,  "Na- 
ture's Mechanics ; "  Professor  Lacroix,  "  The  Literature  of  Science ; "  Dr. 
A.  T.  Pierson,  "  Scientific  Thinking." 

In  the  normal  work,  the  Superintendent  of  Instruction  was  assisted  by 
Mrs.  Emily  Huntington  Miller,  of  Evanston,  111.,  who  gave  a  number  of 
delightful  papers  on  "  The  Relations  of  Home  to  Sunday-school  Work ; " 
and  by  Rev.  W.  F.  Crafts  and  wife.  In  addition  to  the  normal  assistants 
of  other  years.  Rev.  B.  T.  Vincent,  Rev.  Charles  Rhoades,  Rev.  A.  D. 
Morton,  Rev.  J.  B.  Atchison,  and  James  Hughes  gave  valuable  help. 

The  "  Chautauqua  Salute  "  was  introduced  for  the  first  time  on  the 
occasion  of  the  charming  pantomimic  lecture  delivered  at  the  old  audi- 
torium. The  waving  of  white  handkerchiefs  by  the  people,  in  expression 
to  the  deaf  man  of  the  high  appreciation  of  his  silent  lecture,  was  remark- 
able, brilliant,  and  effective.  The  "  Chautauqua  Salute  "  (the  "blooming 
of  the  white  lilies  ")  has  been  given  since  then  on  special  occasions,  and, 
by  an  unwritten  law  of  the  Assembly,  only  at  the  suggestion  and  under 
the  direction  of  the  Superintendent  of  Instruction. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  279 

The  children's  meeting  every  morning,  under  the  direction  of  Rev  li 
TJmcent  and  Frank  Beard,  was  this  season  fully  established,  and  the 
Mmutes  of  the  Children's  Hour  "  published  by  the  papyrogranh  process 
It  was  edited  by  both  Mr.  Vincent  and  Mr.  Beard. 

Two  competitive  examinations  were  held  in  August.-one  Tuesday 
Aug.  14  to  accommodate  persons  who  were  not  able  to  remain  until  the 
close  of  the  Assembly;  the  other  on  the  morning  of  Tuesday.  Aug.  2,. 
Fifty  persons  presented  themselves  as  candidates  for  the  first  examina- 
tion, and  about  three  hundred  for  the  second 

seaJo'n  of  T,'  '  T  "'f  7  '"''"^'^^  °'  ^'^  ^'^^^  '"  "«^'«*  ^"""g  »he 
season  of  1877.     1  en  lectures  were  given  on  the  Palestine  Tark.    A  dailv 

microscopical  exhibition  was  given  by  Professor  LatUmore  and  his  culti^ 
vated  and  am.able  daughters  Miss  Rose  and  Miss  Lida 

''The  Assembly  Daily  Herald"  continued  to  give  reports  of  every 
days  proceedings.  The  speaker's  stand  had  been  raised  and  enlarged 
arid  moved  forward  some  twenty  feet.  The  calcium  lights  were  placed 
this  year  upon  raised  platforms,  which  greatly  increased  their  effective- 
ness.  ^The  pavilion  was  removed  from  the  stumpy  centre  on  the  hill  to 
he  natural  amphitheatre  south  of  the  dining-hall  and  west  of  the  great 
tent  (where  the  amphitheatre  now  stands).  The  bells  were  this  year 
moved  from  the  dock  to  the  hill  between  the  Chapel  and  the  Pavilion 
Phinin^^T.'  ^f^/";;^'-;?^  direction  of  Prof.  W.  F.  Sherwin  and  Philip 

concerts.  The  alumm  banquet  annual  meeting  was  held  on  Thursday 
evening.  Aug.  x6.    On  Friday  evening.  Aug.  xo.  was  held  a  memoS 

Dr  T  M  fT7  V":  :''''  °'  Chautauqua." -Bishop  E.  S.  Janes. 
Dr.  T.  M.  Eddy,  Dr.  G.  B.  Jocelyn,  and  P.  P.  Biiss  and  wife.  The  service 
was  very  impressive.    A  song  composed  by  Miss  Lathbury  beginning  "  O 

las  sunVn  t-"  "'  •'''  ""^"  •  "  "^'"^  ""^'^  ^y  P^°^-  W.  F.  Ghefwin. 
was  sung  on  this  occasion. 

The  season  of  1877  gave  us  several  ncv  Chautauqua  songs,  words  by 

'When  the  d"  \'"7'  '"!?  ""^''^  '^  ^^^'^  ^^  ^'  S'^™"' -  ^^"-s : 
When  the  day  is  high  and  clear;"  the  Morning  song  of  praise,  begin- 
ning. "Incense  from  dews  of  the  morning;"  Evening  song  of  praise 
beginning.  ..Day  is  dying  in  the  west;"  Alumni  ..«^.  beginnin^^  "7^' 
Seld  ofiiie."  ™""''^  '"""^ ' "  ^'""^^  '""'"  ^'^'""^"S.  "  Break  Thou  the 

1878. 
The  Chautauqua  meetings  for  1878  opened  on  Saturday,  Aug.  3,  and 
dosed  on  Thursday,  Aug.  22.     The  principal  events  of  this  year  ft  Chau 
tauqua  were  the  dedication  of  the  children's  temple,  and  the  organizatioa 


28o 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


,:»,, 


{    ;■ 


of  the  "Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle."  The  children's 
temple  was  dedicated  on  the  opening  day,  with  addresses  by  Dr.  W.  E. 
Knox,  Bishop  R.  S.  Foster,  Lewis  Miller,  Esq.,  Rev.  Dr.  Cooper,  Rev. 
B.  T.  Vincent,  and  Prof.  W.  F.  Shcrwin. 

The  "C.  L.  S.  C."  was  organized  on  Saturday,  Aug.  lo,  at  10.30  A.M. 
For  a  full  account  of  this  opening,  see  pp.  79-112, 

On  Saturday  afternoon,  Aug.  17,  at  four  o'clock,  St.  Paul's  Grove  was 
dedicated.  The  Superintendent  of  Instruction  gave  an  address  explaining 
the  design  of  the  n-anagement  in  providing  a  grove  for  the  "C.  L.  S.  C." 
He  was  followed  by  Gov.  Colquitt.  Bishop  Foster  delivered  the  dedi- 
catory prayer,  and  a  dedicatory  hymn  written  by  Dr.  Hyde  was  sung  by 
Professo:  Sherwln  and  his  choir. 

This  was  "  the  year  of  the  telescopes  "  at  Chautauqua.  One  instru- 
ment was  gener'^usly  loaned  by  Mount  Union  College,  r  d  superintended 
by  Professor  C.ark  of  that  institution.  A  smaller  instrument  was  used  by 
Mr.  White  of  Castile,  N.Y.  The  Department  of  Microscopy  was  also 
held  under  the  direction  of  the  Misses  Lattimore. 

The  following  were  the  principal  speakers  of  1878 :  Hon.  Horace 
Bemis,  on  "Temperance;"  Dr.  R.  M.  Hatfield;  Prof.  William  Mason 
Evans;  Dr.  J.  M.  Reid,  on  "Missionary  Work;"  Rev.  R.  B.  Hull, 
on  "  The  Minister  in  the  Pulpit ; "  Rev,  R.  G.  Seymour,  "  A  Week  of 
Work  in  my  Church ; "  Bishop  R,  S,  Foster,  on  "  The  Minister  in  his 
Study,"  and  "Beyond  the  Grave;"  Rev,  Dr.  Alfred  Wheeler,  "Religion 
and  Politics ;  "  Dr,  C,  H.  Fowler,  "  The  Bible  the  Prophet  of  Science  ; " 
Rev.  J.  S.  Ostrander,  "  Bible  Manners  and  Customs  illustrated;"  Dr.  Ira 
G.  Bidwell,  "  Studies  among  the  Shadows  and  Sources  of  English  Litera- 
ture;" Frank  Beard,  "A  Chalk  Talk,"  "The  Telephone,  Phonograph, 
and  Some  Other  Things ; "  Dr,  J.  F,  Hurst,  "  How  England  became  a 
Protestant  Nation;"  Dr.  John  Lord,  "Queen  Elizabeth,"  "Cromwell," 
"  Burke ; "  Rev.  Joseph  Cook,  "  Lost  Souls  under  Natural  Law,"  "  Saved 
Souls  under  Natural  Law;"  Rev.  J.  G.  Townsend,  "John  Milton;" 
Rev.  Alfred  Taylor,  "Oddest  People;"  Dr.  H.  W.  Warren,  "The 
Heavens  Visible  at  Chautauqua,"  "  The  Significance  of  the  Universe , " 
Rev.  C.  W.  Gushing,  "  The  World  without  the  Bible ; "  Professor  William 
North  Rice,  "  The  Conflict  of  Science  and  Religion ;  "  Dr.  L.  H.  Bugbee, 
"  The  Intuitive  in  Christianity ; "  Dr.  T.  DeWitt  Talmage,  "  Big  Blun- 
ders ;  "  Dr.  C.  F.  Deems,  "The  Superstitions  of  Science." 

There  were  four  Reform  Councils;  four  Church  Colloquies;  four 
"  C.  L.  S.  C."  Students'  Sessions  (devoted  to  English  history) ;  six 
lectures  on  English  history;  four  "C.  L.  S.  C."  astronomical  lessons 
conducted  by  Dr.  H.  W.  Warren,  on  "  Measurements  of  Celestial  Move- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


281 


10,  at  10.30  A.M. 


rncnts,"«'The  Sun,"  "Our  Neighbors  the  Plane cs,"  and  "The  Universe 
Heyond. , 

On  Tuesday,  Aug.  6,  the  interesting  meeting  reported  on  pp.  26,  27,  was 
held  in  the  Temple,  when  Baptist,  Congregational,  Methodist-Episcopal, 
and  Presbyterian  brethren  reported  the  distinctive  organization,  doctrine, 
and  customs  of  their  respective  churches.     Prof.  B.  P.  Bowne  conducted 
scientific  conversazioni  on  the  "Relation  of   Ethics  to  Atheism,  or.  Is 
there  Morality  without  God.'"  "Relation  of  the  Doctrine  of   Efficient 
Causes  to  Belief  in  Purpose ;  "  "  Present  Aspects  of  Materialism."    Miss 
Rosa  Lattimore  conducted  a  scientific  conversazione  on  "An  Hour  with 
the  Microscope;"  Dr.  Strong,  another  hour  on  "How  to  promote  the 
•Popular  Study  of  Science."    There  were  this  year  several  superior  con- 
certs  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  C.  C.  Case  and  Prof.  W.  F.  Sherwin 
assisted  by  Miss  Belle   McClintock  of  Meadville,  Penn.;      ocutionary 
readings  by  Professor  Lowell  Mason ;  lectures  o^  the  Park  of  Palestine 
and  the  Model  of  Jerusalem;   platform-meetings  especially  devoted  to 
Sunday-school  work ;  vesper  services,  even-songs,  Sunday-school  sessions : 
sermons  by  Dr.  W.  E.  Knox,  Dr.  R.  M.  Hatfield,  Dr.  A.  N.  Craft,  and 
Dr.  Ira  G.  Bidwell;  a  question-drawer  lecture  by  Rev.  Joseph  Cook-  the 
pilgrimage  of  the  children  through  Palestine,  under  the  direction  of  Mr 
McGerald;  the  alumni  re-union  and  annual  illuminated  fleet;  and  enter- 
talnments  in  magic  by  Professor  Coville. 

One  of  the  most  important  events  of  the  seaaon  was  the  visit  of  a 
distinguished  guest, -Gov.  A.  H.  Colquitt  of  Georgia,  President  of  the 
International  Sunday-school  Convention.  There  was  a  public  reception 
given  him  on  Thursday,  Aug.  15. 

On  Thursday,  Aug.  22,  the  closing  day,  there  was  a  brilliant  Chautauqua 
Procession,  a  custom  observed  for  several  years. 

Our  excellent  Dr.  W.  W.  Wythe  was  absent  ihis  year  for  the  first  time 
since  the  organization  of  Chautauqua. 

In  the  Normal  Department  there  was  a  special  examination  on  the 
morning  of  Aug.  14,  when  twenty  persons  presented  themselves  as  candi- 
dates.  The  regular  examination  took  place  on  Wednesday,  Aug.  21,  more 
than  one  hundred  and  forty  persons  passing  the  examination,  and  becoming 
members  of  the  Chautauqua  Normal  Alumni  Association. 


IWi 


1879. 


1879  was  an  eventful  year  at  Chautauqua  It  was  the  first  year  of  the 
Chautauqua  Normal  School  of  Languages,  which  opened  July  17,  and 
closed  Aug.  28;  the  Chautauqua  Teachers'  Retreat,  holding  from  Tuly  17 


31 


282 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


!.  I 


I     J 


to  Aug.  I ;  the  Chautauqua  Foreign  Missionary  Institute,  from  Aug.  2 
to  Aug.  5 ;  the  Sixth  Annual  Sunday-school  Assembly,  from  Aug.  5  to 
Aug.  21. 

This  year  the  great  Amphitheatre,  and  also  the  Hall  of  Philosophy, 
were  dedicated.  In  every  respect  the  programme  was  richer  and  stronger 
than  ever  before.  It  is  impossible  from  this  time  forward  to  give  a  com- 
plete list  of  the  lecturers  and  their  lectures  during  the  entire  Chautauqua 
season;  and  a  full  programme  of  Chautauqua  meetings  would  itself 
require  a  large  volume. 

Among  our  distinguished  lecturers  were  Bishop  Harris,  Bishop  Simp- 
son. Rev.  W.  O.  Simpson  of  England,  Dr.  R.  L.  Dashiell,  Dr.  N.  G. 
Clark,  Dr.  H.  W.  Warren,  Rev.  Dr.  Peddie,  Dr.  j.  M.  Buckley,  Frank* 
Beard,  Dr.  Daniel  Curry,  Prof.  J.  W.  Churchill,  Dr.  James  Strong,  Dr. 
C.  H.  Fowler,  Joseph  Cook,  Bishop  Foster,  Dr.  John  Lord,  Dr.  J.  P 
Newman,  Hon.  J.  W.  Wendling,  Dr.  C.  H.  Payne,  Dr.  J.  T.  Cooper, 
Prof.  B.  P.  Bowne,  Dr.  Archibald  Alexander  Hodge,  Dr.  George  Dana 
Boardman,  Dr.  G.  D.  B.  Pepper,  Dr.  E.  O.  Haven. 

The  Chautauqua  Normal  Scheme  embraced  lessons  on  the  Text-Book, 
its  contents,  its  study,  the  school  of  the  Book,  the  teachers  of  the  Book, 
and  special  stud  j  in  the  Book,  together  with  afternoon  lessons  in  Bible 
geography.  The  music  was  under  the  direcdon  of  Prof.  C.  C.  Case  and 
Prof.  W.  F.  Sherwin.  Round-tables  were  held  in  the  Hall  of  Philosophy, 
for  conversation  on  the  work  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  for  criticisms,  and  for 
students'  sessions.  The  anniversary  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  and  of  the  dedi- 
cation of  St.  Paul's  Grove,  and  the  usual  alumni  re-union,  were  held. 
Denominational  congresses  were  held  on  Wednesday  and  Thursday,  Aug. 
13  and  14.  The  following  denominations  were  represented:  Bapti^i, 
Ccigregational,  Lutheran,  Methodist-Episcopal,  Presbyterian,  Protestant- 
Ei-      opal,  United  Presbyterian. 

A  the  philosophical  and  theological  lectures,  at  eight  o'clock  every 
morning,  ministers  of  the  following  denominations  were  present :  Baptist, 
Free-Will  Baptist,  Congregational,  Methodist-Episcopal,  Presbyterian, 
Protestant-Episcopal,  Disciple,  Evangelical  Association,  United  Presby- 
terian, Friends,  Wesleyan  Methodist,  MetRodist-Episcopal  South,  United 
Brethren,  Methodist  Protestant,  Christian,  Reformed. 

About  one  hundred  persons  entered  the  competitive  examinations  of 
the  children's  class,  about  twenty-five  the  intermediate,  and  about  one 
hundred  and  seventy-five  the  regular  normal. 

The  Misses  Lattimore  conducted  classes  in  microscopy ;  and  Mrs.  E. 
Seymour  of  New  York,  the  Primary  Department.  Miss  Parloa  gave 
lessons  in  cookery. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


283 


1880. 

Fifty  acres  were  this  year  added  to  the  grounds  of  Chautauqua,  mak- 
ing in  all  between  one  hundred  and  thirty  and  one  hundred  and  forty 
acres.  The  new  hotel  was  projected  and  begun.  Devotional  conferences 
were  made  a  part  of  the  regular  programme,  and  Rev.  W.  W.  Ramsay 
appointed  to  take  charge.  Madame  Kraus-Boelte,  assisted  by  her  hus- 
band, conducted  the  kindergarten  work.  An  experiment  was  made  in 
tonic  sol-fa,  under  the  direction  of  Professor  Seward.  A  course  of  bril- 
liant lectures  in  English  literature  was  delivered  by  Prof.  J.  H.  Gilmore 
of  Rochester  University.  Ram  Chandra  Bose  of  India  gave  several 
scientific  and  popular  lectures.  The  Fisk  Jubilees  visited  Chautauqua 
for  the  first  time;  and  they,  with  the  North-western  Band,  and  the  great 
chorus  led  by  Professors  Sherwin  and  Case,  made  the  musical  attrac- 
tions of  1880  superior  to  those  of  any  previous  year. 

Mrs.  G.  R.  Alden  ("  Pansy  ")  took  charge  of  the  primary  work;  Prof. 
E.  A.  Spring,  of  clay-modelling.  A  series  of  philosophical  lectures  were 
delivered  by  Prof.  B.  P.  Bowne,  and  of  scientific  lectures  by  W.  W.  Keen 
of  Philadelphia.  The  National  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union 
held  its  sixth  anniversary  at  Chautauqua  in  August.  The  National  Edu- 
cation Association  met  there  between  July  13  and  16.  The  Christian 
Commission  Re-union  was  also  held.  Aug.  i  was  observed  as  Y  M  C  A 
Day. 

Gen.  Garfield,  then  candidate  for  President  of  the  United  States, 
spent  a  sabbath  with  us.  The  Hon.  Schuyler  Colfax  during  the  session 
delivered  his  famous  lecture  on  "  Abraham  Lincoln."  The  camp-fire  of 
the  r.  L.  S.  C.  was  inaugurated  on  Tuesday  evening,  Aug.  17.  Aug. 
19  was  observed  as  Processional  Day.  The  Missionary  Institute  was 
the  best  that  had  ever  been  held  at  Chautauqua;  and  all  were  delighted 
with  the  presence  of  our  old  friend  Dr.  H.  W.  Warren,  who  had  in  May 
of  this  year  been  made  Bishop  by  the  General  Conference  of  his  Church. 

Among  our  new  lecturers  were :  Dr.  S.  J.  Wilson  of  Alleghany  City, 
Penn.,  Dr.  J.  O.  Means  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,Dr.  L.  D.  McCabe  of  Dela- 
ware, O.,  Dr.  Sheldon  Jackson,  Professor  Holman  of  Philadelphia,  Dr. 
R.  R.  Meredith  of  Boston,  Prof.  Stuckenberg  of  Springfield,  O.,  Dr.  W.  W. 
Patton  of  Washington,  Dr.  C.  L.  Goodell  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Miss  M.  F. 
Boice  of  Philadelphia  gave  a  very  successful  course  of  lessons  in  elocu- 
tion. Thursday  night,  Aug.  19,  the  "Arkites"  made  their  night-march, 
—  a  unique  and  laughable  feature  of  the  closing  davs  of  the  season. 

In  the  Normal  Department,  including  the  Intermediate  and  children, 
there  were  nearly  two  hundred  and  fifty  graduates. 


'w\ 


284 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


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1881. 

Chautauqua  in  1881  began  Thursday,  July  7,  and  closed  Monday,  Aug. 
22.     The  Department  of  Phonography,  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  W. 
D.  Bridge,  was  inaugurated  this  year.     Calisthenics  were  taught.    Among 
the  special   attractions  were  the  old-fashioned   singing-school,  the   old- 
fashioned  debating-society,  and   the   usual  spelling-matches.     The  Fisk 
Jubilee  Singers  again  assisted  Professors  Sherwin  and  Case  in  the  musi- 
cal entertainments.     Signor  Giuseppe  Vitale,  the  brilliant  and  promising 
young  violinist,  spent  several  weeks  at  Chautauqua.    The  Christian  Com- 
mission held  its  re-union.    The  Chautauqua  School  of  Theology  was  es- 
tablished.     The  Hotel* Athenaeum  was   finished.      The  new  museum, 
Newton  Hall,  built   through  the  munificence  of  Jacob  Miller,  Esq.,  of 
Canton,  O.,  was  opened.     The  Chautauqua  Extension  of  the  Buffalo, 
New  York,  and  Philadelphia  Railway  opened  Chautauqua  for  the  first 
time  by  railway  communication  to  the  outside  world.     Signor  Alessandro 
Gavazzi  was  our  distinguished  foreign  guest.     Prof.  S.  S.  Curry  of  Bos- 
ton University  gave  daily  lessons  in  voice-culture ;  Prof.  W.  D.  McClin- 
tock  of  Kentucky,  in  Anglo-Saxon  and  Shakespearian  literature;  Nathan 
Sheppard,  a  course   of  lectures  on  Carlyle,  George  Eliot,  Thackeray, 
Darwin,  Dickens,  Bu]wer,  Heine,  Macaulay,  Scott  and  Macdonald,  Rus- 
kin.     The  Teachers'  Retreat  was  especially  valuable.     Dr.  J.  W.  Dickin- 
son of  Boston  gave  talks  on  «'  Object  Teaching ; "  Prof.  S.  F.  Frost  of 
Massachusetts   lectured  on   "  Geography  outside   of  the    Text-Books ; " 
Prof.  C.  F.  Richardson,  on  "Intellectual  Economy,"  and  "The  Native 
Element  of  American   Literature ; "  C.  E.  Bishop,  Esq.,  read  an   able 
paper  on  the  "  Home  School ;  "  and  Mr.  Daniel  H.  Post  of  Jamestown, 
on  "  What  our  Pupils  read."     An  interesting  discussion  took  place  during 
the  Retreat,  on  the  question,  "Are  the  schools  of  to-day,  with  their  superior 
facilities,  relatively  more  effective  than  the  schools  of  forty  years  ago  " } 
Among  ihe  new  lecturers  at  the  Assembly  for  that  season  were  Rev. 
Dr.  D.  A.  Goodsell  of  New  Haven,  Conn. ;    Prof.  J.  L.  Corning ;   Dr. 
William  Hayes  Ward,  editor  of  the  New- York  "  Independent;"  Rev.  A. 
H.  Lewis  of  Plainfield,  N.J. ;  Rev.  A.  E.  Dunning  of  Boston ;  Dr.  Ed- 
ward Everett  Hale;  Dr.  Philip  Schaff;  Dr.  J.  W.  Hamilton  of  Boston; 
Dr.  W.  H.  Withrow  of  Canada;   Gen.  O.  O.  Howard  of  West  Point; 
and  Dr.  A.  A.  Willits. 

An  impressive  memorial  service  was  held  on  sabbath,  Aug.  7  ;  Rev.  J. 
H.  Knowles  fpeaking  on  Dr.  S.  M.  Vail,  Rev.  C.  P.  Hard  on  Bishop  E. 
O.  Haven,  Rev.  James  Hamiilon  on  Dr.  W.  H.  Perrine,  Rev.  J.  L.  Hurl- 
but  on  Rev.  W.  O.  Simpson  of  England, 


l-i      ! 


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THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


285 


i\\\ 


The  Sunday-school  Normal  Department  course  included  three  lectures 
by  the  Superintendent  of  Instruction ;  six  conferences ;  twelve  Bible- 
drills  in  the  children's  class,  under  the  direction  of  Rev.  B.  T.  Vincent ; 
twelve  intermediate-class  drills  by  Mr.  Vincent ;  twelve  Bible-drills  and 
twelve  normal  drills  conducted  by  Rev.  J.  L.  Hurlbut.  Lewis  Miller's 
normal  class  from  Akron,  O.,  passed  the  examination.  The  "  Chautau- 
qua Young  Folks*  Reading  Union  "  was  formally  inaifgurated  on  Thurs- 
day, Aug.  18.  In  the  Normal  Department  on  Wednesday,  Aug.  17,  120 
children,  53  intermediate,  and  115  normals  entered.  There  was  also  a 
special  primary  examination. 

1882. 

1882  was  the  first  graduating  year  in  the  C.  L.  S.  C.    A  full  account 
of  this  imposing  service  is  given  on  pp.  1 13-126.    Among  the  distinguish- 
ing features  of  this  year  were  the  lectures  of  Prof.  W.  T.  Harris,  Con- 
cord, Mass. ;  Prof.  William  H.  Niles  of  Boston ;  Wallace  Bruce,  Esq. ; 
T.  De  Witt  Talmage ;  Dr.  Isaac  Erret ;  Dr.  Wilkinson ;  Dr.  Alexander 
Sutherland  of  Canada ;    Dr.  William  M.  Blackburn  of  Cincinnati ;  Dr. 
Mark  Hopkins,  who  delivered  the  address  on  "  Our  Departed  President ;  " 
Anthony  Comstock;  John  B.  Gough;   Dr.  B.  M.  Adams  of  Brooklyn; 
Chaplain  C.  C.  McCabe;  Dr.  Lyman  Abbott;  Dr.  A.  D.  Vail,  who  gave 
us  the  "Story  of  Our  C.  L.  S.  C.  Banner;"  Bishop  H.  W.  Warren;  Dr. 
Philip  Schaff;  Bishop  R.  S.  Foster;   Dr.  L.  T.  Townsend;  Dr.  J.  M. 
Buckley,  etc.     Readings  were  given  by  A.  P.  Burbank,  Esq.,  and  Prof.  J. 
W.  Churchill.     The  visit  of  "The  Royal  Hand  Bell-Ringers  and  Glee- 
men  "  of  London,  Eng.,  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  attractions  of  the 
season.     The  great  organ  in  the  Amphitheatre  was  formally  dedicated  on 
Saturday,  July  8,  and  several   admirable   organ-concerts  were  given  by 
Professor  George   H.   Ryder.    The  musical   department  for   1882  was 
especially  rich.     In  addition  to  "  The  Royal  Hand  Bell-Ringers  and  Glee- 
men"  of  London,  the  following  names  were  announced:    Prof.  W.  F. 
Sherwin,  Prof.  C.  C.  Case,  Prof.  N.  Coe  Stewart,  Prof.  E.  E.  Ayres,  Sig- 
nor  Vitale,  the  Misses  Lynnie  and  Minnie  Becher  (violinists).  Miss  Belle 
McClintock,  Mrs.  C.  T.   Westlake,   Mrs.   O.  A.   Baldwin,   Miss  Ethel 
Crippen,  Mr.  Leon  H.  Vincent,  and  Miss   Fannie   A.   Compton.    The 
"night  vigil  "  was  held  for  the  class  of  1883.     Rev.  B.  M.  Adams  began 
that  series  of  devotional  conferences  which  has  so  intimately  associated 
his  name  with  Chautauqua. 

A  pleasant  telegram  was  this  year  received  from  J.  E.  Mosely  of 
Madison,  Wis.,  as  follows :  "  Monona  Lake  Assembly  to  Chautauqua, 
the  mother  Assembly  in  the  leafy  temple  under  Eastern  skies  :  This,  the 


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286 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


youngest  of  the  goodly  sisterhood  of  daughters,  between  the  Wisconsin 
lakes,  sends  its  greetings,  with  a  hope  that  we  may  join  hands  across  the 
States  in  the  great  work  of  building  up  the  cause  of  our  common  Master, 
Jesus  Christ.  To  this  message,  the  following  reply  was  sent :  "  Chau- 
tauqua accepts  Monona's  greetings  with  gratitude  and  joy.  May  both 
institutions  promote  science,  faith,  and  philanthropy,  in  the  guidance  of 
the  gospel  of  Jesift  Christ." 

The  anniversary  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  was  held  on  Saturday  afternoon,  " 
Aug.  s.  Dr.  Goodell  of  St.  Louis.  Dr.  Leonard  of  Cincinnati,  Bisho.; 
Simpson  of  Philadelphia,  and  Dr.  Mark  Hopkins  of  Massachusetts, 
delivered  the  addresses.  The  Sunday  school  for  Aug.  7  enrolled  3,127 
members,  and  that  for  Aug.  14  three  thousand.  "  Recognition  Day  "was 
observed  on  Saturday,  Aug.  12.  The  "Chautauqua  Society  of  Christian 
Ethics  was  instituted  this  year.  The  normal  examinations  were  passed 
including  the  children's,  intermediate,  primary  teachers',  and  regular 
normal  department,  by  three  hundred  and  twenty-two  persons 


1883. 

The  distinguishing  features  of   1883  were,  the  first  "Ideal  Foreign 
Tour  through  Europe,"  with  lectures  by  C.  E.  Bolton,  Esq.,  and  "Tour- 
ists Conferences  "  conducted  by  Mrs.  S.  K.  Bolton ;  the  "  Day  Fireworks  " 
under  the  direction  of  Professor  Hand  of  Hamilton,  Ont.;  readings  by 
1  rof.  R.  L.  Cumnock  of  Evanston,  111. ;  classes  in  cookery,  by  Mrs 
Emma  P.  Ewing  of  Chicago.    A  course  of  lectures  was  given  by  Pro^ 
fessor  Charles  J.  Little.    Lectures  were  delivered  by  Dr.  Julius  King  of 
Cleveland    Hon.  A.  W.  Tourg^e,  H  ,  1.  Will  Cumback.   Prof.  W    C 
Richards  (a  brilliant  series  in  physical  science),  B.  F.  Jacobs,  Esq    of 
Chicago,  Edward  L.  Wilson,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Everett  of  Harris- 
burg,  Dr^J  B  Angell,  Dr.  W.  F.  Malialieu,  Dr.  Joseph  Cummings,  Rev. 
George  H.  Vibbert,  Dr.  P.  S.  Henson,  Dr.  Arthur  Mitchell.  Dr.  Alexander 
Martin.  Dr.  A.  G.  Haygood,  Dr.  R.  B.  Hull,  Prof.  A.  A.  Wright   Dr 
Julius  H.  Seelye,  Dr.  J.  S.  Jewell.  Dr.  Alfred  Wheeler.  Professor  Charles 
A.  Young  of  Princeton  College.     Profs.  E.   S.   Shumway  and  W    R 
Harper  were  introduced  to  the  Chautauqua  schools  of   language  as 
teachers  respectively  of  Latin  and  Hebrew  this  season. 

The  annual  address  on  "Recognition  Day"  was  delivered  by  Dr 
Lyman  Abbott  of  New  York.  Important  additions  were  made  to  the 
Museum,  among  which  was  a  magnificent  cast  of  one  of  the  two  great 
panels  of  the  Arch  of  Titus  at  Rome,  containing  a  relief  of  the  seven- 
branched  golden  candlestick  taken  from  the  temple  bv  Titus  -t  the  c-p 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT  287 


ture  of  Jerusalem.    This  was  one  of  the  purchases  made  for  the  Museum 

by  the  gift  of  one  thousand  dollars,  made  by ,  Esq.,  of . 

Several  brilliant  concerts  were  given  by  Professors  Sherwin  and  Case. 
The  "Spanish  Students"  gave  a  concert  on  Wednesday,  Aug.  i.    Miss 
E.  M.  Reed  taught  a  session  of  the  summer  school  en  the  "Quincy" 
method.     A  very  interesting  series  of  women's  devotional  conferences 
was  held  by  Miss   Fannie  A.  Dyer,  and  a  series  of  temperance  con- 
ferences by  Mrs.  T.  B.  Hoover.    Memorial  services  were  held  on  Tues- 
day, Aug.  14,  in  honor  of   Rev.  E.  J.   L.  Baker,  one  of  the  trustees 
of  the  Assembly;   Rev.  L.  H.  Bugbee,  D.D.,  the  first  member  of  the 
C.  L.  S.  C. ;  Amos  K.  Warren,  Esq.,  for  years  the  Superintendent  of 
Grounds.    The  loss  of  Mr.  Warren  was  a  serious  one  to  the  Assembly. 
He  was  a  man  of  remarkable  executive  ability  and  enterprise.    Saturday, 
Aug.  18,  was  "  Recognition  Day  "  this  year.     Mrs.  B.  T.  Vincent  had 
charge  of  the  primary  teachers'  normal  department  this  season.    About 
two  hundred  and  fifty  persons  passed  in  the  examinations  in  the  various 
departments  of  the  Sunday-school  normal  work. 

1884. 

"The  Youth's  C.  L.  S.  C."  paper  for  boys  and  girls  was  established 
by  Dr.  Flood,  this  season,  at  Chautauqua.     It  is  an  illustrated  paper, 
of  which  twelve  numbers  were  published.    "The  Chautauqua  Foreign 
Tour  "  this  year  was  through  England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland,  with  lec- 
tures by  Rev.  Jesse  Bowman  Young,  Prof.  H.  H.  Ragan,  and  Mr.  George 
Makepeace  Towle.    The  opening  address  on  Saturday,  July  12,  before 
the  C.  T.  R.  and  C.  S.  L.,  was  delivered  by  the  Rev.  H.  L.  Hubbell,  D.D., 
of  Jamestown.    Music  was  furnished  this  season  under  the  direction  of 
Professors  Sherwin  and  Case,  with  Mr.  T.  P.  Ryder  of  Boston  as  organ- 
ist; the  Meigs-Underhill  Combination;  Donavin's  famous  Tennesseeans ; 
Mrs.  Juvia  C.  Hull  of  New  York,  soprano ;  the  Yale-college  Glee-club  • 
Miss  Belle  McClintock ;  Mr.  Excell  and  Miss  Tuthill  of  Chicago  ;  Miss 
Julia  Ball  of  Buffalo,  solo  pianist;  and  Mr.  Walton  N.  Ellis  of  Brooklyn, 
tenor.    A  course  of  brilliant  lectures  on  English  literature,  by  Professor 
Charles  J.  Little,  was  given ;  lectures  also  by  Dr.  Henson,  Miss  Susan 
Hayes  Ward,  T.  DeWitt  Talmr.ge,  Dr.  R.  M.  Stratton,  Rev.  J.  W.  Butler 
of  Mexico,  Rev.  S.  G.  Smith,  D.D.,  Ram  Chandra  Bose  of  India,  Rev. 
Dennis  Osbon.^-   -1   India,   Bishop   Samuel   Fallows  of    Chtcago,  Dr. 
William  Butler,  Sua  Aubrah  of  Burmah,  Rev.  A.  J.  Palmer.    A  course  of 
superior  lectures  in  philosophy  was  given  by  Principal  A.  M.  Fairbairn 
of  England;  lessons  in  micKoscopy,  by  \V.  C.  J.  Hall,  Esq.,  of  James- 


m 


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ii 


288  THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 

town;   lectures  by  Miss   Frances  E.  Willard,  Mrs.  M.  H.  Hunt,  Mrs 
Mary  T.  Lathrop,  Dr.  Herrick  Johnson,  Gen.  J.  C.  Black,  Dr  O  P  Fitz' 
gerald  of  Nashville,  Dr.  Daniel  Curry,  Dr.  John  B.  Finch,  Hon.  George 
W.  Bain  President  Julius  Seelye.     On  Saturday,  Aug.  23,  a  reception  was 
tendered  to  Robert  E.  Pattison,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania.    A  memorial 
service  was  held  on  Sunday,  Aug.  10,  in  honor  of  A.  O.  Van  Lennep  Dr 
W.  E.  Knox,  Dr.  A.  J.  Baird,  and  Bishop  Simpson.     C.  L.  S.  C.  Recogni- 
tion Day  was  held  on  Tuesday,  Aug.  19.    The  annual  oration  was  deliv- 
ered by  Dr.  W.  Cleaver  Wilkinson.    Dr.  John  Williamson  conducted  a 
series  of  interesting  Bible-readings  during  the  Assembly.     Advanced 
normal  e.;ammations  were  conducted  by  Rev.  Frank  Russell.     Friday, 
Aug.  15,  was  observed  as  decennial  anniversary  day  of  the   National 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union.    A  class  of  young  people  was 
taught  by  Mrs.  A.  M.  Rice,  called  "The  Temperance  Classmates,"  and 
did  some  excellent  work.    The  normal  work  was  well  sustained. 


1885. 

w'^!''/Tf '^  ^^"  °^  ^"^^  Chautauqua  Assembly  opened  a  "  Preliminary 
week,    July  7;  beginning  the  regular  programme  of  the  C.  T.  R  and 
C.  S.  L.  July  II,  and  closing  with  an  "After-week,"  Friday,  Aug   28- 
making  the  longest  season  since  the  founding  of  Chautauqua.    The 
records  of  this  most  recent  year  are  so  accessible  that  it  will  be  hardly 
necessary  here  to  reproduce  more  than  the  salient  features  of  the  pro- 
gramme.   The  studies  of  the  "Foreign  Tour"  embraced  Italy,  Roman 
history,  and  Latin  literature.    A  series  of  organ-recitals  by  Prof.  I.  V 
Flagler  attracted  much  attention.    Memorial  services  were  held  on  Sun 
day,  Aug.  9,  in  honor  of  Bishop  I.  W.  Wiley,  Mrs.  Victor  Cournelle,  Rev 
Joseph  Leslie,  Hon.  Schuyler  Colfax,  and  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant.    The  Sunday 
school  Normal  Alumni  Re-union  was  addressed  by  Rev.  Dr.  J.  M  Free^ 
man  of   New  York.     The  representatives  of  the  Baptist  Church  held 
a  series  of  special  services,  including  a  conference,  a  tea-meeting  ^nd 
sociable,  and  the  anniversary  of  "The  Chautauqua   Baptist "  Reading- 
Circle.      The  baccalaureate  sermon  before  the  graduating  class  of  the 
C.  L.  S.  C.  was   delivered  by  Dr.  Charles   F.  Deems.    "  Recognition 
Day     was  Wednesday,  Aug.  19,  and  the  annual  address  was  delivered  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  E.  E.  Hale  of  Boston.    A  special  series  of  "Yale  Univer- 
sity Historical  Lectures"  was  delivered  by  Professor  Arthur  M.  Wheeler 
of  Yale  College.     The  «  First  Rally  of  the  Chautauqua  Town  and  Country 
Club    took  place  on  Saturday,  Aug.  22,  with  an  address  by  Mr.  Charles 

Barnard  of  New  York.    THp.  frgt  mppHntr  ni  ^Ha  «<r^i      j.  -     • 

i^iiii  meering  or  tne  "Cauutauqua  society 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


289 


of  Fine  Arts  "  was  also  held  at  this  time.  Bishop  Cyrus  D.  Foss  made 
his  first  appearance  at  Chautauqua,  preaching  on  Sunday,  Aug.  23.  Dr. 
J.  P.  Newman  delivered  a  lecture  on  Tuesday,  Aug.  25,  in  memory  of 
Gen.  U.  S.  Grant.  The  season  of  1885  was  closed  at  noon  of  Friday. 
Aug.  28.  ' 


II. 

There  are  limitations  upon  author  and  publishers ;  and  it  becomes 
necessary  to  present  in  the  most  condensed  way  possible  the  reports 
which  we  hoped  to  be  able  to  give  in  full,  from  the  various  Chautauqua 
centres  through  the  country. 

ACTON   PARK   ASSEMBLY. 

"  Acton  Park  Assembly,"  Indiana,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Indianapolis,  St. 
Louis,  and  Chicago  Railroad,  twelve  miles  south-east  of  Indianapolis. 
Five  years  ago  a  course  of  literary  lectures  was  established  at  the  Acton 
Camp-ground.  The  name  was  changed  from  "Acton  Camp-ground "  to 
"Acton  Park  Assembly."  Mr.  James  C.  Pulse  proposed  a  Chautauqua 
Day  at  Acton  Park  in  1885.  The  audience  was  large  and  enthusiastic. 
James  C.  Pulse  of  Greensburgh  was  elected  president;  Miss  Ruby 
Sexton  of  Rushville,  Ind.,  secretary.  The  officers  of  the  Acton  Park 
Assembly  are:  Hon.  Will  Cumback,  chairman;  W.  H.  R.  Reed,  j«/^/-. 
intendent,  —  \iQ\}a.  of  Greensburgh,  Ind. 

ARKANSAS  CHAUTAUQUA   ASSEMBLY. 

"The  Arkansas  Chautauqua  Assembly,"  proposed  at  a  public  meeting 
of  the  citizens  of  Siloam  Springs,  Ark.,  by  E.  V.  Dolgoruki,  Esq.,  Jan. 
31,  1885,  has  been  chartered  by  the  State.  An  amphitheatre  a  hundred 
by  a  hundred  and  twenty  feet  was  built  in  the  summer  of  1885.  The 
Arkansas  Chautauqua  Assembly  opened  its  first  session  June  13,  1885. 
The  programme  was  varied,  practical,  interesting,  Siloam  Springs  has 
two  thousand  inhabitants,  and  is  situated  in  the  south-west  corner  of 
Benton  County,  Arkansas,  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  Indian  Territory. 
The  Assembly  for  1886  begins  July  12.  Officers :  C.  W.  Hinds,  president] 
E.  V.  Dolgoruki,  superintendent. 


i 


BAY  VIEW  ASSEMBLY. 

Bay  View  Assembly,  near  Petoskey,  Mich.,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Grand  Rapids  and  Indiana  Railway.  Six  hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  land 
overlook  a  beautiful  bay  upon  Lake  Michigan,  near  the  northern  extrem- 


ilil 


290 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA   MOVEMENT. 


ity  of  the  lower  peninsula  of  Michigan.     The  grounds  are  under  the 
control   of  the    Michigan   Camp-ground  Association.     The  first  annual 
meeting  was  held  Aug.  i,  1876.     The  location  is  one  of  rare  beauty  and 
healthfulness;   the  climate  equable;  and  the  pure,  cool,  northern  lake- 
breezes  are  invigorating.     Especial  facilities  are  furnished  b\  the  railway 
and  steamboat  companies.     Nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  cottages  have 
already  been  erected.    There  are  a  large  hotel,  an  auditorium  with  seating 
^capacity  of  twenty-five  hundred,  a  chapel,  restaurant,  good  dock,  offices 
and  an  excellent  system  of  water-works  supplied  by  mexhaustible  foun- 
tams  from  a  high  point  near  the  centre  of  the  grounds.    There  are  annu- 
ally held  at  Bay  View,  Sunday-school  Normal  Meetings,  sessions  of  the 
Michigan  Ministerial  Association ;  and  in  the  season  of  1885  an  educa- 
tional department  was  organized.    The  aim  is  to  make  Bay  View,  Mich 
"a  Michigan  Chautauqua."     A  C.  L.  S.  C.  Recognition  Day,  Round- 
table  Conferences,  etc.,  will  be  held.    The  Assembly  is  thoroughly  catholic 
in  spirit,  and  all  denominations  have  a  hearty  welcome.     Watson  Snyder 
of  Ypsilanti,  mc\,.,\^  president ;  Rev.  S.  Reed  of  YWx^t  secretary ;  David 
Prer'on,  Detroit,  treasurer.    John  M.  Hall  has  charge  of  the  "  C  L  S  C  " 
work;  Rev.  Washington  Gardner,  of  the  Normal  Sunday-school  Depart- 
ment; and  President  Lewis  R.  Fiske,  D.D.,  of  Albion  College,  of  the 
Ministerial  Union. 

CANBY,  OREGON. 

Canby,  Or.,  a  camp-ground,  on  the  Molalla  River,  midway  between 
Portland  and  Salem,  Or.,  forty  acres.  Ten  or  twelve  years  ago  the 
grounds  were  laid  out  in  blocks  and  lots,  with  streets  and  broad  avenues 
A  tabernacle  a  hundred  by  a  hundred  and  fifty  feet  was  built.  Rev 
W.  T.  Chapman,  having  attended  the  annual  assemblies  at  Chautauqua 
in  187s  and  1876,  returned  to  Oregon  an  alumnus  of  the  Chautauqua  Sun- 
day-school  Normal  Department.  Arrangements  have  been  made  to  hold 
a  Chautauqua  Assembly  the  third  week  of  June  each  year,  in  the  interest 
ot  the  L.  L.  S.  C.  and  of  normal  Sunday-school  work.  Information 
concerning  Canby  may  be  received  from  Rev.  W.  T.  Chapman. 
Hubbard.  Or.  ^       ' 

CAZENOVIA. 

The  Cazenovia  Assembly  was  held  for  a    few  years  on  Lakeview 
Camp-ground,  Cazenovia  Lake,  N.Y.     The  meetings  were  quite  success- 
ful  for  several  years,  under  the  direction  of  Professor  Smythe.  W    A 
Duncan  Esq.,  Rev.  J.  S.  Ostrander,  and  others..     Later  on  the  grounds 
were  sold,  and  the  Assembly  abandoned. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


291 


CLEAR  LAKE,   IOWA. 

Clear  Lake,  lo..  Assembly  was  organized  in  1876.  It  is  nearly  midway 
between  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers,  on  Clear  Lake,  in  Northern 
Iowa,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water.  The  first  session  was  held  the  centen- 
nial  year,  Rev.  J.  R.  Berry  superintendent.  Sessions  of  1879  and  i88o, 
superintendent  Rev.  J.  A.  Worden.  The  "C.  L.  S.  C."  is  recognized  at 
Clear  Lake.  There  are  annually  at  Clear  Lake  a  camp-meeting,  a  Sunday- 
school  assembly,  a  musical  festival,  and  a  temperance  jubilee.  Officers:* 
Truman  Woodford,  Milwaukee,  Wis., /resident ;  Rev.  H.  W.  Bennett 
Bloomington,  111.,  secretary.  * 

ENCHANTED   ISLAND,   LAKE   MINNETONKA. 

Lake  Minnetonka  is  fifteen  miles  west  of  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and  is 
I' the  Saratoga  of  the  West."    A  joint  Chautauqua  committee,  represent- 
mg  the  Circles  of  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  was  formed  in  May,  1885; 
and  on  Friday,  June  26,  1885,  an  assembly  was  held  at  Enchanted  Island! 
About  three  hundred  Chautauquans  and  friends  were  present,  principally 
from  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  though  Anoka  and  Duluth  Circles  were 
officially  represented,  and  visitors  were  present  from  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 
other  points.    After  a  pleasant  excursion  on  the  lake,  and  a  lunch,  a 
public  meeting  was  held;  William  H.  Eustis  of  Minneapolis  presiding. 
The  question  of  permanent  organization  was  discussed  by  a  number  of 
distinguished  gentlemen.    A  permanent  organizing  committee  was  formed, 
with  power  to  add  to  their  number,  to  prepare  and  adopt  a  constitution, 
to  elect  officers  for  the  coming  year,  to  appoint  an  executive  committee 
with  power  to  arrange  for  meetings  during  the  year.    Reports  were 
received  from  a  large  number  of  circles.     The  evening  session  was  held 
around  a  camp-fire  and  on  the  deck  of  the  boat.    There  were  toasts  and 
songs.    The  permanent  committee  met  in  July,  and  elected  James  Surdam, 
Esq.,  of  St.  Paul,  chairman,  and  E.  G.  Brandebury  of  Minneapolis,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer.    It  was  under  the  auspices  of  this  committee  that  the 
"  Recognition  Service  "  was  held  at  Mahtomedi,  White  Bear  Lake.     (See 
Mahtomedi.)     In  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul,  there  are  more  than  thirty 
circles,  with  a  membership  of  over  six  hundred. 


Ji 


s 


FLORIDA  CHAUTAUQUA. 

The  Florida  Chautauqua,  located  in  Western  Florida,  on  the  Pensacola 
and  Atlantic  Railway,  about  eighty  miles  from  Tallahassee,  and  about 
the  same  distance  from  Pensacola.     It  is  on  a  high  ridge  of  land,  three 


« 


''    '11 


i 


i 


P 


292  T/fE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 

hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  which  is  twenty-four 
HM  es  away.     Two  hundred  and  eight  acres  surround  a  beaut  fT.     Ike  a 
m.le  .n  arcumferencc,  and  sixty  feet  in  depth,  the  water  beinH  ei  a^'ul 
pure  and  the  beach  of  hard  white  sand.     The  Southern  pine!o  k  ^ l 
nol  a  and  bay  grow  on  the  grounds.    There  is  a  tabcr.kcle  which  w^ 
seat   wenty-five  hundred  persons.     There  are  also  buildings  for  lokrng 
school.  k.ndergarten    and  young   people's   headquartersf  and   a   large 
.two-story  building  with   assembly-room   and  class-rooms     The  "Hotel 
Chautauqua"  is  a  large  and  comfortable  house.    Rev.  A.  H.  Gillet  D  D 
IS  Supermtendent  of  Instruction.     W.  C.  Chipley.  Esq..  v.w;sident 

t::^:rt.  t".^^  ift-;Lrir  t^  -^-"- 

February.  ,883.- and  closed  March^  Z:^:' ^ X^^^^^L 
cached  nearly  ten  thousand  dollars.     The  Florida  ChauLqua  holdT  i 
annua    sess,on  m  February  and  March,  and  offers,  in  addition  to  th 
delightful  chmate  of  Florida,  the  attractions  of  a  first-class  a  semblv  to 
Northern  tourists  and  Southern  residents  alike.  ^ 

GENESEE  COUNTY  ASSEMBLY. 

Genesee  County  Assembly,  on  Long  Lake.  Genesee  County,  Michigan 
«  a  recent  organization  for  summer  meetings  of  the  "C  L  S  C  "  ,n 
Genesee  County ;  Rev.  William  M.  Ward.  Goodrich.  Mich.,    'superintend 

h  Idl  J°'"/^r"'  ''""'•  ''"'^•'  ''''■'^'''y-  The  first  mefting  wat 
held  on  Tuesday,  Aug.  25,  1885.  Music,  lectures.  "  C.  L.  S.  C,"  consti- 
tuted  the  programme,  which  seems  „.  have  been  very  enjo;ab  e  A 
similar  but  more  elaborate  meeting  was  projected  for  the  summer  of  1886. 

INTER-STATE   SUNDAY-SCHOOL  ASSEMBLY. 

T8,?K  p'"""  r'?  ^^.""d^-V-^^hool  Assembly,  Kansas,  was  organized  in 
Chlh'  t"-/-  ^?'"'"'' '''"  P^^^°^  °^  '""^  «^«^  Methodist^Episcopal 
yea  Dr  r'v  S  .'  ^ ^'"n^'j'^'  "-^'"g^  ^^  two  years.  The  thL 
t8«;  .?  SchaufHer  of  Kansas  City  was  chosen  president.     In 

1882  the  meetmg  was  held  at  Hartzell  Park,  near  Topeka,  under  the 

fsT^telh     ""'T   "":  '*"^"^'  '''''■  J-  ^-  Hurlbut'conductor^    In 

1883  the  fifth  annual  nieetmg  was  held  at  Forest  Park,  adjoining  the  city 
of  Ottawa,  Kan.,  which  is  now  the  permanent  location  o  the  Issembly 
Ottawa  IS  situated  on  the  Southern  Kansas  Railway,  and  is  the  terminus 

west  from  K  ^T"m  ''"''^  ^'''^''-    ''  '^  «^^>^--  -"-  -"'^ 

Tr  s  pTrlf  rr  ''  ^"  /'  '"  '  P°P"'^^'""  °f  «^-"  thousand. 
Forest  Park  is  the  property  of  the  ciiy.  and  lies  within  its  limits.     It 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  293 

w  th  .  ,.       °"5    '^'  '•'"'"'y  ''^  ^'^  ^'^y'  '•^^  I'-rk  has  been  provfded 

TnH  ;^  .  ^«f  •"'^'y  has  free  use  of  the  park  during  the  meetings 

and  the  people  of  the  city  and  adjoining  country  take  an  earnestZi 
active  interest  in  the  welfare  of  he  Assemblv  tL  \  """"^^"'^ 
norma,  work  is  the  "heart"  of  the  Astry.'^.cI  ta^^uar^  ^^^^ 
suggestion  and  has  been  the  ideal."  For  five'years  Professor  Sherl 
ha.  had  charge  of  , he  music.    Rev.  B.  T.  Vincent  was  an  instructor  o:^ 

The  "C    L  l^    r»  ;  ?^'"''  '""^^^  ^"  ^^^^"^*^d  ""r'"^!  ^1^«- 

ine  c.  L.  b.  C.  round-tables,  camp-fires,  and  "  Recognition-Dav " 
serv.ce  are  observed  at  the  "Inter-State  Sunday-school  Assemb  ;  "    It's 

•'oTe  llw        :  "^^^"•^^!;-'-  '^^^  ^^-^guage  of  one  of  its'officcr 

to  be  known  and  recognized  as  the  Chautauqua  of  the  West "    The 
eighth  annual  session,  from  June  22  to  July  2,  1886.     Rev.  D.  C.'  Milner 
of   Atchison,  Kan.,  president;  Rev.  Dr.  J.  L.  Hurlbut  of  New  York 
superrntendent  of  instruction;  D.  C.  Hanes,  Ottawa.  Kan..  sZtarT 

ISLAND  PARK   ASSEMBLY. 

Tni''^"l^-^'^  Assembly,  Rome  City,  Ind.,  is  on  the  Grand  Rapids  and 
Indiana  Railway,  thirty-five  miles  north  of  Fort  Wayne.  The  AssembW 
>s  ocated  on  the  shores  of  a  lovely  lake.  Its  barks  are  heavly  wooded' 
the  wateris  clear  and  numerous  islands  make  it  exceedingly  picturesque' 
The  principal  buildings  are  on  the  island,  twenty  acres  in  extent     Th.rl 

bridges,  and  a  forest  of  young  oak-tre,...  There  is  a  large  tabernacle 
which  will  seat  twenty-five  hundred  people,  a  museum  build  ngarha^' 
n  rmal-dass  room  and  a  building  sheltering  a  beautiful  model'^f  kle  .' 

C    L   S    C   h^',.  '"  ,'''  '"''"^'"''   ^'^^^^  ^he   kindergarten  and 

rnnrof  ;.         ^    ^"^'  '"■"  '°''''^'     "^^^  ^^"^°^d  passes  within  a  few 

cere  l/hts""Th"r"'K7''  ^"""'^  '''  brilliantly  illuminated  i; 

OR  V  Dr  A  h'  ^"T  l""  "^f,""'  '"  '''^'  ''  '"^^  -^g"^-" 
C  T    c'  r  ■  ''  ""^^  ''  '^'"  superintendent  of  instruction, 

at  Island  Par?"  T'°V?'t"  T^  """""d-tables  have  been  held  annually 
at  Island  Park.  In  fact,  the  first  public  recognition-service  ever  held 
anywhere  was  held  here  in   1882,  the  meeting'  anticipat  ng  by  a  few 

carried  on  "'."I"?"'""  ""''  ''  ^^^"^^"^"'-  EducationalUrk  ," 
Park  «  The'AUrt?  p''"'  Z''''  '''°°^^  °'  '^"^uage.  etc.,  at  Island 
r  The  Assembly  Record,"  a  sixteen-page  monthly  paper,  is  the 

organ  of  the  Assembly,  edited  by  Dr.  A.  H.  Gillet,  assisted  by  Prc^f  J.  L 
Shearer  of  Cmcinnati.  O.  >  *  '"a.  j.  1.. 


294 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


w 


LAKK   IILirPF,  ILL. 

Lake  Bluff,  III.,  thirty-five  miles  north  of  Chicago,  on  Lake  Michigan, 
on  the  Chicago  and  North-western  Railroad.  The  first  Assembly  was 
held  in  1877.  From  1878  to  1880  the  Assembly  was  under  the  supervis- 
ion of  Revs.  John  Williamson,  D.D.,  and  A.  W.  Patton ;  from  18S1  to 
1882,  under  the  care  of  Rev.  J.  E.  Gilbert,  D.D.  It  is  the  centre  of  a 
Sunday-school  training  college  of  which  Dr.  Gilbert  is  president.  Session 
in  1886  under  direction  of  Rev.  T.  P.  Marsh. 

LAKESIDE   ENCAMPMENT. 

Lakeside  Encampment,  Lakeside,  O.,  on  the  peninsula  which  forms 
Sandusky  Bay,  a  little  west  of  Sandusky,  O.     Distant  about:  len  miles, 
may  be  seen  "  Put-in-Bay"  Island,  immortalized  by  the  viciorl  ^  of  Com- 
modore Perry;  on  the  north,  four  miles  away,  Kelley's  Island;  on  the 
north-east,  the  waters  of  Lake  Erie ;   the  shore  beyond  cannot  be  seen. 
The  lake-breezes  make  it  a  cool  summer  resort.    The  encampment  con- 
tains about  a  hundr'      nd  seventy-five  acres.    The  grounds  are  reached  ' 
by  a  delightful  stea      :  rirle  of  ten  miles  from  Sandusky,  through  the  bay 
and  around  the  eastern  end  of  a  peninsula  ;  or  by  stage  from  the  Danbury 
Station  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  which  is  six  miles  away. 
There  are  at  Lakeside  a  good  hotel,  and  boarding-houses,  restaurants, 
stores,  beautiful  cottages,  a  chapel,  a  large  auditorium,  and  other  build- 
ings.   Lakeside  opened  as  an  encampment  in  1873,  and  as  a  Sunday-school 
assembly  or  encampment  in  1877 ;  the  Rev.  Dr.  Worden  conducting  the 
first  annual  meeting.    The  Rev.  Dr.  C.  W.  Gushing  conducted  the  en- 
campment the  second  year;  the  Rev.  B.  T.  Vincent,  in  1879  and  1880. 
In  188 1  the  programme  committee,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Hartupee, 
chairman,  managed  the  meetings.    Dr.  J.  H.  Vincent  superintended  in 
1882,  and  since  then  the  Rev.  B.  T.  Vincent  has  had  charge.    Every  year 
are  held  boys'  and  girls'  meetings,  primary  teachers'  work,  and  the  regular 
normal  work.    The  Lakeside  Normal  Alumni  Association  is  large,  stu- 
dious, and  influential.    In  addition  to  the   annual   camp-meeting,  and 
Sunday-school  encampment,  a  secular  i  -    rr  t  srliool  is  held  each  year 
on  the  grounds,  under  able  instructors.    1'.  ,e  also  cr.vr.ntions  op 

reformatory  work.    "  C.  L.  S.  C."  recoga.ti.u  scwices,  round-tables,  and 
camp-fires  find  place  at  Lakeside. 

LOVELAND,   O. 

Loveland  is  a  camp-ground  thirty-five  miles  from  Cincinnati,  where  an 
Assembly  was  formed  in  1876,  and  conducted  during  1877  and  1878  under 
the  supervision  of  Rev.  J.  E.  Gilbert. 


/r. 


Lake  Michigan, 
:  Assembly  was 
21'  the  supervis- 
i;  from  i8Si  to 
the  centre  of  a 
sident.    Session 


la  which  form? 
bout  ten  miles, 
:ior;  a  of  Com- 
Island;  on  the 
:annot  be  seen, 
campment  con- 
ds  are  reached 
hrough  the  bay 
m  the  Danbury 
)ix  miles  away. 
5s,  restaurants, 
id  other  build- 
Sunday-school 
conducting  the 
ducted  the  en- 
r879  and  1880. 
Dr.  Hartupee, 
perintended  in 
e.     Every  year 
md  the  regular 
n  is  large,  stu- 
>meeting,  and 
leld  each  year 
f  !vr(.iitions  on 
ind-tables,  and 


iiati,  where  an 
nd  1878  under 


r//E  CHAUrAl7Q[/A  MOVEMENT, 


39s 


MAHTOMEDI  ASSEMBLY. 

also ,  „„,  „^,„,,„  ,„„„^  ab„':7htTr„d;':„X"  Tr^V"" 

been  two  sess  ons  of  the  AssemKiv     t^    •        ^  P^op'e-     1  here  have 
-)  .  public  recogni.io'.l'^    :r'  "Ih.'^.c"!  s  V-T^'hI;''^  '^"^• 

MAINE  CHAUTAUQUA  ASSEMBLY. 

The  Maine  Chautauqua  Assembly,  FryeburR  Me    188^      A  ^u 
Chautauqua  Assembly,  supported  chkfly'by  the  beneicence  ^^''''''f' 
lady  m  Portland,  Icyal  to  the  "  C.  L.  S.  C."  ''^'"^^cence  of  an  elect 

MAPLEWOOD   PARK   ASSEMBLY 

Sunday  .cjotno™  ,,''a  '..'c  lI'c-'woT""  '""  '""'^  '" '  ^- 
firs,  public  recognition  of  ,he  «c  L  s'c"  w  ??,"'  °"u'"'°"-  '^^' 
■88s,  conduced  by  Dr    A    H    gL?  "'  "  ""=  '''''"'°"  »« 

Another  feature  of  the  M-,„v^'  P^    ,'  ^"P"'"""*"'  of  instruction. 

.u.e.  conducted  i„".s^;  ^;t"n'^;;:^i:;t'^::zr'"'  "-'■ 

MONONA  LAKE  ASSEMBLY. 

The  first  session  of  the  Wiscr<n<5iM  Qf^f^  c  j 
held  in  ,880,  on  the  shores  Tf  ^en  if  %':«  T  J  sT^^"^"''^  ^'^^ 
to  the  shores  of  Monona  Lake,  near  Mad  L^  m  ^880  ^^  h"""^'^' 
ducted  the  Sunday-school  normal  class.  L  88r  Rev  Dr  C  H  ri"hT 
was  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  In  i8s7nr  r  m  ^  "'' 
superintendent  of  the  normnl  aZT'  /" '°^^^'^- ^iHet  was  elected 
i88r,  the  first  Cm  n  f  P^'-'"^^"^-     during  this  Assembly  of 

188.    188  en  n-     T,  ""P'^'"  ^"  ^'e'^*^^  '■"  Wisconsin.    In  1887 

J  c  next  year  Kev.  F.  S.  Stem  was  made  president      AC  7    ^  r 

buikhng  was  erected  and  dedicaterl  H„rm„  .u  ^"^-     ^  ^-  L-  S.  C. 

the  close  of  the  Assemblv  of  r8«.    n     r^-n      '"'"'"'''  °^  '^^5-     With 

superintendeHt  Ld  Dr   T  T    H     n^'       '       '"'  '""'Sned  the  position  of 

F       tenaent,  and  Dr.  J.  L.  Hurlbut  was  appointed  to  take  his  nla.. 


296 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


1*^   I 


if! 


A\ 


Ilk  •% 


MONTEAGLE  ASSEMBLY. 

Monteagle  Assembly  is  at  Monteagle,  on  the  Cumberland  Mountains, 
Tenn.    A  meeting  of  persons  interested  in  organizing  a  Southern  Sunday- 
school  Assembly  was  held  in  Tullahoma,  Aug.  17,  1882,  at  eight  p.m. 
Representatives  were   present  from   several    States.     A  committee  was 
appointed  to  select  a  location.      This  committee,  after  visiti'.ig  several 
places   in   Tennessee,  Georgia,  and   North   Carolina,  chose  Monteagle, 
Tenn. ;  and  a  charter  was  secured.     The  Asseh;blv  is  undenominational, 
unsectional,  and  to  be  managed  for  the  pecuniary  benefit  of  no  one.     It 
is  under  the  control  of  a  board  of  trustees  elected  annually  by  the  mem- 
bers, with  an  equal  number  from  each  Christian  church  represented  in 
its  membership.     There  are  about  a  hundred  acres,  which  have  been  laid 
out  into  parks,  drives,  and  building-lots.    A  children's  temple  and  large 
amphitheatre  have  been  erected  by  the  Assembly.     There   is  a  good 
restaurant,  and  a  large  hotel.    Monteagle  is  on  the  top  of  the  Cumberland 
Mountains,  between  Nashville  and  Chattanooga,  directly  on  the  line  of 
railroad  owned  and  managed  by  the  Tennessee  Coal  and  Iron  Railroad 
Company.     The  altitude  is  twenty-two  hundred  feet  above  the  sea.    The 
nights  are  delightfully  cool.     The  Assembly  grounds  extend  to  some  of 
the  grandest  mountain  scenery  in  America.    Three  Assemblies  have  been 
held,  —  1883,  1884,  1885.     In  no  year  have  there  been  less  than  twenty 
States  represented.     The  Assembly  work  at   Monteagle  comprises  two 
features,  —  summer-schools  and  the  Assembly  proper.     The  people   of 
Nashville   and   Memphis,  Tenn.,  and   the  people  of   Mississippi,  have 
erected  and  furnished  large  buildings  for  the  free  lodging  of  teachers  in 
their  secular  schools,  who  will  attend  Monteagle.     These  buildings  con- 
tain nineteen  or  twenty  rooms  each.     Similar  buildings  are  soon  to  be 
erected  for  the    States   of    Georgia  and   Alabama.      These  "teachers' 
homes  "  are  very  popular.    The  course  of  instruction  is  broad  and  liberal. 
The  members  of  the  "C.  L.  S.  C."  in  the  South  have  erected  a  Hall  of 
Philosophy  at   Monteagle,  in  which  they  hold  round-tables   and  other 
meetings.    The  camp-fires  have  been  kindled  for  several  years  at  Mont- 
eagle.    Dr.  James  H.  Carlisle  of  Spartanburg,  S.C.,  was  the  nominee  of 
Monteagle  Branch  of  the  "  C.  L.  S.  C,"  and  was  at  their  request  most 
gladly  appointed  one  of  the  "  counsellors  "  by  the  "  C.  L.  S.  C."  authorities. 
The  Assembly  and  schools  open  June   30,  in  1886;  the  schools  con- 
tinue six  weeks.     The  Assembly  closes  Aug.  26.     R.  B.  Reppard,  Esq., 
of  Savannah,  Ga.,  is  president;  and   Rev.  J.  H.  Warren  of  Murfrees- 
borough,  Tenn.,  chairman  of  the  executive  committee. 


MS. 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


297 


MONTEREY,  CAL. 

C.  C.  Strae.on  n  n  .  California  began  its  history.    R,, 

class  of  Z883  numbered  six  l^^Z^^^rrTj'K    ^'^^^'f "'^ 

reducing  ^alL^ri:;:^^^^^^^^^^  ^"  the  ,  Je,  and^o 

even  limited  means  could  attend  the  f.i  t  ?f '^''  '^''  P'"P'"  "^ 
scholars,  scientists,  and  literary  people  of  hTc  ''  .  f "'  °'  ^'^  "°'^^^« 
to  the  Chautauquans.  and  brouittn  .1?  1  T'  ^'"'  ^  ^""^'"""^  ^and 
their  scholarship.     S  x  years Tav^^^  I  ^'''"^'^  ''^^  "^^  P'-^ducts  of 

Dr.  Stratton  has  cont  nu  d  o  se'e  a^,  ' "T  f  ""•  '^'  "^  ^^  ^^S'""'"g- 
compelled  to  resign  on  accou  ^  -        -^^^ 

Norton  was  her  successor  Z?  '^""'''  ""^  ^'««  ^ary  E.  B. 

Mary  H.  P^el^r^:- --;--— ^^en.^^^^ 

become  a  c  tv  of  <?nmm«r  \.^  •  ,     "-'^^ary.       1  acihc  Grove"  has 

supply,  fountain::  arc^fo'^s^:^^^^^^^^^^  ^--^^"»  -er- 

"Natur.andart  have  rivalled  ea  h  o  her     We  chaH      "T^""'"  = 
show  such  another  camo-ffrounrl     p     i^  a         T    challenge  the  world  to 

has  had  fresh  attractlns.'  Musi'c  arriitt?"  ''  °'  *"°  "^^'^'  ^"^^^•- 
all  represented."  '      '  ^"^"^^ture,  science,  and  religion  are 


MOUNTAIN  GROVE.  PENN 

bury.    It  embr;«3  thTrtX"  /cL  o   ™f   i^Tr  ""^  '"■"  '^°"- 
heJd  there  in  1872  u„d„  ,1,,  j-     .'  .        ^  "■■"  camfmeeting  was 

ago  an  effort  was  n,ade  by  RefaL  C  Se  ,'  ""  '"."''"•  ■^"'' 
place  at  Mountain  Grove  ■  but  th.ni  '      ^'^  "'^  <^-^S-C-  a 

when  the  Chancellor  held  ,  '  LS  C  da!"  "/*  '""'"  °"  "»'■'  '^^S. 
Department  at  Mountain  Grov^'^v' M^Oe  ."r'n "  Chautauqua 
fr^sUM;  Mrs.  S  C    Ta™.  ,!f  1,'      '  ,"•  °"*a«  "f  Danville,  Penn., 

for  .886  ;pen  Aug  4  ^T^e  „L"f  •/'""•  "'""''^-  '^'"  "''"i"*^ 
T-  t"^" -^ug' 4-     ine  officers  of  the  "round  ar,^  .  v  wr  xr  t 

Lime  Ridge,  Penn.,^.„,i,.„,,.  Cyrus  Straw  of  Wlkes  if  „  P  '■°''' 
-'->;  C.  C.  Sharpless  of  Catawissa,  Pe„„.,°„.'  "'""'  '"^  "" 


298 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


'\ 


'<  if 


MOUNTAIN   LAKE  PARK. 

This  charming  place  is  situated  in  Garrett  County,  Maryland,  on  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  elevated  twenty-seven  hundred  feet 
above  the  sea,  two  hundred  and  forty-four  miles  we&c  of  Baltimore,  and 
a  hundred  and  forty  miles  east  of  Wheeling.  During  the  summers  of 
1879,  1880,  and  188 1,  an  assembly  was  held  at  Oakville  Camp-ground, 
Penn.,  aad  was  known  as  "the  Cumberland  Valley  Assembly."  Later 
on  it  was  removed  to  Mountain  Lake  Park.  The  first  Assembly  was 
held  there,  July  26  to  Aug.  i,  1882.  Dr.  W.  Maslin  Frysinger  of  Balti- 
more is  president,  and  Rev.  J.  B.  Young  secretary ;  Rev.  John  T.  Judd  in 
charge  of  the  Chautauqua  movements  and  plans  in  connection  with  tne 
park.  In  1883  the  Assembly  was  in  session  from  Aug.  7  to  17.  It  was 
preceded  by  a  summer  school  of  theology  under  the  direction  of  Rev. 
A.  A.  Wright.  In  1884  the  Assembly  held  its  sessions  from  Aug.  14  to 
29,  and  a  "  summer  school  of  amateur  photography  "  under  the  direction 
of  Professor  Himes  of  Dickinson  College  was  established.  It  was  held 
again  in  1885,  and  is  pronounced  a  great  success.  The  lessons  of  the 
Assembly  Normal  Union  were  employed  in  1885  under  the  direction  of 
Dr.  Frysinger.  The  place  is  one  of  rare  beauty.  Its  atmosphere  is  tonic 
and  bracing,  giving  relief  at  once  to  patients  suffering  from  hay-fever. 
The  grand  mountain  scenery  is  within  easy  reach.     It  is  the  Chautauqua 


of  the  Alleghanies. 


PINE  TREE   "  C.   L.   S.  C. 


The  Pine  Tree  "  C.  L.  S.  C."  at  Maranacook,  Me.,  is  a  summer-meeting 
of  a  few  circles  in  the  vicinity  of  Auburn,  Me.,  about  fifty  miles  from 
Portland,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  is  a  public  ground,  appro- 
priated for  annual  use  during  a  brief  season  by  the  various  circles  who 
constitute  "  the  Pine  Tree  C.  L.  S.  C."  It  was  organized  in  Auburn, 
March  20,  1885.  There  are  ten  circles  in  the  Association.  The  leader  in 
the  "  Pine  Tree  Association  "  is  J.  C.  Haskell  of  Auburn,  Me. 

THE  NEW-ENGLAND   ASSEMBLY. 

The  New-England  Assembly,  held  at  Lakeview  near  South  Framing- 
ham,  Mass.,  was  begun  in  1880.  It  was  the  joint  product  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  Sunday-school  Teachers'  Association,  and  Dr.  William 
Clark  of  the  Framingham  Camp-ground.  The  first  Assembly  was  held 
during  the  last  ten  days  of  August  in  1880.  It  is  a  reproduction  of 
Chautauqua,  with  many  of  the  same  lecturers,  normal  studies,  teachers, 
and  leaders  in  music.  It  has  its  children's  meetings,  its  devotional  hours, 
and  has  a  "C.  L.  S.  C."  enthusiasm  quite  equalling  that  of  Chautauqua 
itself.    The»"Hall  on  the  Hill  "  is  a  precise  reproduction  of  the  "Hall 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  299 

of  Philosophy  "at  Chautauqua,  and  is  situated  on  a  lofty  eminence  and 
commands  a  most  charming  view.     There  are  at  Lakeview  dorm';orv 
cottages,  normal  hall,  dining-hail.  book-stores,  and  a  number  o7 tents    The 
New-England  Assembly  has  been  under  the  direction  of  the  Supe  inta> 
dent  of  Instruction  at  Chautauqua,  assisted  by  Dr.  Ilurlbut.  Prof  R  S 
Holmes    Rev.  A.  E.  Dunning.  Prof.  W.  F.  Sherwin.  and  oth  rs      In  the 
wmter  of  ,885-86  the  Assembly  Board  was  duly  constituted ;  H  J  Dadint 
Esq..^..W.«A  and  T.  P.  Barnefield.  Esq..  of  Pawtucket.  seer  tar,     -^t 
New-England   Assembly  meets  in  July,  and  has   the  s  rength   and  et 
hus>asm  whjch  are  characteristic  of  Chautauqua.    The  littL  lake  near 
the  grounds  is  a  pleasant  sheet  of  water. 

OCEAN  GROVE,  N.J. 

A  camp-ground  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  six  miles  south  of  Long  Branch 
m   Monmouth   County,  New  Jersey.     The  Association   is  composed  oj 
th,rteen  laymen  and  thirteen  ministers,  and  was  organized  Dec  '"i 86^ 

Ihtf  rf  ""  n"  °T  •'•  "  '""'"'  ^"^  «^^y  --^'  three-four  hs?; 
wh:ch  are  covered  by  a  thnvmg  grove  of  oak  and  pine.    There  are  nearly 

a  thousand  cottages  or  hotels  upon  the  grounds.    An  inexhaustible  sup,  y 

of  pure  water  is  furbished  by  means  of  artesian  wells.     The     ud^tor^u  i^^ 

tabernacle,  and  young  people's  temple  are  located  in  the  edge  of      e 

grove,  five  hundred  yards  from  the  sea.     Services  varying  in  character 

educational    reformatory,  evangelical,  etc.,  are  held  dur  ng    he  su"  m"; 

months.     The  spirit  of  the  place  is  thoroughly  catholic.     Ihe  gateHre 

a  ways  closed  on  sabbath.     Ardent  spirits  are  not  allowed  to  be  sold  on 

the  grounds,  and  by  a  special  law  of  the  State  the  liquor  traffic  Tspro 

hibued  for  a  distance  of  one  mile  in  all  directions.  Vhe  Chautlqua 

uT  L;  w'asl:;? ''  ^t  '^  ^°^'  enthusiastically  adopted.    A  ChauTu 
qua  Day  was  held  m  the  summer  of   1SS5.     Several  graduates  of  that 
year  received  their  diplomas.     Centrally  situated  between  the  two  .ea 
cuies   New  York  and  Philadelphia,  it  furnishes  an  admirable  Teld    0 
educational  and  religious  work. 

PARK   BLUFF.  IOWA. 

b.i^"p  ^r"^^'  ^°"'  °"  ^''^  '''°''"  °^  "^^  Mississippi  River,  thirty  miles 
below  Burlington.    An  "  Assembly  "  promised.  ^7  mues 

PIASA   BLUFFS  ASSEMBLY. 

A  ^t?  ^f '^"'^^\^"««  A^^embly.  in  Illinois,  not  far  from  St.  Louis. 
A  p  ace  of  unusual  beauty  and  promise.     Dr.  Benjamin  St.  James  Fry 

Th!  C  r  e  '!,^'f  f  «^;M-,-,  R-  Locke  of  Jerseyville,  III.,  L  seeretarl 
Ane  v^.  1^.  ^.  L.  tifc  nas  been  lighted  at  Piasa. 


nt 


300 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT 


PUGET  SOUND  CHAUTAUQUA  ASSEMBLY. 

Several  local  Chautauqua  circles  having  been  organized  in  Washington 
Territory  (Rev.  D.  J.  Pierce,  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church  of  Seattle, 
having  organized  the  first  in  September,  1884),  it  was  decided  to  hold  a 
summer  assembly;  and  a  point  on  Vashon  Island,  midway  between  Seattle 
and  Tacoma,  was  selected  as  the  place.  Rev.  W.  H.  Reeves  of  Seattle  is 
president;  Rev.  D.  J.  Pierce  secretary.  The  point  where  the  Assembly 
met  on  Vashon  Island  is  the  property  of  Rev.  R.  B.  Dilworth,  for  years 
a  welcome  worker  at  Chautauqua.  A  series  of  meetings,  with  special 
days,  was  held  in  1885,  ^s  follows :  Opening  Day,  Public-school  Day, 
College  Day,  Chautauqua  Day,  Science  Day,  W.  C.  T.  U.  Day,  Mission- 
ary Day,  Children's  Day,  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Day.  Camp-fires  were  held  each 
evening,  bringing  out  much  latent  talent  to  the  service. 


ROUND  LAKE  ASSEMBLY. 

The  Round  Lake  Sunday-school  Assembly,  on  the  Delaware  and 
Hudson  Canal  Railway,  between  Troy  and  Saratoga,  was  organized  July 
16,  1878,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Superintendent  of  Instruction  at 
Chautauqua.  The  Assembly  is  now  conducted  by  the  Rev.  H.  C.  Farrar 
and  the  Rev.  B.  B.  Loomis.  The  C.  L.  S.  C.  work  began  at  Round  Lake 
in  18S0  under  the  direction  of  Rev.  H.  C.  Farrar.  Recognition  Day  was 
observed  in  1885,  and  diplomas  were  distributed. 


SOUTHERN   CALIFORNIA   ASSEMBLY. 

"  The  Chautauqua  of  Southern  California  "  began  in  1884,  when  a  few 
enthusiastic  Chautauquans  met  for  a  two-days'  encampment  at  Long 
Beach,  Cal.,  one  of  the  most  delightful  seaside  resorts  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  twenty  miles  south  of  the  city  of  Los  Angeles.  A  meeting  was 
held  in  1S85.  "The  Acropolis  crowning  that  famous  height  of  ancient 
Athens,  overlooking  the  waters  of  the  ^gean  Sea,  was  not  regarded  with 
greater  pride  by  the  native  Athenian  than  is  our  pavilion  or  amphitheatre 
by  our  native  Chautauquans,  crowning  as  it  does  the  bluffs  of  the  mighty 
Pacific,  and  overlooking  the  ruins  and  the  dreamland  of  the  Montezumas. 
Here  as  nowhere  else  in  the  United  States  do  January  and  July  continu- 
ally smile  on  each  other.  Here  at  eventide  the  devout  Chautauquan 
chants  the  hymn  of  his  Alma  Mater,  — 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  301 

'  God  bless  the  hearts  that  beat  as  one 

Though  continents  apart ; 
We  greet  you,  brothers,  face  to  face, 
We  meet  you  heart  to  heart.'  " 

Thfi  president  is  Prof.  G.  R.  Crow,  and  the  secretary  Rev.  S.  J.  Fleming. 

WASHINGTON   COURT-HOUSE  ASSEMBLY. 

On  the  camp-ground  owned  by  the  Methodist-Protestant  Church  near 
Washington  Court-house,  O,  an  Assembly  was  established;  the  first 
meeting  having  been  held  in  August,  1885,  under  the  direction  of  Dr. 
J.  E.  Gilbert,  now  of  Indianapolis. 


III. 

The  Banner  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  represents  so  much  that  is  precious  to  the  loyal 
members  of  the  institution,  that  I  take  the  liberty  to  insert  the  address  of  presen- 
tation delivered  at  Chautauqua  on  our  first  Recognition  Day  in  1882. 
_  The  Banner  is  carried  in  the  annual  procession  at  Chautauqua,  and  the  "flag" 
IS  handed  under  the  keystone  of  the  arch  of  the  Golden  Gate  during  the  passage 
of  graduates.  =         r        s 

"  The  banner  presented  to  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  on  Commencement  Day  is  a  rich  and 
costly  thing.  It  is  made  of  heavy  blue  silk,  gold  fringed  and  tassseled,  mounted 
on  a  mahogany  staff,  with  a  metallic  head  and  star.  On  one  side  of  the  banner 
is  a  faithful  painting  of  the  Hall  of  Philosophy,  and  the  legend,  "  Chautauqua 
Literary  and  Scientific  Circle,"  with  the  three  class-mottoes  beneath.  On  the 
other  side  are  applied  two  silk  handkerchiefs,  the  souvenirs  of  many  journeys  in 
foreign  lands,  on  which  are  painted  a  cross  and  an  open  Bible.  It  bears  also  the 
device,  «  C.  L.  S.  C,  organized  A.  D.  1878."  Tliis  valuable  and  beautiful  stand- 
ard is  the  gift  of  Miss  Jennie  Miller,  daughter  of  President  Lewis  Miller. 
Another  item  added  to  the  long  list  of  Miller  benefactions  to  Chautauqua."  — 
Assembly  Daily  Herald. 

On  the  silk  flag,  which  Dr.  A.  i>.  Vail  presented  to  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  are 
inscribed  he  names  of  the  principal  localities  in  which  the  flag  was  placed,  or 
waved,  or  washed,  during  its  long  pilgrimage. 

At  2  p.  M.,  Aug.  12,  1882,  the  Amphitheatre  was  crowded  to  its  utmost 
capacity  ;  and,  after  a  brief  devotional  service,  Rev.  A.  D.  Vail,  Ii.T>.,  was  intro- 
duced, and  read  — 

The  Story  of  the  Banner. 

There  was  a  time  when  the  C.  L.  S,  C.  was  in  embryo,  when  it  lay,  like  another 
Minerva,  in  the  uneasy  brain  of  our  great  Zeus  of  Chautauqua.  Many  were  the 
workers  who  were  commissioned  by  him  to  weave  the  garments  and  to  fashion 


i.'i 
li 


302 


THE  CHAJTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


the  adornments  of  this  yet  unborn  goddess.  It  wis  made  my  task  to  provide 
materials  for  a  banner,  to  be  borne  on  great  festal  days  at  the  head  of  proces- 
sions, and  to  be  hung  on  the  walls  of  the  new  Parthenon.  As  I  was  to  go  abroad 
on  a  long  journey,  four  years  ago,  Dr.  Vincent  came  to  me  with  the  wish  that  I 
would  purchase  for  him  some  silk  suitable  for  a  banner,  that  I  would  have  it 
inscribed  with  the  name  and  mottoes  of  the  Circle,  and  then  made  the  earnest 
request  that  I  would  bear  it  with  me  all  through  Europe,  Egypt,  and  the  lands  of 
the  East.  As  it  is  no  easy  thing  to  stand  against  his  will,  I  accepted  his  commis- 
sion, and  I  am  here  to-day  to  tell  "  The  Story  of  the  Banner." 

His  plan  for  the  new  reading  circles  embraced  all  fields  of  literature  and  art, 
history  and  science,  language  and  travel.  And  it  was  his  fancy  to  have  a  banner 
that  had  floated  over  all  the  great  historic  lands  and  seas ;  that  had  saluted  the 
great  centres  of  education  and  philosophic  thought ;  that  had  been  sprinkled 
with  sacred  waters,  and  rested  on  the  great  shrines  of  religious  devotion  and 
reform,  — a  banner  that  should  be  as  wide  and  varied  in  its  associations  as  the 
course  of  reading  he  was  then  mapping  out  for  your  use. 

In  this  Hall  of  Science  it  is  doubtless  my  duty  to  make  a  clear  and  definite 
statement  of  certain  very  commonplace  but  quite  material  facts  as  to  the  origin 
of  this  banner.     Failing  to  find  in  London  or  Paris  a  large  piece  of  silk  of  the 
size  desired,  I  adopted  the  happy  thought  of  using  smaller  ones  that  I  knew  could 
be  recolored  and  cut  into  letters  or  devices,  and  combined  into  artistic  forms,  and 
finally  arranged  on  a  larger  piece  manufactured  in  New  York.     I  purcliased  two 
of  these  in  London  from  a  package  of  Chinese  silks,  and  two  others  in  the  bazaar 
of  Damascus.    These  pieces  I  could  easily  and  always  carry  with  me,  and  use 
them  in  the  most  sacred  and  crowded  places  without  attracting  attention,  as  I 
could  not  have  done  with  the  large  inscribed  banner.     Afterward  I  obtained 'from 
our  Syrian  dragoman  a  most  beautiful  and  valuable  possession,  a  silk  American 
flag,  3x4.^  feet,  which  had  twice  made  the  tour  of  Europe,  Esjypt,  and  the  Holy 
Land,  after  once  having  passed  over  this  continent  in  the  Centennial  year.     After- 
ward and  in  our  company,  and  for  the  most  part  in  my  possession,  it  was  borne 
from  Alexandria  to  Upper  Egypt,  through  Goshen  to  Suez  and  to  Mount  Sinai- 
back  through  the  lands  and  over  the  seas  of  the  present  Eastern  struggle,  from' 
Port  Said  to  Joppa,  and  thence  through  Palestine  to  Damascus,  to  Cyprus, 
Rhodes,  and  along  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor  to  Constantinople;  from  the  Bospho^ 
rus  to  Athens  and  through  Greece ;  then  to  Sicily  and  Naples,  and  so  through 
Europe,  the  flag  was  my  inseparable  companion.     After  I  had  gained  the  consent 
of  my  will  to  make  a  present  of  this  precious  treasure  to  to  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  from 
that  time  forward,  no  slave  of  the  ring  was  ever  more  true  to  his  master  than  was 
I  to  the  fancy  of  Dr.  Vincent.     Sometimes  with  tears,  and  sometimes  with  laugh- 
ter ;  now  in  open  exultation,  and  now  with  carefully  observed  secresy  ;  frequently 
with  the  affected  pity  of  my  companions,  but  always  in  memory  of  the  doctor's 
request ;  often  when  it  was  a  burden,  but  far  oftener  when  it  was  a  joy,  — I  used 
the  flag,  until  I  passed  into  the  hands  of  Dr.  Vincent  what  was  to  me  the  dearest 
memorial  of  the  long  and  happy  months  of  my  journey.    Once  more  I  salute  the 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  303 

^hos°'f'olSs'nrw?'  T""  "'"'r  "'"^  "^^PP^  '^^""Ss  and  memories,  and 
whose  folds  now  bear  the  names  of  so  many  of  the  places  visited.  And  now  I 
a  k  you  m  fancy  to  form  one  of  the  party  of  travel,  with  the  understanding  tL 
you  be  not  asked  to  go  where  some  part  of  the  banner  has  not  been  Sore  tl 
And  now  what  shall  be  the  order  of  our  journey  ?  It  would  be  easy  to  gfve  Tn 
chronological  order,  a  list  of  the  places  visited ;  but  this  would  I  ^  only  a  list'  of 
names,and  h>story  has  not  followed  the  highways  of  travel  or  passed  hrgi 
one  land  before  v.s.tmg  the  next.    With  the  flag  we  sought  chiefly  to  v  si^  he 

of  history,  and  to  be  associated  with  that  which  has  marked  or  measured  the 
wood's  progress.    So  I  shall  follow  a  plan  that  will  bring  us  in  order  t^t  le  grea 

se  n  thTt '  "f '  "'  ""'r'  ''''''''  ^"'  ''''''  ^'^^  ^P-k  "Chiefly  of  the  pfaces 
seen  that  are  famous  m  the  intellectual  history  of  the  race,  either  as  markinVthe 
orjgmatmg  or  moulding  forces  in  the  developments  of  phi  osophy  arT  1 1  "atu 
reform,  and  religion,  hoping  that  in  this  way  the  banner  may  bec;me  a  soc^^^^^^^^ 
m  your  minds  with  the  noblest  tiungs  in  the  history  of  the  world 

And  first  we  touch  the  soil  of  the  three  historic  continents.  Starting  from 
Brundusmm,  once  the  terminus  of  the  old  Appian  Way,  and  then  as  nL  T 
great  Eastern  port  of  Italy,  we  leave  Europe,Tnd  after'four  days"'sa  1  we  land 
in  Africa  at  Alexandria.    From  Egypt  we  cross  over  at  Suez  into  Alia   and 

W  rid  '  rthf        :•"'"'  'I'  '''  °^^^  '''  '''^^  ^^-^  -"^-"ts  ot  h^  O  d 

World.    A   the  same  tin^e  we  have  associated  with  the  three  great  divisions  of 

he  Caucasian  race  that  sprang  from  the  family  of  Noah.    The  Llians  repesen 

h^  I    r  r?'?  "'^'■''"  ''^'"^'^'  °^  ^^'^  ''''  «'d  Greeks  and  Romarwere 

stL  fhafD  Tc°r"'     ^''  *r  '"  "^^^'^^'^"^'^  '^^  ^-*  --  ^^rZSr- 
It  on  of    M  M  "'""  '''"''''  "'  ^'  ^''  ^°""^  i"  th«  ^^^liest  art  and  civiliz- 

ation of  old  Mycenae.     An  industrious,  inventive  spirit,  an  effort  to  realize  hilh    ' 

;fTaptTh'^;'^rh:'s'T  ^^"^^----'^  the  ;::;rn?at 

B  Jn.f       f\   ^  ""*''  P'"'"'"'"  ^'  "^^^*  '^'  children  of  Shem,  in  the 

and  A  t''l  "'^  ""'  "^''"'  '''  '"S^-^*  development  in  the  Hebrew 

and  Assyrian  branches  of  old.  The  Jew,  while  caring  little  for  philosophyand 
science,  gave  us  the  very  highest  development  of  government  and  re lig  on  The 
Assyrian,  were  fond  of  science  and  the  industrial  arts,  and  gav  us  he  most 
varied,  massive,  and  richly  ornamented  buildings  of  the  world  quarrvin.  and 
moving  masses  of  stone  that  would  task  to  the  uftermost  ouT  Ide  "7^2  and 
art  In  old  Egypt  we  find  the  children  of  Ham  living  among  the  oldest  known 
historic  monuments,  and  in  the  land  of  their  fathers  Thus  early  has  the  fll^ 
touched  the  springs  of  history,  at  its  continental  and  race  origins  ^ 

And  with  the  flag  in  hand  we  salute  the  great  nations  of  the  past  as  we  walk 
among  the  ruins  of   their  cities  and  civilizations.     From  the  si  Im  t  of  tt 
Pyran.d  we  look  down  upon  more  than  forty  centuries  of  history  on^heod 
art  and  civilization  of  the  world.     We  wander  among  the  old  temples  and  tombs 

St'onr7h?,f 'T"^*'°"^'  "^  '^^"^'^  the  old  papyri  and  the' „  ifo'et  a 
Stone,  that,  hke  a  key,  unlocked  the  mysteries  of  the  hieroglyphics;  we  lis    ntr 


Ml 


304 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


the  music  of  Memnon's  lyre,  and  fail  to  catch  the  secret  of  the  Sphinx ;  we  go 
to  the  old  quarries  and  turquoise  mines,  into  the  heart  of  the  Pyramid,  and 
among  the  Apis  tombs ;  and  in  the  museum  of  Boulak,  so  rich  in  old  remains,  we 
live  over  again  the  old  Egyptian  life,  even  of  that  before  the  times  of  Moses. 

And  now  we  handle  the  old  Babylonian  bricks,  and  the  older  remains  of  the 
libraries  of  a  people  who  were  the  teachers  of  the  Greeks  ;  we  wander  among  the 
old  Assyrian  slabs,  and  the  winged  human-headed  lions ;  we  even  handle  the 
records  of  their  old  philosophies  and  astronomical  observations,  that  were 
the  wonder  of  Alexander  the  Great.  We  see  copies  —  impressions  in  *he  brick 
—  of  the  hymns  used  by  the  Chaldean  priests,  and  that  might  have  been  heard  by 
Abram  himself  in  old  Ur  ;  and  we  see  with  wonder  the  story  of  the  fall  of  man 
and  of  the  deluge  written  in  these  strange  dialects,  that  are  far  older  than  the 
exodus.  And  now  we  salute  the  old  Phcenicians,  whose  masons  and  builders 
aided  King  Solomon,  and  who  left  their  peculiar  marks  on  the  foundation  stones 
of  the  walls  of  Jerusalem,  eighty  feet  underground,  and  lately  discovered,  after 
being  buried  2,800  years,  —  a  wonderful  proof  of  the  genuineness  of  the  bible 
record. 

Next  we  visit  Greece,  the  land  of  art  and  eloquence,  of  beauty  and  song.  Here 
in  Mycens  we  salute  the  heroes  of  the  Iliad,  and  the  first  growth  of  Greek  life 
when  the  Hebrew  and  Phoenician  were  at  their  best.  And,  returning  from  the 
scene  of  Dr  Schliemann's  important  discoveries,  we  pause  on  the  site  of  the 
great  Greek  games  ;  we  unfurl  the  flag  and  salute  the  host  of  great  men  that  were 
accustomed  to  gather  on  these  memorable  grounds.  Here  the  great  poets  and 
historians  first  gave  to  the  world  the  works  that  have  made  them  immortal. 
Here  Euripides,  Sophocles,  and  Thucydides  were  crowned.  Here  gathered  trav- 
ellers from  all  nations,  and  nowhere  else  in  the  Old  World  were  such  audiences 
gathered  to  do  homage  to  the  men  of  genius. 

Wc  pass  on  to  the  shores  of  the  Bosphorus,  and  witness  in  fancy  the  crossing 
over  of  the  Greek  army  under  Alexander  the  Great,  that  conquered  and  H^'fcn- 
ized  the  Asiatic  world,  so  that  the  literature  and  laws  of  these  lands  we.^ 
forth  in  Greek.     The  conquest  of  the  language  was  far  more  important  thar 
of  the  mere  cities  and  armies,  for  this  great  language  became  one  of  the  nif 
important  of  the  providential  preparations  for  the  coming  of  Christianity,  anc 
the  rapid  spread  and  triumph  of  the  universal  religion  of  Jesus  Christ.     We  go 
onward  to  the  Roman  Forum,  and,  amid  the  ruins,  we  rest  near  the  site  of  the 
golden  mile-stone  that  marked  the  centre  of  the  Roman  world.     Here  we  stand 
and  sej  in  fancy,  from  Augustus  to  Constantine,  the  departure  and  return  of  the 
legions,  the  growth  of  the  Roman  power,  the  majesty  of  the  Roman  law  —  until 
within  three  hundred  years  Rome  has  become  Christian,  and  the  standards  of  tlie 
army  give  higher  honor  to  the  cross  than  to  the  eagles  of  victory. 

With  Constantine  we  pass  over  to  Byzantium,  the  famous  capital  of  the  East- 
ern empire  that  remained  so  long  after  the  break-up  of  Rome.  And  now  the 
great  nations  crowd  thick  and  fast;  the  map  changes  like  a  grand  kaleidoscope; 
and  we  can  but  salute  them  as  we  pass  from  one  part  of  Europe  to  another 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT.  305 

Universri  Hisfory ^"2  we 'hat 'b  I  h"fr;"^^"  Synchronological  Chart  of 

were  able,  with  the  flaT  tTi.uT  ""  *'"''"  ^"■°""^'^'  ^«  ^^^  that  we 

-uie,  wiin  tne  nag,  to  touch  some  monument  or  ruin  the  wrifm„c 
of  some  prominent  man,  of  nearly  every  centurv  frL   /.        ^he  wr.tmgs  or  work 
Egypt  to  our  own  time.    But  my  1  mitedTm7f    u  "^"  °^  '^'  ^''^'"''"''  '" 

names;  and  we  pass  to  the  .reat  centrt     f      .  n         '''"  '^'  "*^'°S"^  °^  '^e 

PC..S  Of  the  grL  educ:u:Src:r::'j:;s:t::;i;r''^' ''-  '''''''^^ 

the  soul,  and  immort  lity  and    he  -    -  '?""''  ""'  '"  '"^"'^^  «"  ^'"'y' 

thatthemen  orrthns^o  hated  and  "'.  "f /'"  '"'"'°^'^'  ^'> -"de'' 
follies  and  the  fallaci  of  thL^^^^^^^^^  "'"'"'T'  the  man  who  exposed  their 
tHis  strong,  brave  ^  !:l:^Jt:  ^i:;:j::'t^Z^^lJ^  --^ ^r  that 
true  and  beautiful  and  good.     We  co  over  to  thp         ^      r    u  ''''°  '°^^  "'« 

Plato  taught  his  lofty  ideal  philosoohvth.?  u.  ^'"T  "^  '^'  ^"^^""^  ""^'''^ 
ages  on  religious  and  spec  latet£^^^^^  such  a  profound  influence  for 

Amphitheatre  to  the  Hill  of  PhLrn  t      ^"'*  "'  '''  ^""'^  ''^^''"  ^'°'^  ^he 

emy  to  the  Lyceum  w"le  il'  le'the'  St  T  "^  "'"'  ^"^  ''•°'"  "^^  ^^d" 
atic  of  the  phnoso^lTic  thinker.  ;  r  ^^  "'  '^'  ""'"'  '"^ical  and  system- 
reasoning,  thL  foTX^tl^td^sS  S^^^   T""') '' ''''''''-' 

realm  of  speculation  and  study  mvestigat.ons  of  «en  in  every 

G^:::  ^z,  z;::^  ti^'^^nr^s  sr  t  ''" '-'"  '-^''-^' 

but  all  using  the  Aristolelian  t  .or  es  and  Sets  n'''"'  °'  '''''  ''''' 
Bacon  and  the  beginning  of  the  seventZr      .  '      *''  ""'  ""'""  *°  ^^^"='« 

Who  led  the  way  fo  a  neltetLdTlr  ^-rnitte  '^Hi:7  f  T  ^^^,  T 
ophy,  his  method  of  reasoning  from  fart«  ,"  ,,         "''  mduct.ve  philos- 

every  branch  of  human  thoult  TnH   n      .  '  ''"'^  """'^"^  "  ''^^"'"t'^"  i" 

present  period  of  plZso^  and  sctr/     '    ""'  "'  ^"^  ^'^  '^^'""^"^  °^  ^^ 

we  stan^d  on  the  Acro^^ r^e™  ^^d  :Sl:i:':fr;  J^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

:s;:^;;r  ^f  S':: -r  :r  ^;r  s^^  -r  ^"""^ " 

beauty.-  I„  the  galleries  of^oTe,  Florence  Pad  '  IZTT'  "'  ^"'"' 
works  of  this  age  which  must  ever  ^e  "  the  despa  of  th^  .'".  '7u  '"'  "^^ 
tion  of  the  world  "    In  the  V.nVn  /"^^'^^Pair  of  the  artist  and  the  admira- 

.au«„.  „..„,  Lj:  z  Jot  ::  ■„"  r,  ,rLr ^l*"  r  r  "■" 

wond.,/„l  p„i„d  o(  .he  Renaissance.  In  S,  Ma^l  if  V»  V,°  1  "  ""^ 
Rome,  Milan,  Slrasboure  rnl„,„.  o  ,  .'""'"""  Venice,  St.  Peter's  of 

»e  walked  .a^„2  anS'ther'  '"  """"  "'  ""  """"  ""■«""'»• 
how  „n,ch  the  world  owei  .0  Chrt  an.trrZb,"  f "  v'  ""'"'•  '""'^'°« 
painti..,  and  nrnslc.    And  St.,  ^o.:^^^:^ ^'Z:'^:^^^^'^ 


3o6 


CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT, 


low,  flat,  plain  bai'kns  cf  the  first  thousand  years  of  the  Church,  nut,  when 
the  foolish  prophoci,'!.  :.f  mcr  as  to  the  world's  destruction  had  proved  false, 
then,  in  the  firs'  I nes  of  the  second  thousand  years  of  Christianity,  nearly 
all  the  great  cat»iec*i-.h.  vv-oi"  commenced,  the  hi.ijh  hopes  and  aspirations  of  Christ- 
ianity break  t'"  '  kI  ,;  ver  Europe,  and  their  broad,  high,  cruciform  plans, 
their  heaven-rc>  .wi  •,  ii'-cs,  their  combination  of  perfect  beauty  and  strength, 
their  immense  size,,  al!  unite  to  express  their  magnificent  faith  in  the  permanency 
and  universal  triir  ph  >A  Christianity. 

At  Geneva,  Woims,  Bonn,  Heidelberg,  Lyons,  Paris,  London,  Oxford,  Eton, 
and,  dearest  of  all,  at  Rugby  — the  Rugby  of  brave  Dr.  Arnold  — we  recalled  the 
work  of  the  masters,  and  the  immense  influence  of  these  schools  of  learning. 
We  laid  the  flag  on  tlie  grave  of  I'olycarp  at  Smyrna,  and  of  Jerome  in  Bethle- 
hem ;  and  we  stood  by  the  reputed  burial-places  of  Athanasius  in  Alexandria  and 
of  Ambrose  in  Milan,  the  real  Christian  fathers  of  the  whole  Church.  We  waved 
the  flag  with  thankful  joy  in  the  Cathedral  at  Worms,  where  Luther  made  his 
brave  defence  ;  and  once  again  on  the  plaza  in  its  front  where  one  hundred  thou- 
sand  of  the  noblest  and  best  of  all  Germany,  a  few  years  since,  had  gathered  to 
the  dedication  of  the  great  Luther  monument  raised  to  him  and  to  all  the 
reformers  that  had  made  possible  the  great  Reformation.  And  in  Geneva,  in 
remembrance  of  che  catholicity  of  the  C.  L.  S.  C,  and  with  a  sort  of  foreknowl- 
edge  of  the  coming  "  substantial  agreement  of  Calvinism  and  Arminianism,"  we 
saluted  with  equal  deference  both  Calvin  and  Arminius,  At  Stratford  we  touched 
with  the  flag  many  of  the  things  connected  with  the  early  life  of  Shakspere, 
and  saluted  Burns  and  Scott  in  the  places  they  have  made  famous.  And  then, 
as  on  sacred  shrines,  we  laid  the  banner  on  the  graves  of  John  Knox  and  John 
Bunyan  and  John  Wesley,  the  great  heroes  of  religious  reformation. 

While  not  failing  to  recog  lize  the  great  leaders  of  thought  along  the  ages,  we 
have  yet  to  name  the  greatest  of  all.  Standing  far  above  the  Athenian  Academy 
and  Lyceum  was  the  school  of  the  greatest  teacher,  and  on  the  summit  of  Mars' 
Hill,  where  Paul  taught  of  "the  unknown  God,"  and  preached  "Jesus  and  the 
resurrection."  His  writings  have  had  far  larger  audiences,  and  have  affected  far 
more  profoundly  the  world's  thought,  than  all  its  other  human  teachers.  He  was 
familiar  with  the  schools  and  their  philosophies,  and  he  brought  to  the  exposition 
and  defence  of  the  gospe'  all  the  power  of  human  culture ;  and  on  the  hill  over- 
looking Damascus,  where  he  was  converted,  and  in  Rome,  where  he  died,  the  flag 
did  honor  to  his  memory. 

But  the  intellect  of  man  has  done  some  of  its  noblest  work  in  the  service  of 
reform,  and  it  was  a  great  pleasure  to  stand  on  the  spots  m^de  memorable  by 
heroic  devotion  to  principle  and  duty.  We  touched  many  an  early  Christian 
inscription  in  the  Vatican,  and  laid  the  flag  in  a  newly  opened  martyr  grave  in  the 
catacombs.  We  sprinkled  it  with  the  waters  of  the  spring  of  the  Mamertine 
prison,  where  Paul  was  confined.  We  saluted  Cranmer  and  Huss,  where  they 
suffered,  and  the  brave,  generous  spirit  of  Joan  of  Arc,  where  she  was  burned  in 
the  market-place  of  Rouen.    We  unfurled  the  flag  along  the  region  where  Con- 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


307 


stantine  had  his  vision  of  the  cross,  and  saw  the  letters  of  fire,  In  hoc  signo  and 
rested  it  over  the  copy  of  the  Magna  Charta  in  the  British  Museum.  The  fla^ 
mfolded,  ,n  Jerusalem,  the  sword  of  that  brave  knight  of  chivalry,  Baldwin  the 
kmg ;  It  rested  on  the  coronation  chair,  where  so  many  of  the  English  kings  have 
been  crowned,  and  on  that  anointed  stone  wrought  into  its  seat  that  has  such  a 
wonderful  history ;  on  Pilate's  stairway,  where  the  Reformation  turned  as  on 
a  pivot ;  m  the  cell  of  the  martyr-monk,  Savonarola  of  Florence;  and  before  the 

f?*  n-M  f"!!''''!"'  '""^  ''''°'"'  °^  ^'^'•'"^"y.  ^h"  "^=»de  possible  the  translation  of 
the  Bible  by  Luther  ;  before  the  statue  of  Wilberforce  in  Westminster.  We  stood 
with  f^ag  in  hand  to  do  honor  to  these  great  souls,  and  the  movements  they  so 
grandly  represented. 

But  in  religious  aim  and  work  the  world  has  had  its  noblest  manifestations  of 
intellectual  activity  and  power.  Chautauqua  is  Christian ;  and  it  will  be  a  pleasure 
for  you  to  feel  that  the  banner  has  been  associated  with  the  places  mentioned  in 
the  word  o  God  We  start  with  the  flag  at  "  that  hour  and  place  where  history 
was  born  ;"  and  from  Goshen  to  Suez,  where  God's  people  crossed  the  Red  Sea 
on  the  shore  where  they  sang  their  song  of  triumph,  at  Marah  and  Elim,  and  up 
mto  Mount  Sinai,  the  mount  of  God,  where  he  gave  the  law,  we  follow  the  steps 
of  Moses.  We  stand  at  the  Jordan,  where  the  Israelites  crossed  over ;  at  Shiloh 
where  the  tabernacle  rested  so  long ;  on  Gerizim,  where,  witnessing  the  Samaritan 
passover,  the  flag  was  reddened  with  the  blood  of  the  passover  lamb  that  was  slain 
hat  night;  from  Dan  to  Beersheba,  in  Hebron  and  Bethlehem,  on  the  rock  of  the 
emp  e  and  Mount  Zion,  in  Gethsemane  and  the  holy  sepulchre,  on  Calvary  and 
fuf  bve""'       Ascension.    In  every  place  the  flag  was  used  with  solemn,  prayer- 

Thence  we  passed  over  the  places  consecrated  by  the  struggles  of  the  early  Chris- 
tians,  visiting  the  sites  of  several  of  the  first  churches,  until  we  stood  again  in 
Rome.  Here,  on  the  Arch  of  Titus,  we  trace  the  signs  of  the  fulfilment  of  Christ's 
prophecy  of  the  destruction  of  the  temple  and  the  holy  city;  a  little  way  bevond 
we  find  the  Coliseum  that  witnessed  the  heroic  martyrdom  of  so  many  of  the  early 
Christians ;  and  over  on  the  other  hill  were  the  gardens  of  Nero,  through  which  he 
drove  at  night  by  the  light  of  the  burning  martyrs,  whose  robes  were  saturated 
with  oil  and  pitch:  and  now,  on  this  very  spot,  stands  the  grandest  Christian 
church  of  all  the  world.  Not  far  away  we  bow  on  the  very  spot  where  the  kneel- 
ing  priests  received  the  papal  blessing,  as  they  were  being  sent  forth,  the  first 
missionaries,  by  Gregory  the  Great,  to  heathen  Britain.  And  here  and  there  in 
streets  in  sight  of  the  Vatican  we  salute  half  a  score  of  small,  unpretentious 
chapels  that  represent  the  great  Protestant  missionary  societies  of  the  world  that 
have  come  to  Rome  to  stay,  and,  especially  our  own  St.  Paul's,  that  may  yet 
become  the  real  patron  saint  of  Rome,  as  Methodism  has  had  a  marvellous  growth 
m  that  and  all  the  great  cities  of  Italy. 

Thenceforward  we  cannot  separate  Christianity  from  the  history  of  human 
thought  and  progress.  It  seemed  to  burst,  like  the  flames,  from  a  score  of  points 
at  once,  and  m  scores  of  places  we  saluted  the  rising,  spreading,  conquering  spirit 
of  the  cross,  ^         o   x- 


-  ( 


I 


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I 


I 


308 


THE  CHAUTAUQUA  MOVEMENT. 


Once  again  we  stand  on  the  shores  of  Alexandria  in  Egypt,  the  place  that  so 
lately  witnessed  the  massacre  of  the  unoffending  Christians  ,  and  now,  as  we  hear 
the  sound  of  England's  guns,  we  ask,  may  not  this  be  the  beginning  of  the  end 
of  the  dark,  cruel  power  and  rule  of  MohammeHanism  in  Egypt  and  the. lands  of 
the  Bible  ?  There,  on  that  very  hill-side  where  the  shot  and  shell  were  so  destruc- 
tive, once  stood  the  old  Serapeum  ;  and,  standing  there  with  the  old  flag  in  hand, 
I  recalled  that  famous  night  of  history  when  the  Roman  general,  waiting  for  the 
imperial  orders  to  destroy  that  greatest  heathen  temple  of  the  world,  heard,  in  the 
midnight,  a  ringing  "  Alleluia,"  that  to  him  was  the  divine  assurance  of  the  final 
triumph  of  Christianity  over  paganism.  Would  that  behind  the  shouts  of  men 
over  the  victory  of  the  English  fleet  we  might  hear  the  grand  ringing  "  Alleluia" 
of  the  spiritual  hosts  that  watch  and  wait  for  the  final  triumph  of  Christianity 
that  should  betoken  the  speedy  destruction  of  Mohammedanism  I 

Such,  in  brief,  is  the  "  Story  of  the  Banner  "  and  its  associations,  which,  with 
such  beautiful  and  varied  forms,  you  have  adopted  as  your  own.  We  do  not  hold 
that  the  banner  is  either  classical  or  sacred  because  of  its  associations.  But, 
with  many,  its  nistory  will  give  to  it  a  special  value,  and  it  may  fitly  symbolize 
the  great  movement  it  repiesents.  If  this  C.L.S.C.  course  of  study  has  not  added 
to  your  culture  as  specialists,  it  has  followed  the  older  and  better  idea  of  the 
Greek  Academy  and  Lyceum,  that  made  far  more  of  that  broad  humanistic  culture 
of  the  whole  man,  than  of  the  education  that  was  mainly  special  and  professional. 
These  Halls  of  the  Grove  and  of  Philosophy  are  doing,  in  their  way,  not  the  work 
of  the  colleges,  but  one  that  is  beyond  their  reach  ;  and  these  "  Athenian  Watch- 
fires  "  are  signals  to  the  coming  time  of  the  possibility  of  a  true  literary  education 
for  the  men  and  women  who  work  and  are  too  poor  or  i^o  busy  for  the  long  and 
special  courses  of  collegiate  study.  It  has  already  brought  joy  to  thousands  who 
have  once  drank  at  the  true  Pierian  spring,  and  felt  the  quenchless  thirst  for 
knowledge,  but  kntw  not  how  or  where  to  gratify  it. 

Dr.  Vincent,  I  have  filled  my  commission  to  the  best  of  my  ability  ;  and  I  now 
commit  the  banner  to  your  keeping,  which,  like  Noah's  dove,  has  at  last  found  a 
resting-place  inside  of  the  ark  of  the  C.L.S.C,  that  bears  so  much  of  precious 
freight  and  hope  for  the  future  of  the  Church  a.^d  the  Nation. 


I 


CHAUTAUQUA    UNIVERSITY. 

TRUSTEES. 

Prtiidtnt.     Lewis  Millbh,  Akron,  O. 

Vic*-Prtsid*HU.    F.  H.  Root,  Buffalo,  NY.    Jacob  Milleu,  Canton,  0. 

V.  D.  Carlkv,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Exieutiv*  CommilU*       F.  H.  Root.  Buffalo,  NY.      Jacob  NTiller,  Canton,  O. 

C.  Stodebaker.  South  Bend,  Ind.    J.  C.  Giffokd,  Wesifield,  N.Y. 

William  Thomas,  Mcadville,  Penn. 

Trtaiurtr.    E.  A.  Skinner,  Westfield,  N.Y. 

Secretary.     W.  A.  Duncan,  Syracuse,  N.Y. 

Horace  Wilkins,  Cleveland,©.      H.  A.  Pratt,  Faribault,  Minn.      H.  H.  Moore. 

Chautauqua,  N.Y.      W.  C.  J.  Hall,  Jamestown,  N.Y.     J.  H.  Vincent,  Plainfield,  N.J. 

W.G.Williams,  MeadviUe,  Penn.      K.  M.  Hukill,  Pittsburg,  Penn.      E.C.Norton, 

Chautauqua,  N.Y.    C.  D.  Fire.stone,  Columbus.  O      William  M.  Clark,  Liberty,  Ind. 

W.  H.  Shortt,  Youngsville,  Penn.    J   T.  Edwards,  Randolph,  N.Y.     H.  A.  Massey, 

Toronto,  Ont.    William  T.  Dunn,  Puuburg,  Penn.    John  Brown,  Brad'brd,  Penn. 

FACULTY. 

Chancellor.    ].  H.  Vincent. 

Chautauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle. 

Counsellors.     Lyman  AnnoTT,  D.D.      L  M.  Gibson,  D.D.     Bishop  H.  W.  Warren, 

D.D.    W.  C.  Wilkinson,  D.D.    Edward  Everett  Hale,  D.D. 

James  H.  Carlisle,  LL.D. 

Chautauqua  College  of  Liberal  Arts. 
Department  Principals.  George  N.  Webber,  D.D.  E.  E.  Hale,  Jun.,  A  B. 
W.  R.  Harper,  Ph.D.  E.  H.  Moore,  Jun^  Ph.D.  W.  D  McClintock,  A  M.  H  J, 
ScHMiTZ,  A.M.  G.  M.  Steele,  D.D.  J.  T.  Edwards,  D.D.  Henrv  Lummis,  D.D. 
C.  T.  McClintock,  A.M.  R.  S.  Holmes,  A.M.  A.  A.  Wright.  A.M.  W.  C.  J. 
Hall,  A.B.  J.  W.  Dickinson,  Ph.D.  H.  W.  Mabie,  AM.  J.  L.  Corning,  A.M. 
R.  L.  Cumnock,  A.M.    C,  R.  Wells.    W.  D.  Bridge,  A.M.    Henry  E.  Alvord,  C.E. 

Chautauqua  School  of  Theology. 

Counsellors.     W.  M.  Taylor,  D.D.       Bishop  R.  S.  Foster,  D.D.,  LL.D.      Phil'P 

ScHAFF,  D.D.,  LL.D.    Joseph  T.  Duryea,  D.D.    J   M.  Buckley.  D.D. 

H.  M.  Sanders,  D.D.      A.  G.  Haygood,  D.D. 

Secretary  Archaological  Department.    J.  E.  Kittredge,  D.D. 

Deans.    W.  R.  Harper,  Ph.D.    A.  A.  Wright,  A.M.     L.  T.  Townsend,  D.D.    Phiup 

Schaff,  D.D.    Lyman  Abbott.  D.D.    W.  C.  Wilkinson,  D.D.    J  S.  Jewell, 

M.D.    R.  L.  Cumnock,  A.M.    Hon.  Carroll  D.  Wright,  A.M. 

Chautauqua  Teachers'  Reading  Union, 

President.    Dr.  T.  W.  Bicknell,  Boston,  Mass. 

Counsellors.    Prominent  Educators  in  the  several  Stales  of  the  Union. 

Chautauqua  Young  Folks'  Reading  Union. 

Superintendent.    Dr.  J.  L.  Hurlbut,  Plainfield,  N.J. 

Chautauqua  Town  and  Country  Club. 

Superintendent  of  Instruction.    Charles  Barnard,  Esq.,  New- York  City. 

Chautauqua  Society  of  Fine  Arts, 

Director.    Frank  Fowler,  Esq.,  New- York  City. 

Office  Secretary  of  the  C.L.S.C.,   C.T.R.U.,  C.Y.F.R.U.,   C.T.C.C,  C.S.F.A. 
Miss  K.  F.  Kimball.  Plainfield,  N.J. 

General  Secretary.    A.M.Martin,  Pittsburg,  Penn. 

Secretary  of  the  C.T.J?,  and  C.S.L.    Miss  Julia  E.  Bulkley,  Plainfield,  N.J. 

University  Registrar,  and  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  C.S.T. 

R.  S.  Holmes,  Plainfield,  N.J. 

Director  of  the  Chautauqua  Press.    George  E.  Vincent,  Plainfield,  N.J. 


Vft 


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*     : 


W' 


m 


THE  CHAUTAUQUAN. 

t^  (Monthly  zMagaiine. 
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Special  departments  are  devoted  to  programmes  for  C.L.S.C.  meetmgs, 
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An  eight-page  daUy  paper  published  during  the  Chautauqua  Assembly. 
Full   reports   of  all  meetings,  and  verbatim  reproductions  of  lectures, 

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